Rescue Of Victims Research Articles

Evaluation of the resilience of nonbuilt areas to the postearthquake crisis: application to the city of Boudouaou (Northern Algeria)

PurposeTo strengthen the resilience of Algerian cities subject to major hazards, this study aims to propose an evaluation of the capacity of the road network and open space (unbuilt spaces of the city) to respond to the postearthquake crisis for the evacuation and rescue of victims after a destructive earthquake.Design/methodology/approachThe presented method was practiced by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Algerian Center for Applied Research in Earthquake Engineering (CGS) for the seismic microzoning study of the city of Algiers. The criterion, “Emergency evacuation and rescue facility” was applied to the city of Boudouaou as a tool for the evaluation of the road network and open space, and the analysis used Geographic Information System (GIS) data based on experimental indices conducted in Japan.FindingsThe assessment presents vulnerability maps showing the location of urban areas of high vulnerability to accessibility for evacuation and rescue of disaster victims at the time of the earthquake. The paper offers managers the possibility of decreasing the vulnerability rate of the city by preventive remedies, such as providing refuge areas for disaster victims and widening streets to facilitate the passage of rescue workers in vulnerable areas before the arrival of the earthquake.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, being the first to present an evaluation of the road network and open space in the face of seismic risk in the region studied, the article demonstrates the importance of urban resilience in reducing human and material losses during a destructive earthquake.

Konstruksi Pengetahuan Penyelamatan dan Evakuasi Korban Laka Laut pada Komunitas SAR Rimba Laut di Payangan

The existence of SAR Rimba Laut as rescue volunteers equipped with qualified knowledge and skills is needed to minimise the occurrence of marine accidents, considering that the waters of Jember Regency have a high risk caused by several factors. This study aims to determine the construction of knowledge of rescue and evacuation of victims of marine accidents in the SAR Rimba Laut community in Payangan. This study used a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. The research subjects consisted of nine people who were divided into two categories, namely primary informants and secondary informants. The data collection process was carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity techniques used triangulation techniques. While the data analysis technique uses an interactive model, which consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The process of knowledge production related to rescue and evacuation in Rimba Laut SAR is described through three important moments, namely externalisation, objectivation, and internalisation that run simultaneously. Externalisation is reflected in the knowledge production process of Rimba Laut SAR related to rescue and evacuation. In objectivation, SAR Rimba Laut begins to take on roles and immerse itself in humanitarian actions. The externalisation and objectivation phases are then absorbed and reinterpreted within each individual which is referred to as internalisation. It is important for the government to implement training and provide facilities related to the rescue and evacuation of victims of marine accidents.

Serum sSelectin-L is an early specific indicator of radiation injury

ObjectiveIt's crucial to identify an easily detectable biomarker that is specific to radiation injury in order to effectively classify injured individuals in the early stage in large-scale nuclear accidents. MethodsC57BL/6J mice were subjected to whole-body and partial-body γ irradiation, as well as whole-body X-ray irradiation to explore the response of serum sSelectin-L to radiation injury. Then, it was compared with its response to lipopolysaccharide-induced acute infection and doxorubicin-induced DNA damage to study the specificity of sSelectin-L response to radiation. Furthermore, it was further evaluated in serum samples from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients before and after radiotherapy. Simulated rescue experiments using Amifostine or bone marrow transplantation were conducted in mice with acute radiation syndrome to determine the potential for establishing sSelectin-L as a prognostic marker. The levels of sSelectin-L were dynamically measured using the ELISA method. ResultsSelectin-L is mainly expressed in hematopoietic tissues and lymphatic tissues. Mouse sSelectin-L showed a dose-dependent decrease from 1 day after irradiation and exhibited a positive correlation with lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, the level of sSelectin-L reflected the degree of radiation injury in partial-body irradiation mice and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. sSelectin-L was closely related to the total dose of γ or X ray. There was no significant change in the sSelectin-L levels in mice intraperitoneal injected with lipopolysaccharide or doxorubicin. The sSelectin-L was decreased slower and recovered faster than lymphocyte count in acute radiation syndrome mice treated with Amifostine or bone marrow transplantation. ConclusionsOur study shows that sSelectin-L has the potential to be an early biomarker to classify injured individuals after radiation accidents, and to be a prognostic indicator of successful rescue of radiation victims.

