Republic Srpska Research Articles

“PATIENT RIGHTS” AND “INFORMED CONSENT” IN UNIVERSITY CURRICULA AT PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is the responsibility of the entity the Republic Srpska (RS), ten counties in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H) and Brčko District (BD).Higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina is regulated by the Framework Law on Higher Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina.The rights of patients are determined by the Law on Rights, Obligations and Responsibilities of Patients, which determines the rights, obligations and responsibilities of patients in health care, rules of those entitlements, the protection and improvement of those rights, as well as other issues related to rights, obligations and responsibilities of patients.Informed consent, as one of patients' rights, is a free manifestation of the patient's will, i.e. his consent to the implementation of the proposed medical measure or participation in research, and for its validity the patient's competence, adequacy of information and voluntariness are required.The aim of this paper is to review available curricula and programs on the websites of organizational units at public universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to see how much the concepts of "patient rights" and "informed consent" are studied at public universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Keywords: education, higher education, patients' rights, informed consent, curriculum, university, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in School Children in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose: To identify the characteristics of age groups of children from 10 to 14 years old in terms of the ratio of body weight and length, in particular, the relative number of children with overweight and obesity, and to develop recommendations for reducing body weight for children 10-14 years old. Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional survey of the health status (overweight and obesity) of school children was conducted on sample 500 school children from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republic Srpska entity), which included 246 boys and 254 girls, aged 10 to 14 years. Anthropometric data including Body height (BH), Body weight (BW) and age were collected from all elementary school children. Body mass index (BMI) is an anthropometric index of weight and height that is calculated by dividing a person's weight (kg) by the square of their height (m^2). BMI participants was estimated with the Percentile BMI calculator for children and teens aged 2-19 years. The studied children were defined as underweight, normal (healthy)-weight, overweight and obese according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) child growth characteristics for age, sex, and BMI. Basic central and dispersion parameters (Mean, Min., Max., Range, SD, CI 95%, CV%, Skew., Kurt.) were calculated for each variable. To confirm normality, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied (p>0.05). The homogeneity of variance was tested with Levene's test. The nutritional status of the subjects was assessed using percentile values on the basis of which the percentile categories are calculated. Statistical procedures and analyzes were performed using the statistical package STATISTICA 10.0 for Windows. Results: The dynamics of changes in the relative number of children with overweight and obesity from 10 to 14 years old was revealed. The lowest number of overweight and obese students was recorded at the age of 14 (1% <). The results of malnutrition in boys point to the conclusion that it is present in a smaller percentage, from 1.96% (age 14) to 6.12% (age 12). The largest number of girls at the age of 13 were overweight, 10 (19.23%) and obese (2%<), and then at the age of 10 and 11 (overweight 15.68% vs. 13.72%, and obesity 1.96% vs 3.92%). Malnutrition as a category is in a slightly higher percentage than for boys, ranging from 3.92% (11 and 12 years) to 7.84% (10 years). Conclusions: If a child is overweight at any age, this should be an alarming signal, as it can provoke weight gain in adulthood or with the slightest decrease in self-control. Therefore, the best strategy would be to create conditions for a child's development in which he will receive joy from other sources, and not just from food and activities that do not require physical activity. Finding even a relatively small number of overweight and obese children is not a benign problem. It requires its own solution, helping such children understand their problem and overcome it.

INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON ADHERENCE OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN A PRIMARY HEALTHCARE SETTING IN WESTERN BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA

Diabetes mellitus, including type 2 diabetes, is a global health issue with less than 50% of individuals achieving optimal glycemic control. A study at Health Center Krupa na Uni, Republic Srpska, assessed adherence in 159 adults with type 2 diabetes, during the study conducted during 2019-2020. The research used a general and specific questionnaire The Adherence in Chronic Diseases Scale. Findings showed 72.9% had moderate adherence, 16.4% had low adherence, and only 10.7% had high adherence. The female gender predicted higher adherence (p=0.048). The type of oral hypoglycemic agents (p=0.520) was not associated with adherence. Older age (p=0.316) and lower education level (p=0.182) were associated with lower adherence, but not significantly. Age over 60 years and level of education had no significant effects on adherence. Although there was no statistical significance, employed respondents (p=0.076) and those living in rural areas had a higher level of adherence (p=0.064). Some respondents took medications based on their physical needs and beliefs, indicating the need to address beliefs and behaviors influencing adherence. Poor adherence remains a significant issue, and addressing adherence barriers, particularly those related to gender, can improve health outcomes for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Ongoing research and interventions are crucial to improve adherence rates and health outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Mineral resources and raw materials as a significant potential of Republika Srpska

Mining is one of the oldest human activities and industries and involves exploration and exploitation of mineral resources. In addition, there are many areas of geology with the basic goal of collecting information for understanding the Earth's structure, and planning and conducting various types of geological research of mineral resources and raw materials. Mining is the holder of the mineral raw materials management like a non-renewable natural resource. The utilization value of mineral raw materials increases but constantly changes, depending on the needs, so the task of the mining and geological professions is to continuously valorization of their value. Miners and geologists should be actively involved in spatial planning and solving of potential activation of a particular mine location in terms of increasing the number of inhabitants and reducing living space with adequate environmental protection. Mining activities are predetermined by the place of mineral resources and raw materials occurrence and are limited by the real conditions and possibilities of a certain community and society. It is necessary to determine the real possibilities of exploitation because the organization of mining production at any cost is humanistically, ecologically and economically speaking, unsustainable. The mineral resources of the Republic Srpska enable the exploitation and processing of mineral raw materials in the metal, metal processing, construction, chemical, cement, ceramics construction materials industry etc. The largest part (over 90% in terms of value) are reproductive materials for processing in other industries, a smaller part are products that go directly to the market. In the conditions of increased and faster technological development and the tendency of increasing exploitation of natural resources in the world with changes in previous conceptions of life, there was a need to analyze the sustainability of natural and raw mineral resources for further development of Republika Srpska. The issue of sustainable development, in terms of strengthening the economic structure and geopolitical position of RS and BiH in relation to the surrounding countries, becomes a matter of strategic approach to the organization and development of the mineral complex.

Stavovi mladih u Republici Srpskoj o braku, porodici i roditeljstvu

The subject of this paper involves the attitudes of the student population in Republic Srpska about marriage, family and parenthood. Changes in family domain in modern society directly affect not only the everyday lives of individuals, but also society as a whole. Negative demographic trends, structural problems of the Republic Srpska society, as well as the spread and acceptance of value orientations from the West also affect changes in marriage and family in our society. This paper analyses data from a survey of young people's attitudes about marriage, family and parenthood, and their relations with some basic sociodemographic characteristics. Moreover, young people's plans for their future life, forming their own families and having children, have also been analysed.

Između junačkog kulturnog modela i moguće obaveštajne doktrine

The breakup of the ideologically repressive and antinational security apparatus of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia created a system directed towards the revival of Serbian statehood in Serbia and Serbian countries in the 1990s. Based on the new monograph book by Karan and Kajtez, this article analyzes the activities of Jovan Milanović, Serbian intelligence officer in Brussels, the NATO headquarters, which protected the Republic Srpska and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the war. By studying personal characteristics, it is concluded that the essence of Serbian strategic culture is primarily related to Serbian cultural codes and ethos, and not only to the implied security, military and geopolitical aspects.

