Reproduction Of Masculinity Research Articles

Entrepreneurial working-class masculinities and curating the corporeal: social media influencers, porntrepreneurs and the case of OnlyFans

PurposeFor the most part, the majority of the research on entrepreneurial masculinities has focused on the traditional business and finance sector, capturing a masculinity infused with notions of dominance, a cut-throat disposition and corporate acumen. There has been relatively less attention focused on the reproduction of masculinities and monetized body work in digital forms of entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual article explores some of the entrepreneurial and performative skills utilized by male OnlyFans creators as they curate not only their bodies but also their sexualities in order to attract subscribers and maximize profits.FindingsMapping the relationship between entrepreneurialism and masculinity on OnlyFans is significant considering the platform’s popularity and the changing nature of digital entrepreneurship. Drawing connections to previous research on working-class entrepreneurial masculinities, we highlight how male OnlyFans creators, who are largely from working-class backgrounds, are actively practicing entrepreneurial skills.Originality/valueWe foreground the work of social media creators as sexualized and aesthetic labour, making connections between digital entrepreneurship, working-class masculinity, sexuality, and (idealized) bodies. Our article concludes with making recommendations for future research on the study of gender and sexuality within for-profit digital entrepreneurship.

Chopping carrots and becoming ‘real’ men: Uzbek boys, household work and the reproduction of masculinities in post-Soviet Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT Since Uzbekistan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, nationalist discourses have been overtly masculinized, continuing to inform Uzbek males’ daily lives. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Uzbekistan, this article illustrates how Uzbek boys’ domestic relations contribute to the way they learn to (re)produce masculinities, foregrounding a high degree of agency and utility. The analysis uncovered three themes central to the (re)production of Uzbek boyhood in Uzbek families as a site of informal learning: (1) being helpful through domestic labour; (2) being social through showing hospitality; and (3) being tarbiyali through practising national culture. Through scrutinizing the intersections of gender, education and nationalism, this article concludes by connecting Uzbek boyhood in the domestic sphere and nationalist campaigns fostering masculine hegemony in Uzbekistan’s nation building process. Through domesticity – a contentious concept in feminist criticism – this article expands our understanding of the (re)production of boyhood in a conventionally feminized space.

“Be a man”: boys’ talk about gender in families

ABSTRACT This paper draws from an ethnographic study of 8–9-year-old primary school boys’ construction of masculinities. We focus on a group of Indian and black school boys situated in a working class setting in South Africa. In their narratives, the family emerged as one of the central organising sites for the social production and reproduction of masculinity. While masculinities are produced within a broader social and cultural context, this paper gives significance to family dynamics in shaping and reinforcing young masculinities. We show that while boys address family in relation to the reification of gender binaries and hegemonic patterns related to gender roles, sexuality and violence, their performances of masculinities were not entirely reiterative of these norms. Instead, boys actively challenged, negotiated and resisted dominant norms hence destabilising homogenous conceptualisations of children as passive recipients of received knowledge and oppressed power. We foreground young boys’ agency in their negotiation of masculinities and further demonstrate how the broader historical and social forces of race, class and culture intersect with dominant gender discourses within the context of families to enable plural versions of masculinities.

“Jocks Gone Wild”: Masculinity, Sexual Bullying, and the Legal Normalization of Boys’ Victimization

Abstract The enactment of sexual violence is a key mechanism in the reproduction of masculinity. Yet most previous research examines the victimization of women and girls, even though men and boys do sometimes experience sexual violence. I take the case of sexual bullying on a high school athletic team to investigate the legal construction of teenaged boys’ sexual victimization. I examine the police investigation and subsequent prosecution of five youths who were charged with felonies related to sexual bullying. Data are threefold: 1) audio recordings of police detective interviews with 21 witnesses; 2) in-depth interviews with three attorneys who worked on the case; and 3) media reports about the case. This is an innovative approach because there is little knowledge about the analytical logics of sex crime investigations, as scholarly research often focuses on legal outcomes. Findings show that key actors involved in the case, including many of the boys, were ultimately able to contain the stigmatizing threat of male-male sexual bullying by invoking a discourse of comedy and friendship. This research has theoretical implications for masculinity studies, sociology of law, and scholarship on sexual assault.

Beslenme, Kimlik ve Erkeklik: Et Yemenin Sosyolojisi

The biological need for nutrition is also a cultural practice involving many convergences and inequalities, especially with regard to gender. One of the most common practices of gender-based nutritional inequalities is meat eating. Indeed, meat eating has traditionally been a masculine practice in many cultures from past to present and is associated with a number of characteristics attributed to masculinity such as hunting, aggression, strength, and domination over nature. Vegetables, fruits, and grains, on the other hand, have been engendered as feminine by referring to the characteristics of gathering, submission, and sensuality that patriarchal societies attribute to women. This study aims to examine from the perspective of male athletes the relationship the masculine identity has with meat eating, which many cultures have socially constructed as a patriarchal symbol. The study was conducted in 2019 using the qualitative method and phenomenological design. Data have been collected from semi-structured interviews held with 14 men who play various sports and live in Eskişehir. The findings indicate some men to eat meat as a reproduction of masculinity and veganism/vegetarianism to be perceived as feminine; therefore, men who do not eat meat are excluded from patriarchal and sexist emphases. Moreover, another finding of the study reveals that barbequing reproduces hegemonic masculinity as a homo-social association.

