Representatives Of Different Disciplines Research Articles

Speech Melody Research as the Interdisciplinary Foundation of the Petrograd Institute of the Living Word

The assumption of similarity between artistic speech melody and music was deeply rooted in Russian Symbolism and based on the culturally established analogy between poetry/lyrical prosody and music. This connection was the basis for a wide range of performative practices focused on performed word such as the experiments of director Vsevolod Meyerhold and composer Mikhail Gnesin in Petrograd theater studios in 1900–1910s, and the collective declamation of Vasilii Serezhnikov and Vsevolod Vsevolodskii-Gerngross. However, after the October revolution, this analogy not only inspired new artistic paths, but also new approaches in humanities. This article explores the correlation between a practice-based strategy and advanced theory that characterized the structure and curricula of the Petrograd Institute of the Living Word (Institut zhivogo slova; 1918–1924). Its specific institutional features affected the development of disciplines in the fields of linguistics, poetics, and literary studies. The earlier period of its work (1918–1921) was defined by the search for common ground, which could unite representatives of different disciplines. The study of the melody of speech, which this article is focused on, became one of the key joint research projects of the Institute’s team. It is the perspective of the Institute of the Living Word’s research projects and performance-related art practices that is used for analysis of the Russian Formalist approaches in the 1910s–20s, specifically articles and books of philologist Boris Eikhenbaum on the melody and composition of verse intonation.

Символический капитал авангарда в дискурсе неофициального искусства 1960–1980-х гг.

The article considers the work of independent artists of the 1960s and 1980s, rethinking the heritage of the avant-garde. In the unofficial art discourse, the ideas of the beginning of the XX century represent symbolic capital, significant for artists in the formation of new techniques. The appeal to the avant-garde tradition unites various regional schools of non-conformism in an effort to create a synthesis of contemporary artistic practices and art of the past. Unofficial art unites representatives of different disciplines, were separated from public ac-tivities due to long censorship. The creative and conceptual searches of the artists expressed a disconnect be-tween personal, emotional and inner world of artistic thinking in the late 1950s, tired of operating a single sys-tem. The appeal to the avant-garde tradition unites various regional schools of non-conformism in an effort to create a synthesis of contemporary artistic practices and art of the past. Moscow nonconformists developed a conceptual direction, representatives of the Leningrad underground experimented with methods of metaphysi-cal painting and abstract art, ideas of decorative symbolism were preserved in the works of Saratov noncon-formists. Interacting with the avant-garde, nonconformists form a unity of figurative and abstract painting, a dis-tinctive feature of unofficial art.

TRANSFORMATION OF SCIENTIFIC RATIONALITY IN THE AGE OF GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS

The study substantiates the claim that the priority of scientific rationality in social life and the expansion of network communications, both in the scientific sphere and in society as a whole, intensify global communication processes between various agents – representatives of different disciplines and professional circles, science and society, science and government, etc. It is demonstrated that scientific rationality, as a reflection of basic cognitive, axiological, praxeological norms, rules of ideals of researchers' activities, is transforming from an isomorphic, exclusively epistemological phenomenon and methodological regulation into a polymorphic complex combination of communicative, social, moral, ethical or spiritual rationality and context-bound rationality. The new rationality is being formed in the practices of transdisciplinary research, the public sphere of science, and the moral and ethical discourse of our time. Along with cognitive, technical, and technological functions, it performs socio-cultural and humanitarian tasks.

Proposing a Scientific and Technological Approach to the Summaries of Clinical Issues of Inpatient Elderly with Delirium: A Viewpoint.

Background/rationale: Despite mounting evidence about delirium, this complex geriatric syndrome is still not well managed in clinical contexts. The aging population creates a very demanding area for innovation and technology in healthcare. For instance, an outline of an aging-friendly healthcare environment and clear guidance for technology-supported improvements for people at delirium risk are lacking. Objective: We aimed to foster debate about the importance of technical support in optimizing healthcare professional practice and improving the outcomes for inpatients’ at delirium risk. We focused on critical clinical points in the field of delirium worthy of being addressed by a multidisciplinary approach. Methods: Starting from a consensus workshop sponsored by the Management Perfectioning Course based at the Marco Biagi Foundation (Modena, Italy) about clinical issues related to delirium management still not addressed in our healthcare organizations, we developed a requirements’ analysis among the representatives of different disciplines and tried to formulate how technology could support the summaries of the clinical issues. We analyzed the national and international panorama by a PubMed consultation of articles with the following keywords in advanced research: “delirium”, “delirium management”, “technology in healthcare”, and “elderly population”. Results: Despite international recommendations, delirium remains underdiagnosed, underdetected, underreported, and mismanaged in the acute hospital, increasing healthcare costs, healthcare professionals’ job distress, and poor clinical outcomes. Discussion: Although all healthcare professionals recognize delirium as a severe and potentially preventable source of morbidity and mortality for hospitalized older people, it receives insufficient attention in resource allocation and multidisciplinary research. We synthesized how tech-based tools could offer potential solutions to the critical clinical points in delirium management.

