Network Design Requirements Research Articles

Designing a multi-objective closed-loop supply chain for multi-period multi-generational products with social impacts considerations

This paper assesses a multi-period closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) for making strategic and operational decisions in multi-generation applications. For this purpose, joint decisions on network design, inventory control, production planning, pricing, supplier selection, and service level requirements are determined along with the forward flows of the supply chain. Besides, a segmentation policy is proposed for disassembling and recovering the different quality grades of returned products. All the raised issues have become more challengeable when an inner competition on coexistence goes up between the incumbent and new generations. Accordingly, this paper attempts to bridge the gaps in the literature by proposing a bi-objective mathematical model that involves a demand function with the integration of price drop effects, marketing efforts, and technology desirability to tackle trade-offs decisions between multiple generations. This research aims to simultaneously optimize the total profit and social benefits. To solve the problem, first, the ε-constraint method has been applied to transform the bi-objective problem into a single objective. Then, as a great deal to solve the complex mixed-integer non-linear program model, an outer approximation algorithm is applied based on approximation, relaxation, and decomposition. Finally, a case example in a mobile phone CLSC problem has been investigated to validate the proposed model and provide managerial insights.

Private 5G networks: a survey on enabling technologies, deployment models, use cases and research directions.

Today's modern enterprises are adjusting to new realities of connectivity. As companies become more distributed and autonomous, emerging applications demand more bandwidth, low latency, more spectrum, and higher reliability. 5G technology can aid many industries or enterprises to make quicker and better business decisions. Private 5G networks, also called 5G Non-Public Networks (5G-NPN), is a 3GPP-based standalone 5G network positioned for a particular enterprise or use case that delivers dedicated network access. It sets to transform industry landscapes with networks capable of rapidly deploying modern use cases and the scalability to meet constantly increasing demands of data capacity and speed. They help generate more revenue for operators who can partner with enterprises to build and manage networks on-premise or in the cloud. The objective of this work is to offer a thorough summary of private 5G networks to assist academicians, researchers, and network developers to quickly grasp their functionalities without needing to go through the standards, specifications, or documentation. This paper discusses various key private 5G network design goals and requirements, examines its deployment scenarios, and explores spectrum considerations and security aspects. The paper presents several enterprise use cases to illuminate how the networks can deliver the demands and services expected by the industries. It also provides an overview of some of the open-source projects considered by various organizations for private network deployment. Finally, several research directions are introduced, emphasizing enterprise challenges to deploying 5G networks.

Networked control system with MANET communication and AODV routing

The industries are presently exploring the use of wired and wireless systems for control, automation, and monitoring. The primary benefit of wireless technology is that it reduces the installation cost, in both money and labor terms, as companies already have a significant investment in wiring. The research article presents the work on the analysis of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) in a wireless real-time communication medium for a Networked Control System (NCS), and determining whether the simulated behavior is significant for a plant or not. The behavior of the MANET is analyzed for Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) that maintenances communication among 150 nodes for NCS. The simulation is carried out in Network Simulator (NS2) software with different nodes cluster to estimate the network throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and control overhead. The benefit of MANET is that it has a fixed topology, which permits flexibility since mobile devices may be used to construct ad-hoc networks anywhere, scalability because more nodes can be added to the network, and minimal operating expenses in that no original infrastructure needs to be developed. AODV routing is a flat routing system that does not require central routing nodes. As the network grows in size, the network can be scaled to meet the network design and configuration requirements. AODV is flexible to support different configurations and topological nodes in dynamic networks because of its versatility. The advantage of such network simulation and routing behavior provides the future direction for the researchers who are working towards the embedded hardware solutions for NCS, as the hardware complexity depends on the delay, throughput, and PDR.

