Requests For Action Research Articles

The European Union assessments of radiofrequency radiation health risks- another hard nut to crack (Review).

In 2017 an article was published on the unwillingness of the WHO to acknowledge the health effects associated with the use of wireless phones. It was thus stated thatthe WHO is 'A Hard Nut to Crack'. Since then, there has been no progress, and history seems to be repeating in that the European Union (EU) is following in the blind man's footsteps created by the WHO. Despite increasing evidence of serious negative effects from radiofrequency radiation on human health and the environment, the EU has not acknowledged that there are any risks. Since September 2017, seven appeals by scientists and medical doctors have been sent to the EU requesting a halt to the roll-out of the fifth generation of wireless communication (5G). The millimeter waves (MMW) and complex waveforms of 5G contribute massively harmful additions to existing planetary electromagnetic pollution. Fundamental rights and EU primary law make it mandatory for the EU to protect the population, especially children, from all kinds of harmful health effects of wireless technology. However, several experts associated with the WHO andthe EU have conflicts of interest due to their ties to industry. The subsequent prioritizing of economic interests is resulting in human and planetary health being compromised. Experts must make an unbiased evaluation with no conflicts of interest. The seven appeals to the EU have included requests for immediate protective action, which have been ignored. On the issue of wireless radiation and the health ofcitizens, the EU seems to be another hard nut to crack.

Rheumatology congresses post COVID-19: we cannot regress.

Rheumatology congresses post COVID-19: we cannot regress.

하도급법상 입찰참가자격제한 등 요청결정의 처분성과 회사분할시 제재사유의 승계에 관하여

In the event of a company split, the Supreme Court ruled on April 27, 2023, regarding whether a new company or surviving company can be subject to sanctions (hereinafter referred to as “sanctions”), such as a request for restrictions on eligibility to participate in bidding, and restrictions on eligibility to participate in bidding. The target judgment was that the Fair Trade Commission (hereinafter referred to as the “Fair Trade Commission”) decided to limit the eligibility to participate in the bidding and request suspension for the company's violation of the Subcontracting Act. This is based on the subcontracting law's imposition of penalty points and the legal nature of the request decision, the status of accumulated penalty points, the company division process, the content of the split plan, the identity of the business sector transferred to the new company. The target judgment identifies the legal nature, requirements, and effects of the FTC's request for corrective action, penalty points, and bidding qualification under the Subcontracting Act, and reveals the meaning of public law rights and obligations transferred to the split company. The target judgment is also useful in that it can set a standard to distinguish between cases where public law obligations are specified enough to succeed and cases where there is no room for succession by comparing and considering the succession of reasons for restricting bidding participation. However, it is important to note that the reasons for the decision to request restrictions on bidding participation and whether or not to succeed to the reasons for restrictions on bidding participation depend on the provisions and facts of the relevant disposition. The target judgment is also meaningful in that it clarified the meaning of the disposition as the subject of an appeal suit in relation to the interim decision by confirming the disposition of the request decision on January 12, 2023 and February 2, 2022, such as the imposition of penalty points by the Fair Trade Commission and restrictions on bidding participation. Despite the target judgment, there are still a lot of things to be clarified about the meaning of the status under the public law transferred according to the division of the company, including the succession of reasons for sanctions, so follow-up research and discussion should be continued.

Requests for concrete actions in interaction

Abstract In this study, we examine how support workers produce requests for concrete actions and, in this way, manage client participation in mental health rehabilitation. Drawing on Finnish rehabilitation group meetings as data and on conversation analysis, we examine how support workers design their requests for concrete action from clients, how clients respond, and how support workers deal with clients’ responses. The results reveal that support workers tend to use verbs indicating willingness when implementing their requests, whereas clients resort to the modality of possibility. By orienting to willingness, the support workers invoke clients’ sense of responsibility to contribute to group activities and simultaneously avoid questioning their capabilities. On the other hand, clients orient toward the underlying assumptions of social responsibility rather than to their own personal preferences. To conclude, our study demonstrates how support workers address the dilemma of increasing client participation and showing respect for client self-determination.

