Rescue Evacuation Research Articles

The Short-Term Outcome of Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma with Mild Symptom: Case Series

A few reports have demonstrated the efficacy of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) alone for mildly symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH); however, the clinical course in the early posttreatment period remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the short-term outcomes of this technique at our center. This study was based on a retrospective analysis of a single-center consecutive case series. Patients with mildly symptomatic CSDH treated with MMAE alone between July 2020 and June 2022 were examined. Neurological examinations and head computed tomography scans were performed before treatment and 1, 7, 14, and 28days after treatment. The clinical course of the patients was analyzed. In particular, symptom improvement within 1week from treatment or rescue evacuation and the factors associated were evaluated. Fifteen patients were included in this study. No procedure-related complications occurred. Partial or complete recovery within the first week from treatment was observed in 10 cases (66.7%), and the symptoms resolved completely in a median of 26 (6.5-33.5) days. Rescue evacuation was needed in 3 cases (20.0%). The hematoma volume and midline shift gradually decreased from baseline, with a significant improvement within the first week (P= 0.030 and 0.0032, respectively). MMAE alone provides relatively early improvement in cases of mildly symptomatic CSDH and may be a potential alternative to surgical evacuation or medical therapy.

Pre-Disaster Retrofit Decisions for Sustainable Transportation Systems in Urban Areas

A transportation system is an important material base for implementing timely rescue and emergency evacuation after disasters in urban areas. In order to reduce disaster risks and develop sustainable transportation systems, it is important to improve their resilience and ensure their reliability. This paper mainly studies pre-disaster retrofit decisions for sustainable transportation systems in urban areas. As the optimization goal, pre-disaster retrofit costs and post-disaster restoration costs under constraints of post-disaster system connectivity, travel time reliability, and post-disaster link capacity are taken into account to construct a bi-level stochastic programming model. A method based on the simulated annealing algorithm and Frank–Wolfe algorithm is used to solve the problem. The case study shows that the calculation is quick, and the result is reasonable. The study result proves that the method proposed in this paper can provide an effective solution to such problems.

EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF EVACUATION AND RESCUE CONTAINER DURING THE EXERCISES OF THE BALTIC FLEET

A large number of people need medical care at sea, not only in war but also in peacetime. In terms of peaceful navigation, despite the improved reliability of vessels and the advancement of navigation techniques, shipwrecks and damage of the equipment occur which lead to the need for marine medical specialists to be provided with medical assistance and evacuated to the places of medical assistance. One of the factors of the success of medical care is the speedy transfer of the wounded and sick from the ship to the means of medical evacuation. However, the open sea dictates its difcult conditions in which it is necessary to transfer the injured. Aggravating factors, such as severe weather conditions, sea waves, design features of ships, can significantly affect the timeliness of medical care. The experience gained during the actual and training rescue operations strongly shows that rescue of people at sea is an extremely difcult and demanding task, the success of which requires constant readiness of the forces and means of the search and rescue service, as well as personnel involved in rescue operations. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using an evacuation rescue container for the transfer of wounded, sick, injured, cargo from ship to ship in the open sea. The article presents the result of the use of the container evacuation and rescue in the open sea. Rules for the use of evacuation and transport container and typical difculties that may arise in the transfer of the wounded (patient) with the use of this container are described.

Classification and Rapid Assessment of Subgrade Seismic Damage after Earthquake

As an important part of earthquake disaster relief, highway traffic system is the passage for rescue staffs, material transport and evacuation. Hence, people are concerned about destruction condition and safety of highways after earthquakes. However, there are neither systematically scientific methods to classify highway subgrade seismic damage, nor systematic study on its rapid evaluation methods. Therefore, the Paper studies post-seismic highway subgrade damage grade and rapid evaluation methods, to be as a significant reference for improving post-seismic emergency rescue and relief efficiency, as well as for recovering and reconstructing highway traffic system.

The Methods of Evaluation the Mobility of Off - Road Vehicles

The paper presents issues related to the evaluation methods of mobility engineering machinery. The issue of mobility is particularly important in terms of tasks and rescue evacuation during disasters and military applications. Currently used methods in evaluation of mobility are manual and they mainly serve to determine the accessibility of terrain for standard vehicles and the usefulness of those methods to access the mobility of special army vehicles is limited. Therefore there is a need to work out own methods to access the mobility of army vehicles in the inaccessible terrain.

Numerical simulation of flood inundation processes by 2D shallow water equations

In order to strengthen flood risk management in a river basin, to upgrade the capability of flood control, and to reduce the loss of lives and properties in urban areas, a numerical simulation model using 2D shallow water equations was proposed in this study. A satisfactory result has been obtained by applying the model in the Fuji River basin in central Japan. The result indicates that the numerical simulation model proposed can be adopted not only in the risk management of a river basin, but also in the study of real-time operations of rescue jobs and evacuation routes in a municipal region suffering from a serious flooding event.

Post-War Municipal Elections in Great Britain

The interest and significance of the postwar municipal elections held in Britain can best be appreciated if they are seen against wartime conditions on the one hand and the reconstruction tasks which confront local authorities on the other.In England, as elsewhere, local government was designed to promote the arts of peace. But for six years during World War II it was asked to shoulder burdens of the most formidable kind directly connected with the war effort. The decision to make local authorities responsible, under the guidance of the Ministry of Home Security and its regional commissioners, for the complex of functions comprised under civil defense was a momentous one. Never before in Britain or any other country had local authorities been asked to undertake a task of such magnitude and importance as that of providing air-raid shelters, wardens and fire-guard posts in almost every street, gas decontamination centers, light and heavy rescue squads, evacuation schemes, emergency feeding and reception centers for those rendered homeless by enemy air attack, furniture stores, rest homes, a first-aid repair service for houses, and various other items of this kind.The Ministry of Food placed heavy duties on both local-government officers and councilors in connection with food control and rationing; and local authorities provided cheap restaurants and canteens on a large scale. The Ministry of Fuel and Power drew largely on the resources of municipal administration in appointing local fuel overseers and their staffs for regulating the distribution and consumption of solid and liquid fuel.