Raspad bivše SR BiH - drinsko ratište

We provide the analysis of the war in the former Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina by analyzing the Yugoslav crisis, namely, the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). Bosnia and Herzegovina was located in the heart of the former SFRY. It was a bridge between Croatia and Slovenia in the West and northwest, with Serbia and Macedonia in the East and southeast, and with Montenegro in the south. After Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence, Bosnia and Herzegovina stopped being that "synapse", the solid foundation of unity and coexistence of Serbs, Croats, and Muslims. In 1992, the civil "spilled over" into the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Dayton Agreement ended the war in 1995. To begin with, we describe the events that led to the breakup of the former SFRY. The introduction of the multi-party system and democratic elections in 1990 did not ease the growing tensions. The three constituent nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina could not agree on the constitutional framework of the country they were creating. The Muslims insisted on unitary Bosnia; the Croats supported the union of the three entities, while the Serbs wanted to preserve the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The plan was to potentially make the country a federation or a confederation. The War was inevitable. In the second part of the paper, we focus on the creation of the Republic Srpska and the Army of the Republic Srpska, with the emphasis on the war events that took place in the Drina area. The Drina River, as a natural border between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, represents the "lifeblood" of the survival, existence and well-being of the Serbian people in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hence, the conflicting side tried to occupy that area to sever the ties of the Republic Srpska with the mother country, Serbia. Finally, based on the relevant data and research findings, we give our opinion on the outcome of the war, as well as the consequences for the current and generations to come.

The Impact of the Covid 19 Crisis on the Fiscal Stability of Republic of Srpska

Abstract The consequences of the COVID-19 crisis have had a negative impact on the fiscal stability of Republic of Srpska. Although the crisis is not officially over yet, a large number of countries needed to implement fiscal consolidation. Republic of Srpska is one of the small and open economies that are exposed to various negative market distortions. COVID-19 crisis of the most important foreign trade partners of the Republic Srpska has had a negative impact on the economy of Republic Srpska. The basic idea of the paper is based on the need to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the fiscal stability and public finances of Republic of Srpska. The subject of the research is the analysis of the implementation of the fiscal consolidation procedure in Republic of Srpska and the impact on its economic growth. For the implementation of fiscal consolidation, the choice of methods and instruments on which the process of implementing fiscal consolidation is based is very important. Fiscal consolidation is necessary due to the consequences caused by the COVID-19 crisis and the enormous growth of the deficit. The analysis proves that the measures applied to rehabilitate the crisis have resulted in improved fiscal stability, which ultimately had a positive impact on economic growth. Fiscal consolidation will be successful and expansive if it is carried out by a combined method of increasing revenues and reducing expenditures and if the increase in revenues is caused by the growth of economic activity and not by the tax burden.

Osiguranje poljoprivrede u Republici Srpskoj

There is a significantly large, objective need for the agricultural insurance coverage in the Republic Srpska, especially in the environment of increasing climate changes. The insurance companies whose offer includes the insurance of agriculture are increasingly present and competing on the market, but the government also provides a big support by granting subsidies for agricultural insurance premiums. The author of this paper analyses the number and structure of agricultural insurance policies, the share of total agricultural insurance premiums in the non-life insurance premium total and/or the number of registered agricultural farms that benefited from the agricultural insurance premium recourses and/or took out the insurance coverage for their production. She concludes that the economic protection provided under the agricultural insurance cover has been underutilized in the Republic Srpska.

Kulturna politika i kulturne potrebe u programima političkih partija Bosne i Hercegovine (Republika Srpska i Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine)

Every society is interested in getting to know and accepting the rules of behaviour and all other elements of culture through which individuals integrate themselves into the society and identify with it. Culture is a cohesive element of society that connects individuals, social groups and all other social segments into a single unit. In the first part of the paper, the concept of culture is defined, through the concepts of cultural politics and cultural needs. The second part of the paper presents the analysis results regarding the content of the programs and statutes of nine parties in Republic Srpska (RS) and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), which won the greatest number of votes in the 2022 general election, from the cultural politics and cultural needs point of view. The research into the relations between political parties and cultural politics shows that this topic is being marginalized in programs and statutes of all political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH).