A Look at Human Trafficking and the Anti-Trafficking Apparatus in Mexico through the Experience of Victoria, a Trans Woman

In this article, we discuss the experience of Victoria, a trans woman who was trafficked in the context of the criminal war in Mexico. Drawing on anthropological and feminist perspectives that privilege the dialogue of knowledge, Victoria’s experience allows us to problematise two central elements of the phenomenon of human trafficking in Mexico: first, the relationship between organised crime groups and human trafficking, and its effects on daily life in local contexts in Mexico, specifically in the experience of a trans woman. And second, the functioning of the Mexican anti-trafficking apparatus which, by focusing on the rescue of victims of sexual exploitation in places where independent sex work occurs, overlooks the identification of other forms of trafficking, such as trafficking for labour exploitation and servitude, both experienced by Victoria at the hands of organised crime groups.

Экстренная сверхглубокая гипотермия при остановке кровообращения, вызванной массивной кровопотерей: из опыта проведения тактико-специальных учений

Summary. The aim of the study is to evaluate the possibility of using the technology of emergency superdeep hypothermia (ESH), which consists in rapid cooling of vital organs (up to 10 °C) and the whole body (up to 20 °C), in the conditions of simulation of stage treatment of the wounded with traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) during the annual tactical-special military-medical exercise “Ochag” in the training center of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. Materials and research methods. A mobile resuscitation and surgical team consisting of two surgeons, one anesthesiologist-surgeon, an anesthesia nurse, and an operating room nurse was formed for the study, which was placed in a reinforced concrete bunker located slightly away from the main evacuation routes for the wounded (simulants). The personnel of the team, represented by the staff of the Special Medical Unit (SMU) of the Military Medical Academy, was reinforced by a surgeon trained in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and experienced in the use of this technology in the clinic in order to practice new technologies. The main tasks of the team included: primary surgical care of seriously wounded patients in case of a small incoming flow and primary medical and sanitary care in case of mass admission of the wounded. Results of the study and their analysis. The results of the study showed the potential possibility — primarily from the point of view of logistics and organization — of medical evacuation of a casualty in the state of ESH between the deployed stages of medical care. In the course of the experiment it was established that the duration of medical evacuation in hypothermic circulatory arrest should be less than 120 min. It is concluded that it is necessary to carry out additional research to determine the optimal parameters of the application of the ESG technique for the rescue of victims with TCA.

Doctor Who and the seeds of anxiety: exploring popular narratives of energy justice and exploitation

Achieving and implementing sustainable socio-technical transitions requires high levels of public understanding and acceptance across multiple sectors including energy, transport, heating, and other domains. However, the level of public understanding of even the most “obvious” high carbon sector, energy production, and of the surrounding class relations around its production and consumption, remains under-examined. A specific gap is how energy narratives diffuse through and are shaped by widely accessible popular sources. The extent that public understanding may be informed by how popular culture presents issues of energy, class and access, merits consideration, yet is underexplored. This article contributes to the emerging field of energy humanities by examining five stories from the popular BBC science fiction series Doctor Who, broadcast in the 1960s, 70s and 80s. It situates them in the time they were created and finds that the program provides representations of energy production and class and that these stories yield critique of political repression of subjugated peoples. However, Doctor Who ultimately does not convey a meaningful sense of endogenous social change as questions of justice are resolved by a saviour arriving from without. Our contention is that Doctor Who distils and represents via drama a degree of support for energy justice critique present in a particular place and time, the UK from the 1960s to the 1980s. Yet we also contend the energy justice critique apparent in Doctor Who is limited by several interlocking characteristics: the paternalistic rescue of victims of oppression matched by the uncritical validation of other and newer energy sources; therefore, the need for technological progress is endorsed. These limitations in normative energy justice appear in a programme viewed by millions and we contend these limitations prevailed in the wider culture which produced and watched it. Ultimately therefore interpretation of Doctor Who reflects on the theme of denialism, of the need for a just energy transition, which is conspicuously relevant today across multiple nations.

A method to accelerate the rescue of fire-stricken victims

For individuals trapped in a fire, early detection can significantly increase their chances of survival. Presently, firefighters employ a systematic search method along the walls, ensuring a comprehensive and thorough exploration of the environment to prevent missing any trapped victims. However, this approach has its drawbacks, such as time wastage in areas or rooms without victims. The goal of this study is to propose a search method that can expedite the discovery of trapped victims. Our method relies primarily on prior knowledge, crowd information and the temperature within the fire scene, utilizing fuzzy logic to calculate the probability of the presence and survival of victims in each distinct space. The resulting search sequence not only accelerates victim discovery but also safeguards firefighters from unnecessary risks. We conducted various simulation experiments to validate our approach. In comparison to the sequential search method currently employed by firefighters, the experimental results indicate that our method reduces the time to locate trapped victims by 25 %. Compared to other path planning algorithms based on approximate optimization, our method offers a shorter computation time, making it suitable for integration into fire rescue systems to provide real-time assistance.