Συμμετρiα – Symmetria – Symmetry

The idea of the triennial congresses “Symmetry: Art and Science” is going back to the late 1980s, with a desire that the “Two Cultures” should have some bridges. Our goal was to provide a regular forum where representatives of different disciplines from East and West may come together for interdisciplinary exchange of ideas and shaping new forms of co-operations. We reached already five continents, and now we pay tribute to “Portuguese symmetries”. We survey the development of the concept symmetry, starting from zoo- and ethno-mathematics (Platonic solids). We also discuss the related terminology of συμμετρία – symmetria – symmetry. We suggest that the Greek concept of συμμετρία (commensurability) vs. ἀσυμμετρία (incommensurability) played a relevant role at the be- ginnings of mathematics, then reached aesthetics (due proportion), and became a central concept in Vitruvius’ theory of architecture. The term also appeared in the Greek Bible, but later disappeared in the translations. We present our view on how symmetry “returned” to the mainstream of art and then of science and gained a new meaning-family (bilateral, rotational, translatory symmetries, and invariances). Parallel with this, we present an “anti-golden-sectionism” because in some “well- known” cases the Golden Section (GS) had no role at all. On the other hand, the GS gained some importance in other cases that are less known. We discuss the Pacioli – Leonardo connection, adding that “Leonardo’s code” in the case of his reconstruction of the “Vitruvian man” was not the GS, but perhaps the simple ratio 1/3. Finally, we turn to future tasks, including interdisciplinary education.

СУЧАСНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ПРОЦЕСУ ОХОРОНИ МАТЕРІАЛЬНОЇ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ВИБРАНИХ ПРИКЛАДІВ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ДОСВІДУ

Cultural property is the heritage that defines and constructs our identity. We share responsibility for its protection. The important thing is the approach to cultural property and its respective protection and restoration. This article tries to understand the mechanisms used to prepare facilities for restoration properly. Trends and examples of countries that have faced similar challenges in protecting the cultural heritage we face in Ukraine are discussed. The article describes a new holistic approach to researching and preserving cultural property called 'restoration design.' The role of the art restorer as an interdisciplinary specialist, who can be a link between representatives of different disciplines of science and art in restoration, has been determined. This new approach to protecting and preserving cultural property, which has existed for many years in Western Europe, was also applied and discussed in concrete examples of restoration projects in Western Ukraine. It has been determined that such a model certainly improves the overall approach to the preparatory process and the implementation of works related to the protection of material heritage. The increasing role of the art restorer is perfectly consistent with this pattern. The restorer ensures a holistic approach to the cultural heritage object concerning its historical and artistic values. Proven models from other countries can be the basis for further discussion of the future of restoration in Ukraine.

The abdominal pain unit as atreatment pathway : Structured care of patients with atraumatic abdominal pain in the emergency department

Patients with atraumatic abdominal pain are common in the emergency department and have arelatively high hospital mortality, with avery wide spectrum of different causes. Rapid, goal-directed diagnosis is essential in this context. In aDelphi process with representatives of different disciplines, adiagnostic treatment pathway was designed, which is called the Abdominal Pain Unit (APU). The treatment pathway was designed as an extended event process chain. Crucial decision points were specified using standard operating procedures. The APU treatment pathway establishes aconsistent treatment structure for patients with atraumatic abdominal pain. It has the potential to improve the quality of care and reduce intrahospital mortality over the long term.

Cikkismertetés: Van-e összefüggés a sorsunk feletti kontroll és az egészségi állapotunk között?