Problematising ‘Toxic’ and ‘Healthy’ Masculinity for Addressing Gender Inequalities

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the emergence of ‘toxic’ and ‘healthy masculinity’ in public discourse in addressing gender inequalities. ‘Toxic’ has emerged through greater awareness of men’s violence against women, and men’s high rates of health distress and lack of help-seeking. ‘Healthy’ is thus a response to ‘toxic masculinity’, attempting to encourage men to engage in expressions of masculinity that are not harmful to others, or themselves as a way to address gender inequalities. This article argues that in using a term such as ‘toxic masculinity’, we continue to position men as victims of a broader vague entity rather than highlighting their agency in the reproduction of masculinity. Equally, in using a term such as ‘healthy masculinity’, we continue to set masculinity up as the only expression of gender that men can legitimately engage in, thus reinforcing the notion that femininity (and by extension, androgyny) remains a less valued, and less legitimate, expression of gender. In doing so, ‘toxic’ and ‘healthy masculinity’ continue to reproduce, rather than address gender inequalities, and do not support the breaking down of gender binaries.

Masculinizing national service: the cultural reproduction of masculinities and militarization of male citizenship in Singapore

ABSTRACTAs a conscription-based military, the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) fulfils an important role in transforming Singaporean boys from various classes and ethnic backgrounds into adult men. At a time when there is interest in the production and performativity of military masculinities in countries that have abandoned conscription, this article examines how, as a rite of passage into manhood, compulsory enlistment in the SAF reproduces hegemonic masculinities denoting ruggedness, perseverance, leadership, muscular manliness and self-discipline. Whilst the SAF can be represented as a site for hegemonic masculinities in the authoritarian Southeast Asian city-state, this work articulates a framework for theorizing how military masculinities are responsible for gendering male citizenship in Singapore. It also suggests that military masculinities can be conceptualized as cultural capital that allows Singaporean males to construct masculinity and assert a male identity in various social settings whilst gaining access to elite networks of power.

Grindr y la masculinidad hegemónica: aproximación comparativa al rechazo de la feminidad

En este artículo se tratará de revelar una de las estrategias que se despliegan en la reproducción de la masculinidad en tanto hegemonía, esto es, el rechazo de lo femenino proyectado como emasculación. La información ha sido recogida directamente de los perfiles de Grindr --aplicación (app) para establecer contacto entre hombres-- en puntos céntricos de tres ciudades: dos hispanohablantes (Ciudad de México y Madrid) y otra anglófona (Londres). A través de la comparación de mensajes en estos tres lugares se explora cómo el fenómeno del rechazo de la feminidad en varones —en este caso homosexuales y bisexuales mayoritariamente— se presenta con carácter transversal en las sociedades patriarcales.

Воспроизводство маскулинности: семья как основной агент социализации

Воспроизводство маскулинности: семья как основной агент социализации

Drinking, Violence Against Women and the Reproduction of Masculinity in Oron, Nigeria

Violence against women is recognized as a violation of human rights and a threat to the achievement of gender equality and development globally. Following suggested link between alcohol use and violence in previous studies, this study investigates the role of alcohol use and violence in the reproduction of masculinity. Qualitative data from in-depth individual and group interviews with 413 men in 6 villages in Oron, Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria was used. The data reveals that men use violence in various ways towards their spouses to curb attempts to spurn traditional gender roles. Underlying most of the incidences of male violence is heavy use of alcohol, which is a potent cultural symbol of masculinity. Heavy drinking is common in these communities and its role in the incidence of violence against women is established by the accounts of participants. The rationalization of male violence with reference to the use of alcohol makes it clear that both practices are mutually implicated in the reproduction of local images of masculinity. Policy on alcohol problems and gender-based violence needs to recognize the metonymic significance of drinking and violence in the definition of manhood. Key Words : Alcohol; Masculinity; Violence against Women; Nigeria

The Reproduction of Masculinity: A Discourse Analysis of Men's Drinking Talk

Groups of male ex-university students' discourse about drinking was examined to identify the interpretative repertoires that they used to construct real-seeming versions of masculinity. Two repertoires were identified: An essentialist account and a normative masculinity account. These repertoires, though riven with contradictions, were deployed to construct stable and universal gender differences and to marginalize ‘deviant’ masculinities. Their functions both within the micro-context of the group discussion and within the wider ideological context of gender relations are explored.