Glorification of Crimes and Criminals (Instance Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Glorification is more and more present nowadays, also like denial crimes committed. Thereby they want to relativize crimes, falsify all historical events, and ultimately try to equalize criminals with the victim. Glorification, revisionism, and disclamation become so important. Criminals and their bad deeds are presented as heroic, mythical, and ideal. They introduce themselves as leaders, representatives, and sons of the best from the nation where they come from. Instead of shame and confronting society with criminals and their crimes, they are celebrated, respected, and elevated to the greatest human values. This is a paradox of the modern world. The analysis of relevant documentation (documents of the so-called Army of republic Srpska ICTY, judgments, reference literature in the subject area....) will be an attempt to explain the topic of glorification. Offering solutions to possible deviations from the permanent glorification of crimes and criminals has become a challenge of the modern age.

Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Family Policy Challenges in Meeting the European Union’s Standards and Recommendations

Family policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s entities (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic Srpska) is incoherent, with its different elements being scattered across different ministries and levels of government. The system is found to be inapt to respond to the needs of families, thus enhancing gender inequalities in the labour market and within families. As a country aspiring to join the European Union, Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with other countries of the Western Balkans region, participates in regular policy dialogue with the European Union institutions. The latest European Commission assessment of the country’s Economic Reform Programme identifies low employment of women as one of the key challenges and implicitly calls for the country to develop an employment-oriented family policy. By analysing the system of family policy and its recent policy developments, the article assesses the country’s capacity to respond to the recommendation and create conditions for greater participation of women in the labour market. The question is whether the European Union’s conditionality and recommendations have the potential to transform the current family policy arrangements in the entities. Key words: work-family policy, female employment, gender inequalities, maternity leave, parental leave, early childhood education and care services, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

REPRODUCTION OF THE MINERAL – RAW MATERIAL BASE PROBLEMS IN THE REPUBLIC SRPSKA

<p>The Strategy for the management and utilization of mineral resources of the Republic Srpska includes inevitably the mineral resource base as an essential element of material and social development, and it is one of the significant reliance forms on its own suorces in achieving economic development. In this sense, geological exploration, like an important activity in providing mineral resources for the development of the economy of the Republic Srpska, has not been given adequate attention since the 1990 and has not been systematically conducted at all.</p><p>The practice of the surrounding countries, and also in the earlier period, in these regions was such that geological exploration were treated adequately with the importance of mineral resources and, accordingly, funds were provided for their financing by the state and also by users of mineral resources. Today, there are no systematic geological surveys in the Republic Srpska and no systematic sources for their financing. The geological research activity in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the former Yugoslavia, throughout the earlier period, was characterized by relatively good organization and coherence of the research program. Due to this, many remarkable results have been achieved, which justify the realized investments in many ways.</p><p>The paper presents the basic characteristics of the mineral raw material base of the Republic Srpska, as then an analysis of inefficiency and stagnation in the research was done, and finally suggestions are given the necessary activities to improve the present situation.</p>

Accelerated expansion of NATO into the Balkans as a consequence of Euro-Atlantic Discord

The Balkans in general and post-Yugoslav countries in particular have been under significant geopolitical pressure of the political West since the end of the bipolar global order. From the beginning of the Yugoslav Civil War in 1991, followed by Western recognition of secessionist republics in 1992 and NATO attacks on Serbs in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1994-1995 and on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1999, the US, NATO and EU have been actively involved in the Balkan crisis. It was in concordance with the logic of unipolarity, or the New World Order, proclaimed by George W.H. Bush, in which there is “no substitute for American leadership”.The year of 2008 marked the start of profound changes. The changes we are witnessing today are of the magnitude described by Paul Kennedy’s classic The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Georgia’s attack on South Ossetia crossed Russia’s red lines and exposed the latter’s ambitions to regain the superpower status; China symbolically showed the same ambition with the Olympics in Beijing; the crash of the US real-estate market triggered the global economic crisis; and the NATO-sponsored unilateral declaration of secession by Kosovo Albanians set a precedent and introduced uncertainty in international law and the entire system of United Nations. By the beginning of 2020, many problems had accumulated in the EU – against the background of the ongoing migration crisis, right-wing and nationalist movements became more active, and differences between members increased. Long before COVID-19, Brexit became a serious stress test for the economy and social structure of the European Union. Dramatic changes took place on the other side of the Atlantic too, resulting in the shocking victory of staunch anti-globalist Donald Trump. The rules established during the 1991-2008 unipolarity have thus been challenged. Subsequently, post-Cold War ideological consensus in the West has also been challenged even further by the growth of non-systemic political movements – many of them directed not only against the EU expansion, but also against the EU itself.The significance of all these events for the Balkans is somewhat surprising and paradoxical, as the mainstream forces that have been weakened in the West forcefully push for a stronger Atlantic integration of the remaining Balkan countries. At the height of the pandemic, on 27 March 2020 Northern Macedonia became the 30th member of the Alliance, having previously undergone a humiliating procedure of changing its own name for this purpose. Three years earlier, Montenegro was admitted to NATO, but its population did not have the opportunity to vote on this in a referendum. The negotiations between Belgrade and Pristina on ‘normalisation of relations’, continued pressures on the prerogatives of Republic Srpska, Croatian initiative for a new Intermarium and many other similar efforts are stages in the process of NATOisation of former Yugoslavia. Based on the analysis of a large body of narrative sources and recent literature, the article presents the main trends and possible prospects for developments in the Balkans, depending on the outcome of the ongoing ideological and political struggle within the West.