Police Hostage Rescue Operation: Assessing Nigerian Police Alertness and Responses to Kidnapped Victims

Kidnapping and hostage-taking have plagued Nigeria for over two decades, beginning with protests in the country’s Niger-Delta region. Afterward, the phenomenon has spread like a Harmattan bush fire across the country’s length and breadth. Although the phenomenon evolved from sheer agitation it became the most thriving business, even though it is on the wrong side of morality. Evidently, the spectacle has drawn tremendous literature and a crow’s nest that range from its evolution to politics, socioeconomic consequences and alternative negotiation, among other concerns and worries associated with it. Going by studies, the phenomenon has resulted in atrocious ransom payments, inhumane treatment and even deaths of helpless victims. Connectedly, the unpleasant experiences of victims, especially at the hands of their captors, inform this discourse on the alertness and responses of the Nigerian Police to kidnapped victims, which is what has remained either under-assessed or significantly under-examined. Relying significantly on both primary and secondary data, this article assesses the main security institution entrusted with the internal security of the nation, viz-à-viz its response to victims’ calls via operational tools, manpower, training and education, intelligence and synergy with sister security agencies. This article concludes that inadequacies and deficiencies in these variables have stalled the timely rescue of victims by police forces in the country.

Rescue, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of female survivors of human trafficking in Northern Tanzania

The victims of human trafficking experience a very traumatic experience from the time they are recruited up to the time of rescue. It is without doubt that they require rehabilitation process in order for them to recover to their normal being before being given other opportunities or reintegrated back into their communities. However, many countries have limited services to the victims of human trafficking and as a result, the victims return to the trafficking cycle. In many it is not clearly stipulated who is responsible for rescue, rehabilitation and reintegration of the victims. It is from this concern the current study sought the importance of establishing and documenting information on the rescue, rehabilitation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking in Northern Tanzania. The study applied a mixed approach technique where qualitative and quantitative methods were used to get data from the study area. Seven district councils of Arusha region were involved in the study. Data collection tools included a questionnaire, focus group discussion and interview. A total of 400 girls and young women were sampled for the study. The findings revealed that only 30.2%of the respondents reported to have received some sort of assistance and service from different stakeholders. Further it was found that study few respondents (34.5%) were willing to go back to their communities while a good number (65.5%) disagreed with the idea of going back to their communities due to different reasons. Much as these services seem to be crucial for the recovery of the victims, in the current study it was reported that they victims could not receive the said services due to lack of funds for implementing this services.

Establishing Human Observer Criterion in Evaluating Artificial Social Intelligence Agents in a Search and Rescue Task.

Artificial social intelligence (ASI) agents have great potential to aid the success of individuals, human-human teams, and human-artificial intelligence teams. To develop helpful ASI agents, we created an urban search and rescue task environment in Minecraft to evaluate ASI agents' ability to infer participants' knowledge training conditions and predict participants' next victim type to be rescued. We evaluated ASI agents' capabilities in three ways: (a) comparison to ground truth-the actual knowledge training condition and participant actions; (b) comparison among different ASI agents; and (c) comparison to a human observer criterion, whose accuracy served as a reference point. The human observers and the ASI agents used video data and timestamped event messages from the testbed, respectively, to make inferences about the same participants and topic (knowledge training condition) and the same instances of participant actions (rescue of victims). Overall, ASI agents performed better than human observers in inferring knowledge training conditions and predicting actions. Refining the human criterion can guide the design and evaluation of ASI agents for complex task environments and team composition.

Research on a bionic swarm intelligence algorithm and model construction of the integrated dispatching system for the rescue of disaster victims

Research on a bionic swarm intelligence algorithm and model construction of the integrated dispatching system for the rescue of disaster victims

Research on a bionic swarm intelligence algorithm and model construction of the integrated dispatching system for the rescue of disaster victims

Research on a bionic swarm intelligence algorithm and model construction of the integrated dispatching system for the rescue of disaster victims

Exploration of Multiple Unknown Areas by Swarm of Robots Utilizing Virtual-Region-Based Splitting and Merging Technique

This paper describes an efficacious virtual-region-based shape control scheme for exploring an unknown occluded dynamic environment, likely to have multiple targets, by a swarm of robots. The traditional leader-follower strategy has been intertwined with the shape control technique to achieve group-splitting of the robotic swarm in multi-target or multi-path scenarios. If multiple passages are detected by the parent swarm during the navigational process, several sub-swarms with proportionate agents will be created for progressing through these separate paths. The splitting philosophy is dependent on the fitment of the virtual elliptical regions in each of the paths found ahead, which will guide their respective sub-swarms to navigate further. This work, subsequently, conceives a realistic condition where two or more pathways merge to form a single lane, leading to a unique target. In such situations, the sub-swarms (operating in those paths) rejoin and proceed to the goal as a unified unit. Therefore, in this work, two different features of a swarm robotics framework, namely splitting and merging, have been studied. The scalability control plan ensures strict cohesiveness amongst the agents (inside the mother swarm or any sub-swarm) during the exploration steps. To substantiate the efficacy of the proposed technique, simulation results along with hardware experiment are duly furnished in this article. Note to Practitioners—In recent years, autonomous robots have played an increasingly significant role in civil applications. The search and rescue operation is one such example. In this specific field, swarm robotic systems have the potential to significantly improve efficiency with faster search and rescue of victims, initial assessment and mapping of the environment, real-time monitoring, and surveillance operations. Motivated from this specification, in this work, we offer a novel trajectory planning technique for a robotic swarm employing the region-based shape control scheme with the leader-follower approach for achieving the splitting and merging. The proposed solution can be used in any kind of environmental circumstance, such as single or multiple targets, single or multiple pathways, and so on, such as a normal rescue operation in which several victims may be found in different locations. Moreover, to undertake complete surveillance, it would be cost-effective to deploy one large swarm and then split it into sub-swarms based on the requirements.

Disaster Logistics: Route Optimization for Air Rescue Units

Natural disasters are uncontrollable and often unpredictable events that affect many countries yearly. After a disaster, the response phase is crucial for the rescue of disaster victims. Rescue helicopters play an essential role in this phase. However, the costs of using these aerial rescue units are high. Vehicle routing is a class of combinatorial optimization problems widely used in supply chain management and logistics. The management of a natural disaster is considered an event-driven logistics. This paper aims to apply a vehicle routing methodology to optimize the routes of rescue helicopters in natural disasters, ensuring greater efficiency in allocating these resources, aiming to maximize the number of rescued victims and reduce the costs of operations.

The Proximity of Road Traffic Crash Black Spots to Federal Road Safety Commission Zebra Location/Emergency Health Care Facilities in Federal Capital City, Abuja, Nigeria

This research analyzed the proximity of road traffic crash (RTC) Black Spots to Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) zebra locations/emergency health care facilities to ascertain the rescue of RTC victims in Federal Capita City (FCC). Geographic Information System (GIS) based location model was applied in the street network analysis to identify RTC black spots that are outside the close reach of FRSC rescue points/health facilities in FCC. Distance was used as impedance factor. Spatial query and buffer analysis were employed to determine accident spots that fall between 2 kms of the health facility and zebra point. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques were applied in proximity analysis using location strategies and interconnected features. The results were presented on road network maps. The result suggests that five (5) additional zebra points would be effective in terms of proximity to RTC in the area and would considerably improve spatial coverage for response times. The areas where quick response and medical facilities are insufficient were identified. Optimal locations for siting zebra points that can effectively service RTC black spots were proposed.

Rescue of persons in traffic accidents on roads

Abstract The article deals with traffic accident rates in the Czech Republic and activities of the basic component parts of the integrated rescue system in relation to traffic accident addressing. On the basis of statistical data from the period 2011 to 2018, the purpose of the main component parts of the integrated rescue system in providing aid to victims of traffic accidents is emphasized. A real traffic accident is used to describe the intervention procedure with an emphasis on disentangling individuals from wrecked motor vehicles and provision of pre-hospital emergency care. Assessment of traffic accidents and the methods of their addressing are summed up in proposals for the safe rescue of victims, provision of (first) aid, and elimination of intervention-related complications.