The conclusion of the article has an important added value for Hungarian research: the main conclusion is that representatives of different disciplines can only carry out real exploratory research in cooperation and by examining the problem from each other's perspective, at the micro-, meso- and macro-level. Failing this, they can only investigate and correct the problem in isolation, but the complex mechanism of action remains hidden, so that the problem reappears, even in a more serious form. An excellent example of this is homelessness care that focuses on immediate care - while an important first step - it does not help to change the individual, community, social situation of the homeless, helping them to change their situation, or prevent other individuals from being declassified by the same mechanism of action.   &nbsp

Children, Society and Future. Proceedings of the III Congress on Mental Health: Meeting the Needs of the XXI Century

The paper presents a review of the Collection of Research Papers of the III Congress on Mental Health: Meeting the Needs of the XXI Century – CHILDREN, SOCIETY, and FUTURE. The authors are medical and non-medical specialists from more than 130 research and educational institutions located in Russia, USA, Canada, Germany, UK, Israel, Spain, Greece, Brazil, Mexica, Portugal, Thailand, Belorussia, and Kyrgyz Republic. They share the latest results of research and practical activities on a wide range of mental health problems of children and adolescents in different areas of scientific knowledge including general medicine, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychology, social policy, education, law, economics, sports and art. Scientific and practical evidence and approaches to solving problems in the field of mental health and well-being of children and adolescents, presented in an interdisciplinary format and described in more than 200 articles, provide invaluable reference materials for researchers and practitioners. The variety of topics and approaches to solving certain mental health problems of children and adolescents, touched upon in the works of representatives of different disciplines, reflects the breadth of search for general and specific answers to the most complex and painful questions, which in most cases requires thoughtful interdisciplinary interaction. To show this in all possible completeness and at the same time to try to stimulate the further development of these promising trends is the main goal of this Collection. The e-version of the collection is available on the Union for Mental Health website: http://www.mental-health-congress.ru/en/

A reflexintegrációs mozgásterápiák történeti háttere

Nowadays the prevalence of reflex integration therapy is unquestionable. The methods usually refer only to professional experience, which results in arguments between representatives of different disciplines. With this historical overview, readers can get a comprehensive picture of different disciplines that have developed in close connection with each other and, as a result, many thousands of children could receive therapy through complex professional developments.

Походження і природа свідомості: до постановки проблеми

The problem of the origin of consciousness has intrigued researchers for centuries. Every thinker has interpreted this problem in a unique way, and therefore several concepts of the origin of consciousness have been proposed. There are: the theological concept according to which human’s consciousness is a gift of God; the dualistic concept that focuses on the fact that our mind is not identical with our brain; the labor concept of anthroposociogenesis, which is based on the fact that matter in its self-development under certain conditions generates consciousness; the evolutionary concepts (Darwinism and Neo-Lamarckism); the spiritual evolutionism of P. Teilhard de Chardin; the filed theories of consciousness, which interpret consciousness as identical to the field in the general sense (W. Köhler, B. Libet), the electromagnetic field theory of consciousness; J. Hagelin’s unified field theory of consciousness; the concept of a single information field. The origin of consciousness is one of the most puzzling mysteries of the human mind due to the inherent conceptual and theoretical difficulties. We still do not know much about the work of the brain; we do not know exactly what underlies its higher functions and human consciousness. However, in recent years, the progress in this area is evident. Consciousness cannot be explained by appealing to the only one area of scientific knowledge. Therefore, today, it is necessary to develop a new interdisciplinary approach to the new theory of consciousness, which will reveal the multifaceted nature of a human and humanity. Further understanding of the phenomenon of consciousness and its origin requires the cooperation of representatives of different disciplines, the creation of the unified platform for interaction between all branches of knowledge. The purpose of the article is to analyze the theories of the origin and nature of consciousness.

AFCC Think Tanks: Promoting Dialogue on Difficult Issues in Family Law*

This article examines three think tanks sponsored by the Association of Family and Conciliation Courts, which convened representatives of different disciplines, often with differing perspectives, to address policy and practice dilemmas in family law and dispute resolution. This essay was initially commissioned by the Nuffield Foundation, London, UK, as an Insight Article for its Family Justice Observatory, which aims to improve the use of data and research evidence in the family justice system in England and Wales. The think tank process is described and analyzed, identifying factors that created challenges and those that led to success.

LIFE AS A STORY – ETHICAL DIMENSION OF THE NARRATIVE IDENTITY CONCEPT

The article adresses the issue of narrative identity, which is a specific form of an individual identity, studied by the representatives of different disciplines of humanistic and social sciences – philosophers, sociologists or psychologists. A characteristic feature of narrative identity concepts is the conviction, that the person understands himself and define taking into account triple time perspective – not only the present, in which one makes auto-identification, but also the past, which led him to it and the future, that will require a redefinition. Human life is a story and our identity is constituted in relation to history, society, significant others and an ethical horizon. The article presents the most significant narrative identity concepts and emphasizes their ethical dimension, which is considered to be of central importance from a pedagogical point of view.