Doprinos istraživanju patoloških pojava u Republici Srpskoj - Biljana Milošević Šošo: Devijantne pojave u Republici Srpskoj, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Istočno Sarajevo, 2018

The article "Deviant behaviour in Republic Srpska" by Biljana Milošević Šošo, represents a scientific contribution to the study of sociopathological phenomena with special reference to the societies in the transition process. The monograph is a synthesis of the most important theoretical approaches in sociological pathology and empirical indicators of the most common forms of deviant behaviour in Republic Srpska. The author expresses her critical attitude towards the existing social-value system, which is a determinant for the emergence and development of specific forms of sociopathological behaviour in the society in Republic Srpska.

The Influence of Non-preventable Risk Factors on the Development of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women.

Introduction:Scientific studies show that many genetic factors can significantly contribute to the onset of osteoporosis in women.Aim:The aim of our study was to determine whether non-preventable risk factors (certain genetic predisposition - positive parameters of family and personal history, i.e. family history of osteoporosis, family history of fractures, osteoporotic fractures, previous fractures, menopause duration) can affect the occurrence of osteoporosis in women in postmenopausal age.Methods:The study was performed as matched case and controls study. A group of cases consisted of 100 female postmenopausal women in whom by the DEXA method was newly diagnosed osteoporosis at the Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism of the University Clinical Center of Republic Srpska during 2015-2016, while the control group consisted of 100 female postmenopausal women without diagnostic signs of osteoporosis. Groups were matched by age (± 2 years). In order to collect demographic data and data on risk factors for osteoporosis and life habits of patients, the Bone Mineral Density Questionnaire for females of the Irish Society for Osteoporosis was used.Results:The results of the univariate logistic regression in our study did not show that early loss of the menstrual cycle before 50 years of age was a significant factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (p=0.421, OR=0.966, 95% CI=0.889-1.051). The analysis of the data of a positive family history of osteoporosis as a risk factor by the model of the multivariate of logistic regression shows that the presence of osteoporosis in close relatives (usually the mother) represents a significant and independent risk factor for the development of osteoporosis (p=0.003, OR=4.567, 95% CI=1.674- 12.460). The results of the study show that the presence of earlier fractures in the tested subjects is a significant independent risk factor for osteoporosis (p=0.015, OR=2.464, 95% CI=1.195-5.084).Conclusion:The results of our study show that the presence of osteoporosis in close relatives (usually the mother) and the existence of previous fractures are significant risk factors for the occurrence of osteoporosis. The presence of these factors may be the reason for the selection of patients for further preventive or curative procedures.