Analysis of Network Slicing for Management of 5G Networks Using Machine Learning Techniques

Consumer expectations and demands for quality of service (QoS) from network service providers have risen as a result of the proliferation of devices, applications, and services. An exceptional study is being conducted by network design and optimization experts. But despite this, the constantly changing network environment continues to provide new issues that today’s networks must be dealt with effectively. Increased capacity and coverage are achieved by joining existing networks. Mobility management, according to the researchers, is now being investigated in order to make the previous paradigm more flexible, user-centered, and service-centric. Additionally, 5G networks provide higher availability, extremely high capacity, increased stability, and improved connection, in addition to quicker speeds and less latency. In addition to being able to fulfil stringent application requirements, the network infrastructure must be more dynamic and adaptive than ever before. Network slicing may be able to meet the present stringent application requirements for network design, if done correctly. The current study makes use of sophisticated fuzzy logic to create algorithms for mobility and traffic management that are as flexible as possible while yet maintaining high performance. Ultimately, the purpose of this research is to improve the quality of service provided by current mobility management systems while also optimizing the use of available network resources. Building SDN (Software-Defined Networking) and NFV (Network Function Virtualization) technologies is essential. Network slicing is an architectural framework for 5G networks that is intended to accommodate a variety of different networks. In order to fully meet the needs of various use cases on the network, network slicing is becoming more important due to the increasing demand for data rates, bandwidth capacity, and low latency.

Inphasing Signal Component Separation for an X-Band Outphasing Power Amplifier

This work investigates signal component separator design for an RF-input outphasing power amplifier (RFIO PA). In the RFIO architecture, the phase- and amplitude-modulated input signals to the outphasing power stage are realized using a nonlinear “inphasing” network, resulting in an outphasing system that operates on a single RF input. Previous RFIO work has demonstrated the feasibility of this approach, but the combined nonlinear effects of the inphasing and outphasing networks have resulted in overall poor linearity. In this work, we use a simplified transistor model to predict the inphasing network design requirements, and then compare three nonlinear components to synthesize the required transfer function. An $X$ -band monolithic microwave-integrated circuit (MMIC) in 150-nm GaN is used as the output stage, and its operation is characterized for hybrid inphasing networks based on three different technologies: diode-connected HEMT, p-i-n diode, and nonlinear GaN mesa resistor. The RFIO PA with mesa resistor inphasing network achieves a linearity-efficiency compromise with −27.9 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) and 29% PAE at an average output power of 27.7 dBm for a 100-MHz long-term evolution (LTE) signal with 7.9 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) centered at 10 GHz.

Design of Neural Network Model and its Application to Coating Performance Prediction

316L stainless steel has excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. It is used as a medical implant material, but it is susceptible to pitting corrosion to precipitate harmful ions and lead to the failure of the material. To solve the above problems, the surface modification method is used to solve it, and it is now widely accepted. Among them, magnetron sputtering technology has been widely used because of its advantages such as good adhesion and other advantages. The parameters of the RF magnetron sputtering process have a great influence on the performance of the coating, and the influence of each parameter has a non-linear mapping ability. The artificial neural network is used to build a model to predict the performance of the coating. It is highly targeted and practical. The establishment of artificial neural network is a prediction model from sputtering process parameters to coating performance, which can save pre-research time and improve work efficiency. The establishment of artificial neural network uses the strong nonlinear mapping ability of artificial neural network, combined with the measured value of Hf-based coating performance to establish a model to predict the effect of Hf-based coating sputtering process parameters on the performance of the coating. The simulation results indicate the prediction The error between the value and the measured value meets the BP network design requirements ≤0.3.

Delay Analysis in Full-Duplex Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) as a combination of macro cells and small cells are used to increase the cellular network's capacity, and present a perfect solution for high-speed communications. Increasing area spectrum efficiency and capacity of HetNets largely depends on the high speed of backhaul links. One effective way that is currently utilized in HetNets is the use of full-duplex (FD) technology that potentially doubles the spectral efficiency without the need for additional spectrum. On the other hand, one of the most critical network design requirements is delay, which is a key representation of the quality of service in modern cellular networks. In this paper, by utilizing tools from the stochastic geometry, we analyze the local delay for downlink channel, which is typically defined as the mean number of required time slots for a successful communication. Given imperfect self-interference cancellation in practical FD communications, we utilize duplex mode (half-duplex (HD) or FD) for each user based on the distance from its serving base station. Further, we aim to investigate the energy efficiency for both duplexing modes, i.e., HD and FD, by considering local delay. We conduct extensive simulations to validate system performance in terms of local delay versus different system key parameters.

Network design requirements for disaster resilience in IaaS clouds

Many corporations rely on disaster recovery schemes to keep their computing and network services running after unexpected situations, such as natural disasters and attacks. As corporations migrate their infrastructure to the cloud using the infrastructure as a service model, cloud providers need to offer disaster-resilient services. This article provides guidelines to design a data center network infrastructure to support a disaster- resilient infrastructure as a service cloud. These guidelines describe design requirements, such as the time to recover from disasters, and allow the identification of important domains that deserve further research efforts, such as the choice of data center site locations and disasterresilient virtual machine placement.

Low-carbon Closed-loop Logistics Network Design based on Interval Number Multi-attribute Decision and Queuing Theory

In order to solve closed-loop logistics network design problem in the low-carbon economic environment, in this paper, queuing theory is used to calculate the amount of storage of reverse logistics nodes and interval number is used to describe the uncertainty of the logistics network, a bi-objectives logistics network design model which minimum the total cost and carbon emissions of logistics network is established, the solving idea based on interval-number multiple attribute decision theory is proposed, solving algorithm based on genetic algorithm is designed. The feasibility of the model and solution algorithm is verified through case analysis; this method can meet the low-carbon closed-loop logistics network design requirements under uncertainty conditions.

Model Complexities and Requirements for Multimodal Transport Network Design

In the aim for a more sustainable transport system, governments try to stimulate multimodal trip making by facilitating smooth transfers between modes. The assessment of related multimodal policy measures requires transport models that are capable of handling the complex nature of multimodality. This complexity sets requirements for adequate modeling of multimodal travel behavior and can be categorized into three classes that are related to the range and combinatorial complexity of the available alternatives, the mathematical complexity of modeling the choice between them, and the complex effect of demand–supply interactions. Classical modeling approaches typically fail to meet these requirements and state-of-the-practice approaches only partly fulfill them. Therefore, the underlying hypothesis of this study was that the application of such models in network design implied an ill-advised decision-making process. Thus, these modeling approaches, as well as the promising state-of-the-research supernetwork approach, were conceptually compared with each other. Requirements for multimodality were constructed, and all three models were tested on the way in which these requirements can be met. The findings of this conceptual comparison were supported by realistic examples in the real-world transport network of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area in the Netherlands. The theoretical shortcomings of the classical and state-of-the-practice approach were shown to indeed result in implausible predictions of multimodal travel behavior. The flexibility of the supernetwork approach, however, was very capable of describing the expected effect of supply changes on travel behavior in most situations. This study illustrates the urgency for applying sound multimodal modeling approaches in network design studies.

Analisa dan Perancangan Jaringan Berbasis VPN Pada PT. Finroll

Along with the development of the company to run operations such as data communication and perform other transactions to relations and vice versa, PT Finroll just uses the public network such as sending email to their partners. Data information is not safe in public because it can be tapped or intercepted by unauthorized person. With the Virtual Private Network (VPN), PT Finroll can do business in secure environment to their partners. The methodologies used in this research are data collection that was started by surveying, interviewing, and analyzing the current network topology, performance and design requirements that support network design. From these results, PT Finroll can increase productivity and performance from competition in their business. In addition, with this research company has a better ability to increase their competitiveness in present and the future.

Networks that optimize a trade-off between efficiency and dynamical resilience

In this Letter we study networks that have been optimized to realize a trade-off between communication efficiency and dynamical resilience. While the first is related to the average shortest pathlength, we argue that the second can be measured by the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of the network. Best efficiency is realized in star-like configurations, while enhanced resilience is related to the avoidance of short loops and degree homogeneity. Thus crucially, very efficient networks are not resilient while very resilient networks lack in efficiency. Networks that realize a trade-off between both limiting cases exhibit core-periphery structures, where the average degree of core nodes decreases but core size increases as the weight is gradually shifted from a strong requirement for efficiency and limited resilience towards a smaller requirement for efficiency and a strong demand for resilience. We argue that both, efficiency and resilience are important requirements for network design and highlight how networks can be constructed that allow for both.

IP over optical cross-connect architectures [Topics in Optical Communications

IP over optical network architectures have been extensively discussed within the research literature over the past few years. However, although signaling protocols between IP routers and optical cross-connect networks have been standardized, large IP backbones are not typically deployed over optical cross-connect networks with automatic reconfigurability features, such as automatic restoration or dynamic establishment of new IP links. One of the most important criteria in determining whether an IP backbone should be carried over such an optical cross-connect network is economic viability. In this article we analyze and explore four architectures for a typical large ISP backbone. In contrast with some other published claims, our results suggest it is more economically attractive to bypass an intermediate cross-connect network, given current equipment and IP backbone network design requirements. However, for ISPs who also provide a large volume of private line services, we propose an integrated architecture for IP over optical cross-connect networks that may provide an attractive alternative for providing rapid and cost-effective restoration from network failures

Network and Communication Design of a Work Zone Intelligent Transportation System

Road construction on major freeways is a primary cause of traffic incidents and delays. One approach to improve traffic mobility and safety in construction work zones is to use intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), which can effectively enhance work zone traffic management through advanced surveillance and communication technologies. Although conceptually similar to a traditional advanced traffic management system, a work zone ITS has unique network and communication design requirements. The Palm Beach County, Florida, Interim Traffic Management System (ITMS) was a work zone ITS that was successfully deployed in the summer of 2003. Using Palm Beach County ITMS as an example, this paper provides technical guidelines for applying cutting-edge technologies, such as wireless communication, video compression, and Internet protocol encapsulation, in designing a work zone ITS.

Network and Communication Design of a Work Zone Intelligent Transportation System

Road construction on major freeways is a primary cause of traffic incidents and delays. One approach to improve traffic mobility and safety in construction work zones is to use intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), which can effectively enhance work zone traffic management through advanced surveillance and communication technologies. Although conceptually similar to a traditional advanced traffic management system, a work zone ITS has unique network and communication design requirements. The Palm Beach County, Florida, Interim Traffic Management System (ITMS) was a work zone ITS that was successfully deployed in the summer of 2003. Using Palm Beach County ITMS as an example, this paper provides technical guidelines for applying cutting-edge technologies, such as wireless communication, video compression, and Internet protocol encapsulation, in designing a work zone ITS.

Network Design for Personalized Public Transit Service

Network design requirements for personalized public transit service are presented. This concept involves diverting buses from their fixed routes to pick up passengers in the vicinity of the route. The software developed for the Dallas Area Rapid Transit to implement this concept is also discussed. A Dallas bus route is used as the case study. The service corridor is defined to be one-third of a mile on each side of the route. The software uses the real-time bus location and the schedule adherence data from a satellite-based vehicle locator system. Once it is determined that a given service request can be filled, the program generates the best diversion path and the estimated time of arrival to the caller’s location. The software includes modules for logging incoming calls for service, identifying passenger locations, assessing feasibility of providing service, determining the best diversion path for passenger pickup, and assessing the effect of the diversion on the schedule. The network database includes street geometry (nodes and links); link volumes, capacities, and free-flow speeds; node turning prohibitions; bus stop and timepoint locations; and route schedule including available schedule slacks.

DISTRIBUTED DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORKS FOR REAL-TIME PROCESS CONTROL

The paper deals with the performance analysis of network access protocols for distributed data communication and control systems (DDCCS) in chemical and processing plants. The selection of an appropriate data highway protocol is an important step in the DDCCS network design for large-scale processes because the real-time feedback control loops are subject to time-varying delays resulting from data latencies and possible mis-synchronism between system components. SAE token ring, SAE linear token bus, and MIL-STD-1553B protocols have been analyzed in view of the DDCCS network design requirements. The results of closed loop control system simulations are presented to demonstrate how data latency generated by the network access protocols could degrade the dynamic performance of the controlled process.