Republic Of Belarus Research Articles

Appearance of a Promising System of Low-Orbit Control of the Ionosphere over the Territory of the Republic of Belarus and Adjacent Regions

The article substantiates the composition and characteristics of the low-orbit ionosphere monitoring system over the territory of the Republic of Belarus and adjacent regions of the globe. This system is based on satellites-repeaters of signals of the global navigation satellite system GPS on the frequencies of 150/400 MHz allocated for geophysical research, modernized equipment of receiving points of the national satellite system of precise positioning, public telecommunication channels and a group of servers for processing received signals and estimating the total electron content in the ionosphere. The low-orbit ionosphere monitoring system is designed to provide data on the total electron content on the routes repeater satellite – receiving point of the satellite system of precise positioning when restoring the electron content in the ionosphere using radio tomography methods. Recommendations have been developed on the orbital parameters of the repeater satellites, requirements for the on-board repeater, antenna system and additional receiving channel of the equipment of receiving points of the satellite system of precise positioning, the volume of information circulating in the system and the requirements for the processing servers are determined. A digital twin of the low-orbit ionosphere monitoring system has been developed. It has been shown that the proposed low-orbit monitoring system, when relay satellites fly in orbit over the territory of Belarus and adjacent regions for 10–15 minutes, provides an increase in the volume of data for solving the radiotomographic problem in comparison with the existing high-orbit method of 5400 measurements with distances at the ionosphere “puncture” points of the order of several kilometers in the azimuthal sector relative to the conventional center of the system 120°–150°.

Using Big Data in Labor Market Analysis: Theoretical Approaches and Methodological Tools

The article considers the possibility of using big data technologies and large language models to analyze the labor market in the Republic of Belarus. Theoretical approaches using big data have been developed, which implies determining both the possibility of conducting labor market analytics using online sources and effective tools for collecting and processing information on the labor market from online sources. The use of big data and large language models will improve the quality and accuracy of labor market analysis in the republic, and the use of advanced analytical tools will provide a more complete and detailed understanding of the labor market dynamics. The study is based on the analysis of existing theoretical approaches, the practice of using big data and large language models in foreign countries, as well as an assessment of the current capabilities and limitations of using these technologies in Belarus. Machine learning, big data analysis and modeling were used as tools. The results of the study can be used to improve labor market management strategies, as well as to develop employment policies and programs focused on modern challenges and opportunities of the digital economy.

Transformation of the Constitutional Model of Public Formations in the Republic of Belarus

The transformation of the constitutional model of public formations in the conditions of formation and development of the Republic of Belarus is considered as a formal legal objectification of the relevant principles and categorical and conceptual apparatus within the framework of the dynamics of constitutional regulation caused by socio-political and other factors, it provides for a transition from the perception of public formations as an element of the party-state mechanism to the recognition of their independence and functional diversity with the presence of political priority in the intended purpose. It is noted that at the present stage, the constitutional model of public formations in the Republic of Belarus is being transformed within the framework of the development of the constitutional foundations of democracy and civil society, the consolidation of the ideology of the Belarusian state as a constitutional dominant, the revision of the purpose and differentiation. Proposals are being made to develop the relevant constitutional legislation in the Republic of Belarus.

CONTENT OF THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OBJECTS (PART 1)

The article analyzes the approaches of both domestic and foreign researchers of different periods of world history to the definition of the content of the exclusive right to intellectual property objects and the legislation of the Republic of Belarus. Modern concepts on the issue of the content of the exclusive right are defined. Special attention is paid to the inadmissibility of determining the content of the exclusive right by analogy with the content of the property right, as well as to the fact that the right to dispose of the intellectual property object cannot be included in the content of the exclusive right. It is concluded that in the Republic of Belarus there is no unified approach to the content of the exclusive right to intellectual property objects. The results of the study have important scientific and practical significance, can be used in law-making activity, law enforcement practice, as well as in research and educational process.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS OF FORESTRY ACTIVITIES

In the context of the commercialization of integrated forestry in the Republic of Belarus, when the issues of obtaining economic benefits from economic activities come to the fore, the analysis of forestry production, as the main part of integrated forestry, is especially relevant. In the pursuit of achieving high financial results, it is necessary not to forget about the environmental component of economic activity, which once again emphasizes the relevance of the functioning of the system of environmentally-oriented management accounting proposed by the author earlier. The article examines methodological approaches to the analysis of forestry activities, offers cost indicators of complex forestry proposed for the analysis of forestry activities and forestry costs taking into account their features, as well as factors influencing the content and structure of forestry production costs and the amount of forestry revenues, such as revenue from the sale of timber, specific tax value, the price of timber according to the price lists of selling prices, stock quotes for timber, forestry production costs for various types of felling. The use of these proposals will allow determining the directions for regulating rent relations in forestry.

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL POTENTIAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

The article examines the trend towards a decrease in the proportion of employees from among the teaching staff with academic degrees and titles in higher education institutions of the Republic of Belarus. The problems associated with providing the structural units of universities (institutes) with qualified specialists and managers with academic degrees and (or) titles have been identified. International experience in applying the habilitation procedure to ensure the effective operation of the higher education structure has been studied. To solve the identified problems, it is proposed to introduce academic titles from highly rated institutions of higher education in Belarus. Criteria have been developed for awarding the academic titles “Associate Professor of the Higher Educational Institution” and “Professor of the Higher Educational Institution”. The awarding of academic titles to higher education institutions will contribute to the expansion of educational communications, scientific cooperation in defending dissertations for academic degrees, and improving the quality of teaching staff of educational institutions. The introduction of academic titles from higher education institutions will make it possible to attract talented young scientists from other countries and increase the authority of Belarusian science at the international level.

THE TERM "CORRUPTION OFFENSE": CONCEPT AND PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION

The article is devoted to the improvement of legal regulation of such a key concept in the field of anti-corruption legislation as "corruption offense", which is contained in Art. 37 of the Law "On the Fight against Corruption". Attention is drawn to the need for a normative establishment of a list of corruption offenses that entail administrative liability. This article attempts to examine in detail the term "corruption offense", comparing it with "corruption crime", provides a historical aspect of this institution, a comparative analysis with the legislation of a number of CIS countries, and also proposes to determine its legal definition, which is absent in the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.

THE CONCEPT OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL BIOPRINTING TECHNOLOGY USING PATTERNS OF MECHANISMS PROVIDED BY CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW

In this study, the procedure of bioprinting is considered as a medical service in order to analyze existing methods of protecting violated consumer rights and develop a concept of legal liability based on the mechanisms of patterns established by consumer protection legislation. The current state of three-dimensional printing in the law system of the Republic of Belarus is being examined. The specifics of consumer protection are studied in the context of the application of bioprinting technology, specifically, judicial protection based on contractual and tort legal relations and the identification of the subjects who should be held responsible for actions containing signs of an offense or a crime. The use of the concept of «product liability» is offered for in order to protect consumer rights during the use of 3D-printing technology. The implementation of this theory in the law system of the Republic of Belarus will increase the effectiveness of the protection of consumer interests.

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THE STATE CIVIL SERVICE

The constitutional and legal regulation of the civil service is based on the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, the Law of the Republic of Belarus of June 1, 2022 No. 175-Z "On Civil Service" (as amended on January 3, 2024) and other regulatory legal acts. Within the framework of this article, based on the analysis of constitutional norms, which are the basis for the development of the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, regulatory legal acts regulating the features of the institution of state civil service will be presented. The analysis of the national legislation on the civil service, as well as international provisions and practices of foreign states, made it possible to identify a number of controversial issues and, in this regard, we proposed ways to improve the legislation on the civil service, in particular, the provision on the admissibility of the exercise of the right to strike, as well as receiving additional leave for an irregular day, is substantiated.

Strengthening economic ties between Belarus and Russia: prospects and challenges

The article examines the prospects and obstacles to strengthening economic ties between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. Today, the deepening of cooperation between them plays a strategic role for both countries in the current geopolitical situation, especially in the context of the prevailing global challenges. The objective of the research is to examine the potential for strengthening economic ties between Belarus and Russia in order to determine development prospects and reveal potential hindrances to this process. The scientific importance of the study lies in the expanding of knowledge about international economic transactions and their impact on regional economy. The practical importance of this work lies in the fact that it provides an assessment of the current state of relations between Belarus and Russia. The methodology of this work includes analytical coverage of economic data such as the volume of exports, imports, as well as the study of political and trade relations; data from the official web resource of the Federal Customs Service of Russia and the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus (“Belstat”) have been used. The information about the most exported and imported commodities has been collected from the Ru-Stat website. The main results and conclusions emphasize the importance of deepening economic relations between Belarus and Russia, as well as identify potential obstacles to this process. The article can contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of economic cooperation within the Belarusian and Russian territories. In general, the conceptual approach to deepening economic relations provides understanding of the cooperation dynamics.

PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS OF THE OBJECTS OF THE GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS: CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS

The article highlights the experience of creating, applying and developing a digital twin of the gas distribution system of the Republic of Belarus. The effect of using IT technologies in the field of gas supply as an integral part of the overall engineering infrastructure of the country is shown. The principles of the construction and functioning of the existing set of software tools that ensure the production activities of gas supply organizations and the management apparatus of GPO "Beltopgaz" are described. Scientific and methodological approaches to the creation of predictive analytics tools for objects of the gas distribution system of the Republic of Belarus are formulated.

The First Information on the Low Molecular Metabolom Lobelia dortmanna (Campanulaceae, Magnoliophyta) Growing in the Northwest of the Russian Federation

The low molecular weight metabolome (LMWM) of Lobelia dortmanna L. (Campanulaceae, Magnoliophyta), a relic aquatic macrophyte listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus, was studied for the first time using the GC/MS technique. It is a macrophyte that grows in oligotrophic lakes in the northwest of the Vologda Region, Russia. Thirteen major chemicals were among the 127 volatile low molecular weight organic compounds (VOCs) discovered, which accounted for 77.23% of the overall VOC content (198.75 µg/g dry plant weight). The main components of LMWM were carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons. The presence of a large number of biologically active metabolites with a high concentration in L. dortmanna LMWM may indicate a significant effect of this plant on the hydrobiocenoses of the littoral zone of oligotrophic lakes. Further research into the LMWM of aquatic macrophytes in oligotrophic lakes, a valuable renewable resource, is needed to assess the background characteristics of the natural environment for more effective monitoring of the ecological state of water bodies in the Russian Federation's North-West and the rational use of their biological resources.

Оценка профессиональной педагогической подготовки в контексте принципа инклюзии в Беларуси

<p>The results of an empirical study of a comprehensive assessment of the professional training of future teachers of various specialties (preschool educators, primary school teachers, subject teachers, psychology teachers, social educators, speech pathologists) at higher education institutions in the Republic of Belarus are presented. The complexity of the assessment is ensured by the study of all components of professional teacher training (educational conditions, educational process, educational results) and the representativeness of the multi-subject groups of respondents (vice-rectors for academic affairs of institutions of higher education, teaching staff, graduate students and undergraduates). In order to obtain the research results, there were used author's checklists, 4 types of questionnaires correlated with the marker system (marker 1 – "educational conditions", marker 2 – "educational process", marker 3 – "educational results"), criteria, indicators. The study involved 8242 respondents, including the authority (10 vice-rectors for academic affairs), the teaching staff (1131 people), future teacher students of various specialties (7101 people). Mathematical and statistical data processing included the usee of Pearson's χ2 criterion (STATISTICA statistical package version 10.0). The study allowed us to see an important problem – "deficits" in the quality of university teaching staff training (especially its methodological component) that enables to solve problems of forming professional competencies in future teachers. The assessment of professional teacher training made it possible to determine the vectors of improvement of organizational and pedagogical conditions, content and methodological support of higher teacher-training education in the context of the implementation of the principle of inclusion, new methodological approaches to improving the quality of differentiated professional teacher training and to create a basis for making a number of managerial decisions.</p>

Multi-analytical study for the art historical science: The mystery of the “Portrait of a young man in a wide-brimmed hat with a feather”

In this work, we performed a comprehensive spectroscopic analysis of the “Portrait of a Young Man in a Wide-Brimmed Hat with a Feather” authored by an unknown artist and housed in the National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus. Previously this portrait was a part of the Myatlev collection (St. Petersburg, Russia). Extensive analysis, including microscopic examination, X-ray radiography, luminescent studies, and complex multi-analytical studies of the chemical composition of art materials allowed us to suggest the dating and attribution of the painting. Laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS), Fourier transform Infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) were also used. Gold nanoparticles in toluene were used to enhance the signal of Raman scattering, enabling the unambiguous identification of pigments within the painting layers of the historical object.Moreover, we discovered the portrait of another person on the same canvas under the top layer of paint. A comparative analysis of grounds and painting materials did not reveal significant differences in the technological features of both images. Therefore, we can assume that both portraits were created in the same historical period and followed the traditions of the same art school. Lead white, bone black, red, yellow and brown ochres as well as lapis lazuli were identified as the pigments.The results obtained do not contradict to art critics hypothesis that the underlying painting is the portrait of King of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth11The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was established as a single entity by the Union of Lublin in 1569. It existed until 1795. Wladislaw IV Vasa created in the first half of XVII century. Then, it became the base for a new painting, which might be a self-portrait of the king’s illegitimate son Count Vasenau and was created in the middle of XVII century.

BELARUS AND THE BALTIC STATES: IN PERSUIT FOR POST-SOVIET IDENTITY IN LIGHT OF SHIFTING RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA

At present the foreign policy of the Russian Federation considering the Baltic states (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia) and the Republic of Belarus is under significant change. The article examines the formation of the identity of these states and their impact on relations with the Russian Federation. The socio-political and historical prerequisites for the formation of identity in the Baltic states and the Republic of Belarus are highlighted. Having a common Soviet past, the former republics of the USSR already in 1991 chose fundamentally polar vectors of development. The Republic of Belarus has built a new Belarusian identity on the basis of the social construct “Soviet man”, while the Baltic countries have chosen a different path - the methodical destruction of the ideological and socio-political heritage of the USSR as well as the fight against the Russian ethnic group on their territory. The author highlights the effectiveness of the modern Belarusian identity and pronounces the actual failure of the West’s attempt to construct a new Baltic identity based on anti-Russian sentiments. According to the author, an example of a win-win cooperation would be the Republic of Belarus, which plays the role of socio-political and cultural transit for the West and the East, can serve as a way out of the ongoing socio-political crisis in the Baltic states. A Eurasian reorientation would strengthen the shaky statehood of the Baltic States and would open up prospects for socio-economical cooperation with Russia and its partners.

Surgical treatment of extraintestinal amoebiasis with development of right lobe liver abscess: case study

The treatment of extraintestinal amoebiasis is a major surgical concern given the low prevalence in the Republic of Belarus and consequently difficult diagnosis. In this article, we present our own experience with the surgical treatment of a patient with an amoebic liver abscess. The patient underwent laparoscopy guided drainage of the abscess of the right lobe of the liver according to the technique developed in the clinic. A puncture-drainage system consisting of a Foley catheter and a guide stylet was used. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition for outpatient treatment and observation by a surgeon, a general practitioner, and an infectious disease specialist. There were no repeated visits or admissions. The presented case emphasizes the importance of combined treatment of amoebic liver abscesses using percutaneous drainage and conservative therapy with amoebicidal drugs such as metronidazole.

Cluster mechanism for the initiative scientific and technical results implementation in Belarus

The article considers the prerequisites for the emergence of a cluster mechanism for the introduction of initiative developments in the Republic of Belarus. A basic (reference) model of the implementation mechanism is proposed, according to which a new cluster mechanism is formed at the level of its core, an algorithm for integration and interaction of implementation organizations and six conditions for the implementation of this algorithm in practice. It is shown that the launch of a new cluster mechanism will allow the introduction of 14 to 26 initiative developments annually, which will contribute to the socio-economic development of Belarus.

Principles of socially responsible marketing

The concept of socially responsible marketing is considered in the context of modern trends in the economic policy of the Republic of Belarus and the state of business ecosystems. On the basis of complex analysis of scientific points of view and adaptation to modern conditions of management the author’s definition of socially responsible marketing is offered, its differentiation from the concepts of socially ethical marketing and relationship marketing is carried out. A system of principles of socially responsible marketing has been developed as the fundamental principles of strategic management of a Belarusian enterprise, which should be understood as internal social responsibility; external social responsibility; environmental responsibility; compliance with legal and ethical standards; receiving a profit.

Problems and prospects of digital development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus

In the modern world of rapidly developing technologies, digitalization has become not just a trend, but a vital condition for the successful functioning of any business, regardless of its scale. In Russia, as in many other countries, digitalization processes have taken a leading position among development priorities. Today digitalization implies the active and widespread introduction of modern digital technologies, automation tools and innovative solutions in all areas of business, which means a transition from traditional, manual methods of work to automated processes based on digital data. Digitalization is of particular importance for the development of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is this segment of the economy that is the most dynamic, flexible and adaptable to changes in most developed countries of the world. The introduction of digital solutions in small and medium-sized businesses will improve their competitiveness, create new jobs, strengthen economic growth and make Russia more competitive at the global level. The article examines the results of a study of the state of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia and the Republic of Belarus, the degree of implementation of digital technologies in small and medium-sized businesses in the two countries. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, a conclusion was made about the positive dynamics of the development of both the SME sector as a whole and the level of its digitalization, the directions of digital development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus were determined.

Increasing labour productivity by providing innovative activities in when repair and service sector in livestock industry

At present, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are significantly behind the developed countries in terms of labor productivity and the share of domestic companies implementing technological innovations in the main sectors of the economy (especially in agriculture). One of the significant factors of this lag is the underestimation in past years of the promising potential of various innovative technologies and, as a consequence the very limited and slow implementation of breakthrough innovations in the most signifi cant sectors of the domestic economy. The decisive turn of the state economic policy of neighboring states in the area of deep technological transformation of all sectors of the economy is aimed at an innovative breakthrough and reaching advanced growth rates in the technological and economic development of fraternal countries. However, along with the introduction of the latest technologies the creation of completely new modern high-tech industries, which will require colossal fi nancial investments, the task of comprehensively and thoroughly exploring internal production reserves, searching for new forms and methods of improving the effi ciency of labour organization at existing enterprises, which will also bring a noticeable economic effect, remains relevant. This article describes in sufficient detail practical activities to improve and streamline accounting, planning, certifi cation, rationalization of workplaces of animal husbandry technical service organizations under the current conditions of the developing market. The results of the studies show that certifi cation and rationalization of workplaces are eff ective tools in fi nding internal production reserves to improve the use of labour resources, fi xed production assets, promotes the replacement of obsolete equipment, improves the relationship between workplaces, improves working conditions, and optimally balances the need for labour with the number of existing workplaces. This will significantly increase the overall efficiency of activities and competitiveness of service enterprises in the fi eld of animal husbandry.