Predict the priority of end-users’ maintenance requests and the required technical staff through LSTM and Bi-LSTM recurrent neural networks

PurposeThis paper aims to develop predictive methods, based on recurrent neural networks, useful to support facility managers in building maintenance tasks, by collecting information coming from a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS).Design/methodology/approachThis study applies data-driven and text-mining approaches to a CMMS data set comprising more than 14,500 end-users’ requests for corrective maintenance actions, collected over 14 months. Unidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) recurrent neural networks are trained to predict the priority of each maintenance request and the related technical staff assignment. The data set is also used to depict an overview of corrective maintenance needs and related performances and to verify the most relevant elements in the building and how the current facility management (FM) relates to the requests.FindingsThe study shows that LSTM and Bi-LSTM recurrent neural networks can properly recognize the words contained in the requests, thus correctly and automatically assigning the priority and predicting the technical staff to assign for each end-user’s maintenance request. The obtained global accuracy is very high, reaching 93.3% for priority identification and 96.7% for technical staff assignment. Results also show the main critical building elements for maintenance requests and the related intervention timings.Research limitations/implicationsThis work shows that LSTM and Bi-LSTM recurrent neural networks can automate the assignment process of end-users’ maintenance requests if trained with historical CMMS data. Results are promising; however, the trained LSTM and Bi-LSTM RNN can be applied only to different hospitals adopting similar categorization.Practical implicationsThe data-driven and text-mining approaches can be integrated into the CMMS to support corrective maintenance management by facilities management contractors, i.e. to properly and timely identify the actions to be carried out and the technical staff to assign.Social implicationsThe improvement of the maintenance of the health-care system is a key component of improving health service delivery. This work shows how to reduce health-care service interruptions due to maintenance needs through machine learning methods.Originality/valueThis study develops original methods and tools easily integrable into IT workflow systems (i.e. CMMS) in the FM field.

PRETRIAL JUDGE’S AUTHORITY IN ADJUDICATING ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONS BY THE DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF CUSTOMS

The Directorate General of Customs and Excise has both administrative and law enforcement authority, which judges commonly interpret as including investigative powers, leading to the approval of pretrial requests for administrative actions. This research utilizes normative legal research with a descriptive qualitative approach, using qualitative analysis techniques and a range of legal materials. It finds that interpretations of administrative authority among pretrial judges vary, with only two out of five considering it beyond pretrial scrutiny. This suggests a potential overreach in judicial interpretation regarding the administrative actions of Customs and Excise. The research recommends issuing a Supreme Court Circular or amending the Customs and Excise Law to clearly define and limit such authority, thereby preventing expansive judicial interpretation of enforcement powers..

Between welcome culture and border fence

Newspaper reports provide a rich source of information on the unfolding of public debates, which can serve as basis for inquiry in political science. Such debates are often triggered by critical events, which attract public attention and incite the reactions of political actors: crisis sparks the debate. However, due to the challenges of reliable annotation and modeling, few large-scale datasets with high-quality annotation are available. This paper introduces DebateNet2.0, which traces the political discourse on the 2015 European refugee crisis in the German quality newspaper taz. The core units of our annotation are political claims (requests for specific actions to be taken) and the actors who advance them (politicians, parties, etc.). Our contribution is twofold. First, we document and release DebateNet2.0 along with its companion R package, mardyR. Second, we outline and apply a Discourse Network Analysis (DNA) to DebateNet2.0, comparing two crucial moments of the policy debate on the “refugee crisis”: the migration flux through the Mediterranean in April/May and the one along the Balkan route in September/October. We guide the reader through the methods involved in constructing a discourse network from a newspaper, demonstrating that there is not one single discourse network for the German migration debate, but multiple ones, depending on the research question through the associated choices regarding political actors, policy fields and time spans.