Prevalencija pušenja i epidemiologija raka pluća i dušnika u Republici Srpskoj

Introduction: Cancer of the lung and bronchus is leading public health issue in the Republic of Srpska, Entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Each year the number of new cases of cancer of the lung and bronchus is approximately 700 and from of all cancer deaths one in four persons died from cancer of lung and bronchus. Leading cause of its cancers is smoking and according to results of research 1/3 of adult population smoking daily and occasional in the Republic Srpska. Sources and methods: In this paper was used database Cancer Registry of Republic of Srpska, indicators related to smoking prevalence from the report of the results of the research 'Researching Population Health's in the Republic of Srpska' and cancer database GLOBOCAN 2008, International Agency for Research on Cancer. Results: In the Republic of Srpska cancer of the lung and bronchus both sex have very high incidence and mortality but very low prevalence. About 70% new and death cases are in ages 50­74 years. The most daily smokers are in ages 35­44 years, average duration of smoking is approximately 20 years. Cancer of the lung and bronchus is common among men as a smoking habit. The 5­year relative survival rate both sex is about 15%.

Possibility of Identifying the Logical-Mathematical Giftedness with Students of Lower Primary School Grades through Evaluations

The objective of this work is examination of co-ordinance amongst assessments of logical-mathematical giftedness with young primary school students, made by four groups of evaluators: teachers, parents, coevals and self-evaluators. Teachers of 11 primary schools selected at the area of Republic Srpska were assigned to follow Instructions for Nomination and select most capable students of Years Three and Four, who would be directly involved in the research. An evaluation of logical-mathematical giftedness was performed on a sample of 151 named students, using an instrument created for the needs of this research. The results have shown a high level co-ordinance in evaluation of logical-mathematical giftedness between teachers and students and between parents and coevals, which leads to a conclusion that there is a scientific justification to innovate the teaching process while working with gifted students at primary schools, by applying a questionnaire developed for evaluation of logical-mathematical giftedness to be done by teachers, parents, students and coevals. This work allows a space for forming data bases on evaluations of students’ abilities, in order to plan the next step which would be creating a predictive model based upon likelihood and expectations as to the possibility of identifying giftedness.

EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)

One of the most challenging issues for the countries that are in the process ofaccession to the European Union is the reform of agriculture, precisely agriculturalpolicy and its compliance with the Common Agricultural Policy of the EuropeanUnion (CAP). The strategic orientation of the Republic of Srpska and Bosnia andHerzegovina is a full EU member status, which is defined with signatory to theStabilization and Accession Agreement in 2008 and confirmed with Applicationfor membership in the European Union, submitted in February 2016. Consideringthe upcoming accession negotiation process, the reformation of agricultural sectoris necessary in all areas of development: production, policy and legal frameworkand institutional development. Until 2015 Republic Srpska made and adopted twokey strategic documents that determine the directions, objectives and measures fordeveloping of agriculture and rural areas. Recently the Republic of Srpska adopteda new strategic plan for the development of agriculture and rural areas for theperiod 2016- 2020. Considering that agriculture budget represents a first indicatorof the countries sector priorities, objective of this paper is to provide analysis ofagricultural policy through the agricultural budget of the Republic of Srpska and itscompliance with Common Agricultural Policy of the EU. Comparative analysis isrelated to the period 2006 – 2014 using EU methodology for the classification ofagricultural measures (pillars and axis). Research results show that the structure ofmeasures and scope of budgetary support, defined within agricultural policy of theRepublic of Srpska is not compatible with Common Agricultural Policy of the EU.

Biodiversity of Ticks and Fleas of Dogs in the Western Balkans – Preliminary Examinations

Ticks and fleas infestation is the most common ectoparasitic condition of dogs with worldwide distribution. In period 2011-2013 we performed preliminary study on the biodiversity of ticks and flea of dogs, from the Western Balkan area. Parasites were collected from dogs in veterinary practices from several cities in various part of Serbia, Macedonia, Republic Srpska (BiH) and Montenegro. During of the study of relative abundance analysis revealed that the species Ixodes ricinus was absolutely dominant, followed by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor marginatus and D. reticulatus. At same examinations three flea species were found at dogs Ctenocephalides felis felis was the most abundant, followed by Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans.