Reproduction Of National Identity Research Articles

Functions of state-building ideology in a socially turbulent society

Socio-turbulent trends in the global dimension lead to the loss of axiological foundations and guidelines for the development of humanity as a whole and individual social and state entities. The issue of disorientation of modern state-building is relevant even for developed democracies, not to mention such weak state constructs as Ukraine. There is a demand for ideological foundations of state-building and public administration. The purpose of article is to actualize the issue of the functionality of ideology as a structural phenomenon of state building in new socio-turbulent conditions and circumstances. The state ideology performs a number of important functions in the life of the country and society, namely: integrative, axiological, system-forming, spiritual, reproduction of national identity and more. Ideologies play the role of a consolidating factor in social relations, create a value and spiritual world in the state at the level of public consciousness. The negative role of ideologies is manifested in political involvement, the desire of its bearers to offer (impose) to society a one-dimensional picture of the world, which may conflict with the scientific picture of the world. Despite the negative manifestations of some political ideologies, state ideology is important as the basis of the country's development and the strategy of its progress: it allows to overcome the value vacuum in society, to consolidate the nation to build an independent state, promotes the development of national identity.

Preserving national values: Reproduction of national identity in a school of Qenie

AbstractSchools pursued multiple ways to cultivate national identity amongst students, but not all approaches are effective. Drawn from ethnographic fieldwork conducted in rural Ethiopia, this study aims at exploring how national identity is reproduced through the knowledge system of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC). By exploring the daily lives of students in the school of Qenie, the findings show detailed practices and how the school system exposes them to a multitude of cultural resources that help in national identity reproduction. The study has important implications for practice and policy to reinforce a healthy approach to nurturing valued aspects of the nation.

Роль преподавания истории в формировании национальной идентичности в США

The article is devoted to the structural and functional analysis of the role of school history education in the process of national self-identification of citizens in the United States. To achieve this goal, specific research tasks were performed in the article. First, the structural elements (subject, goal, object, means) of the educational process aimed at the reproduction of national identity in the United States through historical discipline are identified. Secondly, the American compulsory education system K-12 is briefly described, which acts as a subject in the process of constructing unified historical knowledge, as well as national identity among students. Thirdly, the place and content of national history as a school discipline in the K-12 system (in primary and secondary schools) among other compulsory disciplines of “social studies” (Social Studies) is determined. Fourthly, a model of three-level national self-identification of students has been formed, where the teaching of history plays a key role. The process of identification is considered here as one of the social functions of school history education. Fifth, the current trends and problems associated with the criticism of the nationally oriented history teaching curriculum and the emergence of new revisionist historical perspectives in American schools, aimed at viewing the past through the prism of historical injustice, are outlined.

Reproduction of National Identity in Turkish Cinema Through Collective Narcissism and Humuliation

Neoliberalizm, küreselleşme ve çokkültürlülük gibi kavram ve olguların toplumsal iletişimi bulanıklaştırarak kolektif belleği gevşek bağlarla biçimlendirmesi, milli kimliğin gündelik hayatta özellikle popüler kültür ürünleri aracılığıyla yeniden üretilmesini zorunlu bir hâle getirmektedir. “Cep Herkülü Naim Süleymanoğlu” filmi, Naim Süleymanoğlu’nun “Bulgaristan’da zulüm gören Türklerin sesi” olmak için anavatan Türkiye’ye kaçışı etrafında örülmüş öyküsüyle gündelik hayatta söylemsel olarak yeniden üretilen milliyetçilik ve milli kimlik meselelerini sınırlı da olsa çözümleyebileceğimiz kültürel bir zemin sunmaktadır. Çünkü, kolektif narsisizmi ve aşağılanmayı güçlendiren göç ve asimilasyon olguları, ben-öteki karşıtlığı üzerinden milli kimliği yeniden üreten çileli, ıstıraplı ortak geçmişin ve toplumsal derin yaraların dayanak noktalarıdır. Bu varsayımlardan hareketle, “Cep Herkülü Naim Süleymanoğlu” filmi eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Filmde toplumsal dürtüleri ve kolektif dayanışmayı harekete geçirmek amacıyla kolektif narsisizmin ağırlıklı olarak soy, seçilmişlik ve kahramanlık mitleri, kutsal anavatan, şehitlik, memleket sevgisi, merhamet, azim, meydan okuma, fedakârlık duygu ve değerleriyle; kolektif aşağılanmanın ise din, dil gibi kültürel pratikler ve acı, korku ve zulüm olguları üzerinden güçlendirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca filmde, Türk milli kimliğini güçlendirmek amacıyla etnik unsurlara ve milli kültürün yüceltilmesine başvuran muhafazakâr milliyetçiliğin ve etnik bileşenlerin yanı sıra mülki unsura ve cumhuriyetin simgelerine dayanan Kemalist milliyetçiliğin eklektik bir yaklaşımla yeniden üretildiği saptanmıştır.

The national team – shaping the nation’s representation in football

Abstract The national football team represents the nation and speaks for it. The football team plays an important role in the reproduction of national identity and nationalism. It is also used as a tool of public diplomacy. The team is managed by the national football association, which is autonomous from the state authorities. Thanks to its dominant position, the national football association can impose its vision of the representation of the nation. However, the vision of the selector is not received passively. The composition of the national team – an important aspect of the team as a metonymy of the nation – is sometimes contested by the public, especially sports journalists or fans.

Home Patriots: Spanish Nation-Building at a Local Level in the Primo de Rivera Dictatorship (1923–1930)

The local arena provides an excellent framework for the study of practices linked to the reproduction of national identities. This article analyzes the different manners in which Spanish national identities were transmitted and assimilated at the local level during the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923–1930). The paper takes a micro-historical approach and examines the process of mass nationalization in the town of Alagón, an industrial locality 15 miles north of Saragossa. It focuses on the different manners in which the local population ‘experienced’ the nation in public, semi-public and private spheres of nationalization. The article shows the limits of government-controlled, top-down nationalizations and underlines the importance of material culture and daily consumption in the transmission and assimilation of national identity.

The Activation of the Recent Past: National Identity Formation and Conflict in West Papua

National histories, myths and collective memories, invented or constructed, have been viewed as integral parts of national identities. Moreover, numerous nationalist narratives and representations have attempted to gain legitimization and become dominant by referring to a glorious past and by constructing temporal continuities that link in an organic whole putative ancestors and contemporary groups. Although the employment of the national past has attracted considerable analysis in the literature of nationalism, there are certain aspects of this issue that have been understudied. For example, there are numerous accounts on the mobilization of the national past on behalf of collectivities that achieved statehood but there is less interest in systematically examining how non-state nationalisms, which lack the institutions that are necessary for the consolidation of national identities, conceive, construct and project their past. To a lesser degree, there is an unbalanced treatment in favor of the employment of the distant or mythical past, rather than of the impact of the recent past in the construction and/or reproduction of national identities. I argue that the case of the West Papuan nationalism, which remains rather unknown, offers us the opportunity to tackle with these two overlooked theoretical issues. West Papuans can be regarded as a “new” nation, since the process of national identity formation started in the post-war period and especially after 1961. The dominant narrative of West Papuan nationalism does not seek to construct an a-historical national continuity, but rather focuses on the recent past, namely on developments that are connected with the decolonization of the region and its integration in the Indonesian state. After presenting how these developments have been perceived and integrated in Papuan collective representations, the paper argues that the Papuan national past does not build on the activation of a myth, but is rather understood and represented through collective memories. Apart from analyzing the specific function that past plays in the formation of the Papuan national identity, the paper examines how the past is mobilized and activated as a guide for contemporary political action, since competing interpretations of this recent past between the official Indonesian nationalism and the Papuan nationalist movement has become one of the core issues of the ongoing separatist conflict.

Forging democratic citizens: mass nationalization on a local level in the Spanish Second Republic (1931–6)

ABSTRACTThe local arena provides an excellent framework for the study of practices linked to the reproduction of national identities in interwar Europe. This article analyses the transmission and reproduction of a democratic and secular national identity on a local level during the Spanish Second Republic (1931–6). Using a micro-historical approach, the study examines the processes of nationalization of the population in the town of Alagón, an industrial locality 15 miles north of Saragossa. More specifically, the article explores how municipal institutions in Alagón nationalized residents in the public sphere, paying special attention to policies concerning education, political and religious symbols, and holiday celebrations. The text also investigates how private associations transmitted identities, including folk groups, religious brotherhoods, and the local theatre and cinema. Finally, the article explores how the nation was reproduced in the family and the domestic realm. Drawing comparisons with other European cases, the investigation shows the limits of government-controlled, top-down nationalizations and underlines the importance of material culture and daily consumption in the transmission and assimilation of national identities.

China is a hare: The articulation of national identity in Year Hare Affair

National identity is dynamic and dialogic, and its maintenance and reproduction have become increasingly fragmented and fractured. Although recent studies have discerned different modes of articulating national identity, very few studies have focused on youth culture and the maintenance and reproduction of national identity in China. Therefore, this study analyses metaphors, discursive practices and ideologies in the Chinese animation Na nian na tu na xie shi er (Year Hare Affair) using a coherent theoretical framework of multimodal metaphor and critical discourse analysis. First, four genres of multimodal metaphors are identified in animation. Next, this study analyses the ideologies and discursive practices of metaphors and argues that elements of what is called ‘ACG subculture’ – due to its focus on animation, comics and games – articulate elements of dominant culture by raising semantic conflicts in metaphor scenarios. The practice of articulation-produced national identity is informed by the conceptual metaphor CHINA IS A HARE. This metaphor, suggesting historic endurance and the lineage of the Chinese spirit, is an ideologically vested euphemism for national identity that embraces a dual notion of identity that is both national and individual. Finally, the novel reproduction of an endogenous and heterogeneous national identity in animation provides us with space to re-imagine the interplay between national identity, dominant ideology and Chinese youth.

Tahmima Anam’ın A Golden Age ve Roma Tearne’nin Bone China Eserlerinde Kadınlar ve Ulusal Anlatı

This article aims to discuss gendered parameters
 of national identity and collective memory in contemporary South Asian women’s
 writing. Tahmima Anam’s A Golden Age
 (2007) and Roma Tearne’s Bone China
 (2010), in this context, represent the positive transformation of women’s roles
 in the public and private spheres, as well as the understanding of femininity
 and masculinity in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh during the independence war. In the
 reproduction of national identity, there is an emphasis on the significance of
 privatised domestic space, women’s involvement in the national struggle, and a
 feminised collective memory in historically male-constructed nations. In A Golden Age, despite her traditional
 gender roles and controversial national identity, Rehana becomes a defender of
 Bangladesh due to her altering political views, while her daughter, Maya,
 symbolises the progressive role of a new generation of women in the movement.
 In Bone China, besides civil war and
 resistance, immigration enforces a loss of collective identity, whilst women’s
 domestic and public lives are subject to profound change. The two novels
 promise hope for the transformation of women’s roles and status, and emphasise
 the significance of women’s narratives and collective memory in the
 preservation of national identity. 

The three spheres. A theoretical model of mass nationalisation: the case of Spain

AbstractThis article sets out a theoretical model of the processes of mass nationalisation. The paper is divided into three sections. The first part shows nationalisation as a process of identity transmission that includes messages (national narratives), channels (national agencies) and recipients (national individuals). The second section analyses the processes of identity transmission into three spheres of nationalisation: the official public sphere, the non‐official public sphere and the private sphere. The last part looks at the process of mass nationalisation from below and reflects on the mechanisms of individual acquisition and reproduction of national identities on a daily basis. The general model of nationalisation presented here is developed in a deductive way and is applicable to a number of countries all over the world. In this article, I illustrate the general model by giving examples of mass nationalisations in Spain over the last two centuries.

‘Pythagoras in boots’: Johan Cruijff and the Construction of Dutch National Identity

Sporting icons perform a key role in the production and reproduction of national identities. In the Netherlands, no one embodies this sentiment more appropriately than Johan Cruijff, regarded by many as one of the finest professional footballers ever to have played the game. Much of the early part of Cruijff's career (during the 1960s and 1970s) mirrored an era of optimism, (liberal) ideology, freedom, hope and, for the Netherlands competing in international sport, unprecedented success across a range of sports including football, ice skating and cycling. Only a very limited number of players (such as Pele, Platini or Beckenbauer) manage to translate their status as sporting icons onto their subsequent activities beyond the playing field. This article focuses on this phenomenon by examining the case of Cruijff, from an icon on the field of play to his status as a national leader capable of commentating on a range of domestic issues. This analysis also considers the manner in which Cruijff deployed his elevated status in the specific confines of a recent power struggle within his former club Ajax of Amsterdam, the most well-known football club in the Netherlands. The article argues that even in the event of perceived failure and, with this, a possible loss of credibility, the icon retains his prestige and notoriety.

National identities of Poles in Manchester: Modern and postmodern geographies

This article, based on a study carried out in Manchester between 2005 and 2008, contrasts two approaches toward national identity construction expressed by two distinct groups of Polish migrants to the UK; one leads to a strong modern national identity and the other produces a more recent postmodern identity. In both cases, I highlight the constant reproduction of national identity in everyday life and the distinct spatial contexts within which this takes place, and further discuss how national identity has evolved from a primarily collective experience to an individual one, along with the consequences of this transformation.

Representing Taiwan: International sport, ethnicity and national identity in the Republic of China

This article outlines and analyses the political character of Taiwan’s relationship with international sport, and in particular with the Olympic movement. In so doing, it seeks to add to the understanding of the links between sport and the formation and reproduction of national identities, with specific reference to the various cultural and ethnic identities of Taiwan, and to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between ethnic and civic nationalism. The idea of the ‘New Taiwanese’ involves an ethnically divided people coming to see themselves as a cohesive group (Wong, 2001). Success in international sport can contribute to this process as it has in other post-colonial settings. Precisely how national identity formation in Taiwan will further develop, however, is difficult, if not impossible, to predict. What is certain, however, is that sport will continue to play a significant role in the unfolding process.

National sports and national landscapes: In defence of primordialism

This article explores the relationship between landscape, sport and the formation and reproduction of national identities. Central to this discussion is the concept of national sports with evidence being taken from various genres of sports-related literature and from a variety of nations. Just as the landscape provides the context in which national sports are played and watched, it is the playing and watching of these sports which in turn give the landscape added meaning As a consequence of this, the nation, sport and landscape come to be recognised as interconnected texts which taken as whole offer significant insights into the primordial formation of national identities.

The Relationship between Natural Environmental Differences and Reproduction of National Identity in Peripheries

The Relationship between Natural Environmental Differences and Reproduction of National Identity in Peripheries

The impetus of conflict on the reproduction of national identity among exiled Palestinians Evidence from a fieldwork in Syria

This paper discusses the reproduction of Palestinian nationalism among exiled Palestinians in Syria. Through a description of micro-level processes by which nationalism is reproduced, it is shown how important conflict and political struggles are in the formation of national identity and the directions it takes; also among immigrants who do not themselves live in the midst of the conflict. The paper argues that children should not be neglected in studies of nationalism. Memories of conflict and forced migration are found important in socialising the children, who are considered important co-actors in the process of preserving Palestinian nationalism in exile.