문법 형태의 다의성에 반영된 은유와 환유 - 희망표현 ‘았/었으면 좋겠다’를 중심으로-

This study found a problem arising in the use and biased meanings that is not pragmatically smooth due to the multi-sense meaning of ''-at/eot umyeon joketta'', one of the Korean expressions of hope, and determined that one of its causes is the system of textbooks and grammar books and the contents of the description without set standards. Therefore, in this study, a corpus search was performed to collect the instances where ''-at/eot umyeon joketta'' is used. A total 150 sentences were extracted through the corpus search, and all 4 meanings of ''-at/eot umyeon joketta'' were found to be used, including hope for the impossible, hope for a possibility, hope in request for action and hope for the resolution of complaint. Examining each semantic component, the hope for the impossible, hope for a possibility, hope in request for action were observed to be in metaphorical expansion relationship with one another :the hope for complaint resolution was extended from the hope for action request. It is expanded from the adjacent meanings and it was confirmed that relationship was one of metonymous expansion. This result was confirmed that the left and right(road) extensions in the male form of ''-at/eot umyeon joketta''were metaphorical and upper and lower(length) extensions were metonymous. This can be applied to instruction on the use polysemous grammar forms.

The Myth of Women's Advantage in Using Child-Directed Speech: Evidence of Women Versus Men in Single-Sex-Parent Families.

Differences between child-directed speech (CDS) by women and men are generally explained by either biological-evolutionary or gender-social theories. It is difficult to tease these two explanations apart for different-sex-parent families because women are usually also the main caregivers. Thus, this study aims to examine the influence of parental sex on CDS by investigating men and women who are in same-sex-parent families. Twenty same-sex-parent families participated in the study-10 families in which the parents were two men and 10 families in which the parents were two women. The families were matched for toddler age (range: 9-24 months) and sex. CDS was recorded using the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) device for 16 hr during a day. Each parent was also audio-recorded during a 30-min play session with his or her child. No difference was found between men and women across all the LENA measures, namely, adult word count, conversational turns count, and child vocalization count. The analysis of speech samples during parent-child play showed no difference between men and women in mean length of utterance and number of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Pragmatic speech acts of initiations, responses to infants' actions, or vocalizations were similar in both sexes. Women used more "teaching" utterances than men, and men who were main caregivers used more "teaching" utterances than men who were secondary caregivers. Across both sexes, secondary caregivers used more "requests for actions" compared to main caregivers. The present findings support a functional-social approach and not a biological approach for explaining the use of CDS by men and women. These findings have clinical implications on the involvement of men in early intervention programs.

E-politeness in student requests to faculty: А view from a regional Russian university in the midst of a pandemic

This paper explores pragmalinguistic strategies in the Russian language student requests made to faculty via email and Moodle learning management system (LMS) at Chelyabinsk State University, Russia, from March 2020 to March 2021, in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Drawing from the sample and a questionnaire, we focus on the type of request and its level of imposition, as well as the internal and external modification, following a modified Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns framework. The reported case study shows that students use LMS for making requests for action, and resort to email to request information. External modification is a dominant strategy used to mitigate the impositive force of the requests in the sample. LMS requests tend to be concise and directed at ‘getting stuff done’ with minimal mitigation strategies. This may illustrate a lack of essential pragmatic competence on the students’ part and be connected to the normalisation of a telegraph-style communication.

Exploring the role of strategy instruction on learners’ ability to write authentic email requests to faculty

This study used a pre-test post-test research design to investigate the role of explicit strategy instruction on Spanish English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ ability to write authentic email requests to faculty. Drawing on Taguchi’s (2018) classification of pragmatics learning strategies, the instructional intervention followed a strategy-based approach to help learners understand the form–function–context mapping of email requests in the academic context. A total of 110 naturally occurring email requests for action addressed to three faculty members were collected at two different times: as a pre-test (i.e. before engaging learners in the instructional period), and as a post-test (i.e. after learners’ participation in the treatment sessions). Learners’ email messages were analysed considering both their appropriateness of use as well the frequency of utilization of different structural (i.e. subject line, openings and closings) and content components (i.e. request strategies and internal request modifiers). Results showed that strategy instruction helped learners write more appropriate email requests after the instructional period. The findings suggest that arming learners with a variety of strategic tools may lead to pragmatic development in actual language use.

Capital markets and the costs of climate policies

Globalization is accompanied by increasing current account imbalances. They can undermine the positive impacts of increasing international cooperation and trade on economic growth and income convergence. At the same time, climate change challenges the global community and requests for co-operative action. Regional energy transformation due to climate policies and the resulting regional mitigation costs are key variables of climate economic analysis. This study is the first that include current account imbalances and imperfect capital markets to investigate potential market feedback mechanisms between climate policies, energy sector transformation and capital markets. Furthermore, it answers the question whether the capital-intensive transformation towards zero-carbon economies increases the policy cost of mitigation under the condition of imperfect capital markets. First results demonstrate a dominant baseline effect of capital market imperfections on macroeconomic variables, and moderate effects on mitigation costs in global climate policy scenarios. For some regions (e.g. Middle East) estimates of relatively high mitigation costs are revised downwards, if imperfect capital markets are considered.

The potential for applying “Nonviolent Communication” in conservation science

AbstractThe role of a conservation scientist has never been more challenging. Amidst the rapid degradation occurring across Earth's natural ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, conservation scientists must learn new and effective ways to build trust and engage with the wider community. Here, we discuss the potential utility of a particular communication technique, Nonviolent Communication (also known as Compassionate Communication or Collaborative Communication), in conservation science. Nonviolent Communication is a structured form of communication, developed in the 1960s by Dr. Marshall Rosenberg, that seeks to foster interpersonal understanding and connection through communication of judgment‐free observations, recognition of people's feelings, needs and values, and requests for specific actions to meet those needs. It has delivered positive outcomes in diverse fields such as prisoner reform, health science, and social work, and holds great promise for conservation applications. While there is no single communication strategy that resonates with all people, we argue that Nonviolent Communication could be used by conservation scientists and practitioners when communicating with colleagues, politicians, and the general public about important and sometimes contentious environmental issues.

Request Strategies as Seen in the Movie <em>Silver Linings Playbook<em>

This research aimed to investigate the types of request strategies used by the characters in the movie Silver Linings Playbook (2012). It also identified the types of request goals made by the characters. The data were taken from dialogues in the movie, which contained request utterances. The data were then classified into nine strategy types of request according to Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), followed by the classification of the data into four types of request goals according to the theory proposed by Blum-Kulka et al. (1985, as cited in Forgas, 1985, p. 118). The result showed that 202 request strategies were made by the characters. The most frequently used request strategy found in the movie was a direct request, which was mood derivable with 111 occurrences (54.9%). Meanwhile, for request goals, requests for action was the most frequently implored type by the characters, and it was dominated by mood derivable strategy with 103 occurrences (64.8%).

REQUEST STRATEGIES AS SEEN IN THE MOVIE SILVER LININGS PLAYBOOK

This research aimed to investigate the types of request strategies used by the characters in the movie Silver Linings Playbook (2012). It also identified the types of request goals made by the characters. The data were taken from dialogues in the movie, which contained request utterances. The data were then classified into nine strategy types of request according to Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), followed by the classification of the data into four types of request goals according to the theory proposed by Blum-Kulka et al. (1985, as cited in Forgas, 1985, p. 118). The result showed that 202 request strategies were made by the characters. The most frequently used request strategy found in the movie was a direct request, which was mood derivable with 111 occurrences (54.9%). Meanwhile, for request goals, requests for action was the most frequently implored type by the characters, and it was dominated by mood derivable strategy with 103 occurrences (64.8%).

Enabling Secure Guest Access for Command-and-Control of Internet of Things Devices

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming ubiquitous, and may be arranged to form formal or ad hoc Command and Control (C2) networks. Such networks typically do not have a mechanism to facilitate the sharing of either data or control inputs. This paper examines this problem in the context of IoT devices operating within C2 systems which do not have a trusted relationship with each other. We propose a solution which we call syndication, to provide a controlled mechanism to share data between C2 systems of devices without a fully trusted relationship. This paper builds upon previous work which established a lightweight protocol for secure C2 operations within the IoT. Using the proposed approach enables not only sharing of data but also permits the external controller to submit moderated requests for actions to be performed. The paper concludes by examining how this approach could also be adopted to provide secure guest access to connected systems in a domestic or commercial context.

