Ergonomic Requirements Research Articles

Research on innovative design of intelligent wearable products based on human machine engineering and bionics

Designing intelligent wearable products entails integrating human factors, engineering, and bionics to develop ergonomic, efficient and convenient products. Human-machine engineering is a discipline that addresses the integration between the user wearing a particular system and improving the relationship between the user and the system. At the same time, bionics is an approach that aims to mimic biological systems and structures to enhance the performance of a particular product. This research explores the possibility of integrating these specializations to design new and enhanced wearable technology products with improved usability, convenience, and flexibility for practical usage. A detailed analysis of human biomechanics and ergonomic requirements established design parameters to ensure that wearable devices could be seamlessly integrated into daily life without hindering user movement. Bionic principles, such as the flexibility of animal joints and the energy-efficient movements of natural organisms, were applied to optimize the mechanical and structural aspects of the devices. This approach enabled the creation of products that mimic the natural dynamics of the human body, offering improved responsiveness and functionality. Prototypes were developed based on human-centred design principles and evaluated using simulation and testing environments. Wearables such as exoskeletons, bright clothing, and health-monitoring devices were examined for their ability to adapt to various physical conditions and environmental changes. Results demonstrate a significant increase in user comfort, reduction in mechanical strain, and enhanced performance, validating the effectiveness of integrating human-machine engineering and bionics in wearable design.

Evaluating ergonomic requirements of graphical user interface: A DEMATEL method integrating linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy rough numbers

Evaluating ergonomic requirements of graphical user interface: A DEMATEL method integrating linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy rough numbers

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PREPARING INFORMATICS TEACHERS FOR ERGONOMIC ACTIVITIES

Teachers of general educational institutions should act rationally based on the requirements of pedagogical ergonomics in order to increase the effectiveness of training and education, they should be fluent in all aspects of organizing a safe and comfortable educational process in an educational institution, they should be extremely responsible for their duties, they should have the qualities capable of ensuring the safety and comfort of the educational process.

ERGONOMIC AND LOGISTIC ENSURING THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COMFORT DURING THE ORGANIZATION OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION IN A SMALL-CAPACITY BUS

Purpose. The most important advantage of passenger transport by road is the high quality of transport service, which depends on the organization of the transport process, structural features and technical condition of the rolling stock used and the route, the development of the route network and other factors. Comfort reflects the properties of bus passenger transportation, which lead to the creation of the necessary service conditions and convenience for passengers in the bus, at the start-end and transit points on the basis of regulatory documents approved in the prescribed manner. Features of the design of small-capacity buses in terms of comfort and safety of passenger transportation and provision of proper travel conditions mostly determine the scope of use of buses of this class by types of connections and length of routes. The purpose of the paper is the development of a structural model, based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the determination of the comfort of a small-capacity bus for urban transportation during the transportation of passengers. Methods. The analysis of literary sources showed that indicators of comfort (as well as indicators of information service, speed, timeliness, safety of cargo, safety), which refer to indicators of the quality of passenger transportation, are decisive in this group of indicators. From the point of view of Ukrainian legislation and regulatory framework, the concepts of passenger bus capacity and comfort are analyzed. The main factors that determine the comfort of small-capacity buses for urban transportation during the transportation of passengers are determined. Ensuring the comfort of passenger transportation in a small-capacity city bus is determined by compliance with ergonomic requirements, which, in turn, depends on the design features of the arrangement of the area intended for passengers. Scientific novelty. It is proposed to evaluate the comfort category in the urban public road transport system using a structural model that combines two sets of factors – logistic and ergonomic. The logistic set of factors includes characteristics in time and space, that is, characteristics of comfort outside the means of urban public road transport. The ergonomic set of factors includes characteristics that describe comfort in vehicles. Practical significance. On the basis of this model, possible ways of ensuring ergonomic requirements for the layout of the interior and interior of small-capacity buses for urban passenger transportation are proposed. It was established that the main factors of the redistribution of transport mobility between urban passenger transport and transport for individual use are the insufficient comfort of passenger transport or the insufficient density of the route network.

OPTIMIZATION OF LOADING AND UNLOADING WORKS AND PLACEMENT OF TARED AND PIECE CARGOES IN VEHICLES AND WAREHOUSES USING THE METHODS OF ERGONOMICS AND THEORY OF SYSTEMS

Purpose. The tasks of optimizing the placement of tared and piece cargoes (or the task of loading) in a limited volume (capacity) are typical for cases of loading with tared and piece cargoes (mainly large-sized) of transport containers, car bodies, ship holds in the merchant fleet, transport aircraft, railway wagons, areas of the warehouse complex. At the same time, the safe and efficient performance of loading and unloading operations with tared and piece cargoes, including large-sized ones, in a limited space is directly related to taking into account the requirements and using ergonomic methods. The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for the optimization of the placement of tared and piece cargoes (or about loading) in a limited volume (capacity), which is used to select a subset of cargo units with the maximum relative utility, while observing the limit on the total volume (or mass) of cargo. Methods. The analysis of literary sources made it possible to establish that for modeling and solving the problem of optimizing the placement of cargo (or loading) in a limited volume (capacity), it is rational to use one of the exact solution methods (dynamic programming method), the number of stages of which is the number of types of cargo. The work uses the method of dynamic programming, methods of theory of systems, and linear optimization. Results. The article presents a mathematical model of the problem of optimal placement of tared and piece cargoes (or about loading) in a limited volume, and for the case of placing weapons, ammunition, weapons, it is proposed to maximize not the function of the total cost (value) of the cargo, but the function that would take into account the relative usefulness of each cargo. The relative usefulness of each cargo is proposed to be determined by expert methods of systems theory, for example, the Delphi method, which is well formalized and suitable for computer processing of results. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty consists in the development of a mathematical model that allows solving the problem of optimal placement of container loads (or loading) in a limited volume, and the target function of the optimization model is proposed to be the total relative usefulness of the cargo. Practical significance. Defined ergonomic requirements for cargo operations with tared and piece cargoes in a limited space (vehicles, warehouses). A method of numerical calculation based on the model is proposed (the case of loading a car body with tared and piece cargoes). In further research, the obtained results will be used for computer simulation according to the developed model using the Solver tool of Microsoft Excel.

Functional optimization of the design of adaptive furniture to improve the accessibility and comfort of people with impaired musculosical system

In today's world, there is a growing need to create an inclusive environment that meets the needs of people with limited mobility. This applies not only to architecture and public spaces at the level of macro- and meso-ergonomics, but also to adaptive furniture at the level of micro-ergonomics. The study is devoted to the formalization of a number of requirements for the modeling of adaptive furniture for people with musculoskeletal disorders. Particular attention is paid to aspects in the development of furniture that not only provide comfort, safety and functionality, but also represent an aesthetically pleasing design that contributes to the integration of ASPA into the social environment. Ergonomic requirements are considered, taking into account the anthropometric and biomechanical features of such users with the help of digital models (DHM). Using DHM, you can study the interaction of users with furniture, simulate different scenarios of their use, and evaluate the parameters of the quality of comfort and safety. It has been established that the integration of DHM with modern three-dimensional modeling technologies allows optimizing furniture designs, making them maximally adapted to the needs of ASPA. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for designing adaptive furniture, which ensures an increase in the standard of living of users thanks to individually configured ergonomic. In order for ASPAs to be able to work comfortably and productively, the projected development of the interpenetration of modern technical innovations in this field with the subsequent unification in a separate direction of designing inclusive furniture and equipment, with the division into separate groups for different types of disabilities, becomes quite relevant.

Indicators Affecting the Strengthening of Mental Activity Among University Students Authors

This article deals with the issue of enhancing the mental activity of students of higher educational institutions during their professional training. We tried to clarify the content of the concept of "mental activity of university students", determine and experimentally investigate the factors influencing its activation. These factors include the humanization and psychologization of the educational process at the university, the creation of a safe socio-psychological environment at the university, the provision of a health-preserving focus of the educational process and the compliance with ergonomic requirements for it, the organization of training students in a cooperation mode and the use of innovative methods and technologies in the classroom that activate the mental activity of students.

Design and Driving Performance Study of Soft Actuators for Hand Rehabilitation Training.

To address the application requirements of soft actuators in rehabilitation training gloves, and in combination with ergonomic requirements, we designed a segmented soft actuator with bending and elongation modules. This actuator can achieve independent or coupled movements of the finger joints. A finite element model of the joint actuator was established to compare the driving performance of actuators with different structural forms. Numerical calculations were used to analyze the effects of structural size parameters on the bending characteristics and end output force of the actuator. The design was then refined based on these analyses. The joint actuator designed in this study demonstrated a 71% increase in bending angle compared to the standard fast pneumatic network structure. Key factors affecting the driving performance include the thickness of the constraint layer, the inner wall thickness of the chamber, chamber height, chamber width, chamber spacing, chamber length, and the number of chambers. After improvements, the bending angle of the joint actuator increased by 60.6%, and the output force increased by 145.9%, indicating significant improvement. This study designed and improved a soft actuator for hand rehabilitation training, achieving independent and coupled joint movements. The bending angle, bending shape, and joint driving force of the soft actuator meet the requirements for finger rehabilitation training.

Usability of VR-Systems in Cross-Cultural Product Development: A Case Study

Software tools have become essential in contemporary product development. It is now commonplace to use computer-aided design (CAD) for designing and the finite element method (FEM) for confirming structural integrity. Since the year 2016, virtual reality (VR) has gained importance as a novel software tool in development departments, a compound growth of US$3.6B to over US$40B to date. Although VR is already used in design reviews, it is yet to be fully integrated into other areas. However, to increase acceptance, it is particularly important for new, versatile software tools to allow widespread use throughout the entire development process. To broaden the application spectrum of VR, this paper presents a hetero-cultural case study that shows how VR can support distributed development teams in identifying and then verifying ergonomic requirements. The test groups consist of students from Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences and Tshwane University of Technology. Once the case study concludes, proposals for forthcoming measures to further develop and utilize VR systems in the area of requirement identification will be created, and cultural discrepancies identified, including harmonies.

FEATURES OF DESIGNING A MODERN OFFICE SPACE, ITS EQUIPMENT AND FURNITURE

The aim of the study is to identify the main factors, modern approaches and methods of creating a comfortable office space based on the analysis of modern domestic and foreign experience in designing this type of premises.
 Methodology. Critical analysis of scientific sources on the research topic, normative and reference literature, comparative analysis of advanced domestic and foreign experience in office interior design, and a synthesis of the research results have been used in the study.
 Results. Historical aspects of the development of offices and modern trends in the interior design of this type of premises are considered. The main factors of creating a comfortable office space are identified: design in accordance with modern ergonomic requirements; implementation of aesthetic principles of interior design, effective functional and planning organisation. The ergonomic criteria for workplace organisation are presented, and the main aspects of office ergonomics are highlighted. Based on the analysis of modern design experience, approaches and techniques of artistic and aesthetic, functional and planning solutions for office spaces are identified. In particular, rational planning that combines common communication spaces with individual workstations, artistic and aesthetic solutions with balanced colour palette and accents, optimal lighting and modern ergonomic equipment are becoming integral components of an effective modern office space.
 The scientific novelty lies in determining the main factors in creating a comfortable office space based on the analysis of modern interior design practice for this type of premises, identifying current trends, approaches and techniques for creating the office interior, which is a further contribution to the development of research on office environment design.
 The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their application by designers and employers when designing office interiors.

Human Factors Design and Evaluation of China’s Space Manipulator Teleoperation System

Space manipulators are important for the assembly, construction, operation, and maintenance of space stations. To ensure that the manipulator system on the China Space Station (CSS) is user-friendly, the human factors engineering team has carried out extensive studies on the human factors design and evaluation of the space manipulator teleoperation system from three aspects: the technical process, research on ergonomic requirements, and ergonomic evaluation. This article systematically combs the technical process and index system of the human factors design and requirements research on CSS manipulator teleoperation system, which has guided the optimization of space manipulator engineering. This article expounds the research work on ergonomic requirements and suggestions related to manipulator teleoperation through experimental research on cognitive characteristics and human factors in display and control interfaces. We focus on human factors experimental research for camera type and handle polarity, and a recommended scheme for camera display and handle polarity has been screened out accordingly. Finally, the human-in-the-loop ergonomic evaluation method is demonstrated with a cooperative manual control task. The research results have facilitated the human factors design and optimization improvement of the space manipulator manipulator system, and have contributed significantly to the safe and smooth completion of astronaut extravehicular activities on the CSS.

A design project of rehabilitation board game for people with visuospatial dysgnosia

The article presents the concept of a rehabilitation board game for people with visuospatial dysgnosia. The functional purpose of gaming technology design is based on an ergonomic approach to ensuring safety for game elements, taking into account the psychophysical state of the patient. The artistic and graphic concept of the presented design project of a rehabilitation board game exposes and complements the engineering part of the project, in which the game elements are determined by the specifics of the topic and ergonomic requirements.

Analytical and computer modeling of surfaces with the curvilinear projection method

The article discusses the shaping of surfaces by analytical methods and their visualization by means of computer graphics. This topic attracts the attention of architects, engineers and mechanical scientists, for whom it is important to see the surfaces in the structures of machines for various purposes and in the forms of structures, to approximate complex surfaces with simpler ones - analytical ones; choose a rational form of the shell from several options, taking into account the functional, technological and ergonomic requirements for the product. The purpose of the work is to study the methods of formation of surface shapes. The research method is the general analytical theory of applied surface shaping, which meets modern requirements for the use of computer technology. In this paper, parametric equations of the cyclic surface of Joachimsthal are obtained, the possibilities of shaping such surfaces, which are recommended for practical use, are shown. Using examples of visualization of surfaces by means of computer graphics (Maple program), the use of analytical models is shown, which makes it possible to quickly and reliably assess the constructive and aesthetic qualities of the shell in scientific research, design, and manufacture. The ways of developing an analytical apparatus are determined, which allows modeling the process of curvilinear projection and the formation of surfaces as a system of projecting rays passing through a given surface projection. The purposeful choice of the parametric form of analytical modeling of surfaces contributes to the direct use of models in automated design systems, pre-production systems and in modern computer graphics packages (Kompas 3D, Renga, Revit, Ansys, Lira Sapr, Scad, etc.).

Industrial Ergonomic Application of Preventing Repetitive Strain Injury to Optimize Work Productivity

Working with excessive repetitive motions experiencing pain is called repetitive strain injury (RSI). Pain is the result of over-moving muscles, nerves, ligaments and tendons. With the occurrence of pain it makes work productivity not optimal. To prevent repetitive strain injuries, it is necessary to make ergonomic adjustments at work. This scientific writing method uses descriptive literature studies. The main purpose of this paper is to understand the ergonomic requirements so as to prevent repetitive strain injury. With repetitive strain injury (RSI) can be prevented with an ergonomic approach, then productivity will be optimal

Structure design and analysis of upper limb wearable passive power-assisted exoskeleton robot

The upper limb exoskeleton robot has been a key research direction at home and abroad in recent years. Still, the existing upper limb exoskeleton robot has poor coupling with the human body, and the power assistance effect could be better. In this paper, the strength of each muscle group of the upper limb when the human body is carrying objects is measured as reflected by the surface EMG signal of the human body, and the human kinematics is analyzed to guide the design of the passive exoskeleton robot of the upper limb. First, the spring tension and compression system model is established for the upper limb of the human body. The model is statically analyzed, the forces and moments on each joint are calculated, and each muscle’s actual output data when carrying objects is estimated. Based on the muscle kinematics model, a passive upper limb exoskeleton robot is designed. The robot is divided into three modules, namely, the arm module, shoulder module, and back module, using ergonomics and modular design ideas. The energy storage module and joint degree of freedom of the exoskeleton are analyzed to ensure that the exoskeleton meets the requirements of ergonomics, and the key components are checked and simulated. The results show that the designed upper limb wearable passive power-assisted exoskeleton robot meets the strength requirements, which verifies the rationality of the structure design.

"TechnoMIG" — the project for the formation of media information literacy

The article discusses the possibilities of using technoparks of universal pedagogical competencies and "Quantoriums" of pedagogical universities to create conditions for the formation of media information literacy of students, parents and teachers. Media information literacy implies the ability to work with information using information and communication technologies in solving cognitive, communicative and organizational problems in compliance with the requirements of ergonomics, safety, hygiene, resource conservation, legal and ethical standards, and information security standards. The article describes the comprehensive project "TechnoMIG" on the formation of media information literacy, implemented at three levels of training: "TechnoMIG START" — for students of 1–6th grades, "TechnoMIG MASTER" — for students of 7–11th grades, "TechnoMIG EXPERT" — for parents and teachers. Examples of possible educational activities carried out within the framework of the project are given in the article.

The research of the classification of ergonomic parameters and movements of a woman's raincoat in dynamics

Today, there is a very high demand for women's raincoats in the market of Kazakhstan. One of the important requirements for raincoats are ergonomic requirements. Currently, the lack of clear literature systematized recommendations for the study of ergonomic requirements of raincoats is the main and relevant for solving in full in this ergonomic study of the raincoat. The article considers the study of classifications of ergonomic requirements and movements of a woman's raincoat in dynamics. In the course of the study, a marketing analysis was conducted, that is, a survey. The differentiation of the main body movements of women and the frequency of occurrence of the main body movements performed by consumers in the course of their activities is carried out. As a result, three main types of movements in dynamics were identified. The images of the presented poses № 1, № 9, № 16 in three environments and significant dimensional features that change during movement, affecting the design of clothing, are revealed. According to the selected dimensional characteristics, the difference between static and dynamic features, i.e. the dynamic effect, is calculated. The values of dynamic effects in absolute and relative units and the values of the application, the increase in free fit were also determined. In this regard, the studied dynamics criteria and the increase in free fit were based on the construction of a new model of a women's raincoat.

The Interaction of Ergonomic and Anthropometric Factors in Occasional Chair Design for Elderly Malaysians

This research focuses on furniture ergonomics, specifically the occasional chair for elderly Malaysian. An ergonomics study in furniture design is essential to ensure its full functionality meets user satisfaction. The design must comfort the end user and reduce the risk of injury. Additionally, different ergonomic requirements must be considered depending on the age and environment of the user. As a result, to avoid injury and provide comfort to users, this study prioritises ergonomics chair design for a group of users in Malaysia, the elderly aged 60 and above. This study proposes a new design to meet the ergonomics requirements of elderly users. The vital need to meet comfort and reduce injuries for the elderly can be met through the study of ergonomics for the elderly, which can be applied to products in the future. The researcher has set the design parameter according to the anthropometric data from the Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association (BIFMA) standards. The assessment outcomes determine the ergonomic dimension requirements to provide comfort and safety. The suggested dimensions when through the simulation ergonomics analysis. The result shows that the new recommended dimensions comply with the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). In conclusion, ergonomic design needs for the elderly due to lacking physical and mental strength.

ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ТЕХНІЧНИХ ТА ДИЗАЙНЕРСЬКИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ДО СПІЛЬНОЇ ДИЗАЙН-ЕРГОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕКСПЕРТИЗИ ТВОРЧИХ ТЕХНІЧНИХ ПРОЄКТІВ

This research is devoted to the methodology of involving applicants of higher education in the analysis of the convenience and comfort of using electrical devices for their intended purpose from the point of view of design and ergonomic requirements for the design of voltage frequency converters for various purposes. The authors of the research developed and conducted a set of practical tasks on the course «Ergonomics and Fundamentals of Ergodesign», which includes conducting design and ergonomic expertise of production systems, in particular electrical devices. At the final stage of training, experimental research was conducted among students of the speciality «Design» and students of the speciality «Electrical Engineering», who were involved in the design and ergonomic expertise of voltage frequency converters. During the research, it was found that students of different specialities preferred different designs and ergonomic parameters of these devices. This is due to the distinctive features of their future professional activities. All participants of the experiment summed up that high-quality design and ergonomic expertise can only be carried out in cooperation with experts of various specialities.

A Survey to Identify Screen Test Usage by Certified Orthoptists Across the United States of America

ABSTRACT Purpose To ascertain the use of screen tests for assessing strabismus under binocular viewing conditions by certified orthoptist colleagues around the United States of America. Methods A link to an online survey was distributed to all 440 registered members of the American Association of Certified Orthoptists in early 2022. A total of 135 certified orthoptists responded. Results Of the 135 respondents, 51% were from a public practice, 36% were private practice and 13% from a mixture of both. A large proportion of respondents did not use binocular screen tests to measure strabismus such as the Lancaster red/green test (85%) or Hess screen test (93%), although one respondent reported using the Harms screen test. Most respondents reported using single or double Maddox rods (75%), synoptophore (44%) and prisms (14%) in their practice to quantify strabismus clinically. Conclusion There is limited use of screen tests in private and public practice in the USA. The ergonomic requirements of such tests are prohibitive to their implementation in modern clinical practice.