Особенности работы звеньев газодымозащитной службы при массовом спасении людей

Introduction. It is well known that in case of fire at facilities with a massive presence of people, there are difficulties in evacuating or rescuing the victims. The reason is the following factors: 1) Visitors do not know the location of the emergency exits, in addition to this, people experience a feeling of fear that suppresses logical thinking; 2) Due to the time spent on concentrating the forces and means of fire departments, rescue of people from smoky premises is not organized in time, which can lead to tragic consequences; 3) Insufficient time of the protective action of breathing apparatus with compressed air and dense smoke do not allow to quickly find the victims. This paper presents the results of modeling and an experiment carried out by the authors to rescue the victims. During the experiment, the necessary number of gas and smoke protection service units was concentrated in advance and ready to rescue the victims, which is almost impossible in a real fire. The paper investigates the difficulties of the work of gas and smoke protection service units in rescuing people at facilities with a massive stay of people, not taking into account the impact of fire hazards. The aims and objectives. The aim of the work is to investigate the features of functioning of the gas and smoke protection service units during mass rescue operations. Methodology. The mechanism of the work of the gas and air search and rescue units during mass rescue works is studied. The work time of the gas and smoke protection service units, spent on the rescue of victims, is described. The experiment was carried out practically under ideal conditions, allowing to concentrate the forces and means of the fire-rescue garrison in the amount hypothetically sufficient for carrying out rescue operations in an unbreathable environment at facilities with mass stay of people. The results of the study. The mechanism of link operation is investigated and presented during mass rescue operations. Difficulties of mass rescue are visually shown. In the conditions of the largely idealized experiment within twenty minutes on two routes simultaneously could be conditionally extracted from the smoke-filled rooms no more than 18 people. The time difference between the first and the last rescued was more than 20 minutes. Conclusion. The results of the study determine the need for significant adaptation of methods and development of technical means for solving problems during mass rescue operations in an unbreathable environment. Keywords: rescue works, gas and smoke rescue unit, breathing apparatus, time, distance, victim.

Quality Indicators for Avalanche Victim Management and Rescue.

Decisions in the management and rescue of avalanche victims are complex and must be made in difficult, sometimes dangerous, environments. Our goal was to identify indicators for quality measurement in the management and rescue of avalanche victims. The International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MedCom) convened a group of internal and external experts. We used brainstorming and a five-round modified nominal group technique to identify the most relevant quality indicators (QIs) according to the National Quality Forum Measure Evaluation Criteria. Using a consensus process, we identified a set of 23 QIs to measure the quality of the management and rescue of avalanche victims. These QIs may be a valuable tool for continuous quality improvement. They allow objective feedback to rescuers regarding clinical performance and identify areas that should be the foci of further quality improvement efforts in avalanche rescue.

Motivasi Dan Pengetahuan Relawan Tentang Penanggulangan Bencana

Introduction: High motivation to become a volunteer affects the effort given by someone to work. They involve themselves in disaster management activities that aim at the goal of helping and rescuing victims, as provisions for quick and precise rescue of victims, volunteers need disaster management knowledge so that the rescue of disaster victims is helped and the rescue achieves the desired goals. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between motivation to become a volunteer and knowledge of disaster management in Surabaya. Methods: The research design was analytic observational with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique uses Probability Sampling using simple random sampling. The population of Surabaya volunteers with a sample technique using simple random sampling obtained a sample of 50 respondents. Instrument used a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rho test with a degree of significance ρ≤ 0.05 Results: The results showed that most respondents had high motivation to become volunteers. Most respondents had a good level of knowledge related to disaster management. And obtained a relationship between motivation to become a volunteer and knowledge of disaster management in Surabaya. From the statistical results of the Spearman rho test, it shows the value of r = 0.357 with a value of p = 0.011 Conclusions: The implication of this research is that high motivation makes it easy for volunteers to learn about disaster management science and vice versa

Into the Warm Zone: Essential Elements and Considerations for Developing Warm Zone Capabilities

In 2017, a scholarship funded study tour was undertaken to learn how agencies in the United States of America were addressing a capability gap in relation to accessing, treatment and rescue of victims located in the warm zone of Active Shooter Hostile Events. Since this initial trip a number of after action reports and reviews of such incidents have been released. This paper explores the key learnings from these events to establish several essential elements and important considerations for the development of multi-agency warm zone capabilities. The incidents looked at are the:
 
 2013 LAX Airport Active Shooter
 2015 San Bernardino Terrorist Attack
 2016 Pulse Nightclub Terrorist Attack
 2017 Las Vegas Mass Shooting