Exploring E-petitioning and media: The case of #BringBackOurGirls

The Internet and Web 2.0 have created novel forms of collective action and political participation, the dynamics of which have attracted considerable scholarly attention. E-petitioning, a genre of technology-based collective action tools, makes it possible for members of the public to address government decision makers directly with their requests for policy-related action. In this paper we explore the effects of Twitter, other forms of online media, and television news broadcasts on the accumulation of signatures in e-petitioning. We analyze the case of “Bring Back Our Girls,” a Change.org petition initiated in spring 2014 following the abduction of 276 young female students from the Government Girls Secondary School in Chibok, Borno State, Nigeria by heavily armed members of the Boko Haram, an Islamic extremist group. The petition targeted government leaders around the world. We found evidence that tweets and certain forms of online media, together with cable news items, are related to the likelihood of individuals to sign an e-petition. The results provide evidence in support of a hybrid media system in which diverse forms of media behave with diverse logics and impacts in their effects on e-petitions.

Coronavirus infection has reached Brazil, what now? Nurses' emotions.

To investigate the nurse's emotions about coronavirus infection (COVID-19). We conducted a qualitative study with 58 nurses, students of the postgraduate course in Nursing of a higher education institution in Fortaleza, State of Ceará, Brazil. We obtained data through questionnaires with a sociodemographic approach and reflections on the emotions/perceptions of nurses, as well as a synchronous meeting to discuss strategies for worker health during the pandemic. We organized the results on the IRaMuTeQ software with a presentation in figures and speeches. The speeches revealed emotions such as anxiety, tiredness, fear, insecurity, distress, and emotional pain. However, the occurrence of words such as "tranquility" and "well-being" emphasize comfort, overcoming, and hope. The Master's degree students showed concern for family members, fear, and anxiety, with requests for actions by people management to promote strategies to minimize and control such emotions.

Non-native EFL teachers’ email productionand perceptions of e-(im)politeness

AbstractThe present study investigates the nature of email requests to faculty produced by non-native speaker (NNS) teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL), the importance attached by these teachers to linguistic forms designed to achieve email politeness and status-congruence, and the extent to which perceptions and evaluations by the NNS teachers and native-speaker (NS) lecturers might differ with regard to these emails. The study found that the non-native speaker teachers (NNSTs) evidenced a developed sense of sociopragmatic knowledge in high imposition L2 requests for action, and employed politeness strategies that were indicative of a concern to maintain social and face relationships in virtual consultations. It is argued that despite their advanced English language proficiency, the teachers’ reliance on directness, excessive formality, and lengthy grounders could still put them out-of-status and render their emails as pragmatically inappropriate. The study further confirmed significant differences in how the two groups perceive appropriateness and politeness in direct and unmodified student email requests to faculty. Overall, while the NSs judged the emails primarily according to their content and, to a lesser extent, according to their form and framing devices, the NNSTs focused almost exclusively on form and framing devices (in/formality, in/directness, nature and extent of mitigation, opening/closing moves, forms of address).

Speech acts addressed to Hadza infants in Tanzania: Cross-cultural comparison, speaker age, and camp livelihood

This study deals with speech acts addressed to Hadza infants in Tanzania, a group that has traditionally lived off hunting and gathering. Three research questions are addressed: How do Hadza speech acts compare with those found in previous studies in other cultures? Are there differences between child and adult speakers? And do speech acts differ with camp livelihood patterns? Speech acts are seen as a part of language socialization, which reflects overarching cultural values and socialization goals. The results indicate that Hadza infants experience many requests for action/imperatives—a way of expressing hierarchies—more than the infants in the comparative cultural communities, in spite of the fact that hunter–gatherers have been described as egalitarian in the past. Children’s and adults’ speech acts differ in several ways: adults use more requests for action and information (questions) with infants, while children use more assertives. Finally, the comparison of camp livelihoods revealed differences mainly between camps living off tourism and those that are more isolated from outside influence. The former use more imperatives, the latter more vocatives. The results are discussed in terms of cultural change toward more hierarchical structure related to livelihood activities, particularly tourism, and different activities that children and adults engage in when interacting with infants.