Badania nad początkami szklarstwa i wyrobami szklanymi na ziemiach polskich: problemy i metody badań. Zarys

The discovery of relics initially interpreted as a glasswork from the 11th century that occurred in Kruszwica in 1953 was followed by increased interest in glassware found at excavations in Poland. Even though the later laboratory analyses from 1964 revealed that the discovered furnace was not directly connected with glassmaking, studies on production of glass became more frequent. They were conducted on two levels: 1. by institutions related to glass industry, 2. by archaeologists and historians in cooperation with chemists, physicians and technologists. The large amount of source material that consisted of glass-related finds obtained during the millennial excavations as well as establishing a research team comprised of representatives of different disciplines allowed for interdisciplinary studies on glassware and relics of glassmaking. They led to addressing theoretical foundations and methods of research on this category of finds. Numerous studies, including books and papers, were also published and a new scientific discipline, history of glass, was born in Poland.

Why Archaeologists, Historians and Geneticists Should Work Together – and How

In recent years, molecular genetics has opened up an entirely new approach to human history. DNA evidence is now being used not only in studies of early human evolution (molecular anthropology), but is increasingly helping to solve the puzzles of history. This emergent research field has become known as »genetic history«. <br/><br/>The paper gives an overview on this new field of research. The aim is both to discuss in what ways the ascendant discipline of genetic history is relevant, and to pinpoint both the potentials and the pitfalls of the field. At the same time, we would like to raise the profile of the field within the humanities and cultural studies. We hope that the opportunity for communication between representatives of different disciplines will contribute to loosening up the widespread monodisciplinary method of working and, in particular, bring together the relevant scientific and cultural streams of research.

BIOETHICS IN TRANSDISCIPLINARY AND INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTEXT OF POST-NONCLASSICAL SCIENCE

Bioethics is an offspring of the post-nonclassical science. The subject of this research is its genesis and development in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary space of the existence of modern philosophical-scientific thought. The direction of analysis is chosen by the author led to some inferences. Foremost, we will point out that anthropological turn in science is one of the main factors, which have created bioethical interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. The aforecited bioethics characteristics created the possibility of the complex solution for this science’s problems. Philosophical and ethical concepts and methods had played very important role in bioethics formation as a new form of scientific cognition. At the same time, bioethics enriches and upgrades classical philosophy with new interpretations of fundamental philosophical problems. Bioethics formed in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary context of modern science is the life axiology.In order to find axiological importance of bioethics, we have decided to identify links and relationships within bioethics as a whole system. We constructed the bioethics concept as an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study of the moral and social problems caused by development of modern biomedical technologies. We then used this concept to form such philosophical-scientific comprehension paradigm of a problem of axiological justification of human life and health in the modern world, which assumes cooperation between representatives of different disciplines, and expansion of scientific outlook—its exit from a scientific radius.

Model of Core Competence Ranking in Audit Business

Research of core competences as a theoretical construct has picked up steam just in approximately 2002. Problems in defining the competence of a company are predetermined by the fragmentary pattern of research and the lack of interdisciplinary approach: competence as “the universal topic is studied in many academic fields” (Gao, Li, & Clarke, 2008). Besides, competence is independently studied by representatives of different disciplines as well as different science trends, each of them putting accents according to their scientific interests. Thus, the answer to the question “What is competence and what it is not?” is not as simple and clear as it may seem at first sight. The lack of clear and standardized terms stops further research in this field of competence measurement, management, etc. The paper analyses the term of a core competence and its interpretations in an audit discipline. The content of competence needs top-level executives, profiles of their strategic consultation, organisational training faces with respective corrections. In other words, classic strategic management is certainly not disproved; just all of its fields should be verified and modelled through the prism of risk and crisis management (Banyte, 2008). Framework for International Education Statements (FIES) allows looking at the audit risk in terms of competence assessment, that is, creates preconditions for competence assessment and improvement of theoretical fundamentals of the audit risk management algorithm (Staliuniene, 2009). On the basis of such fundamentals, the concept of competence is defined, standards of universally accepted “good practice” are determined in the fields of training and refresher courses of professional accountants and auditors as well as the requirements for the competence of audit professionals. The standard mentioned explains the concept of competence as the demonstrated ability to perform relevant roles or tasks to the required standard. Competence may be assessed by a variety of means, including workplace performance, workplace simulations, written and oral tests of various types, and self-assessment. Such assessment will give just an episodic conclusion but will not ensure competitive advantage, which only proves the status of audit as a knowledge-intensive organisation (Rajala & Westerlund, 2005, Muller& Doloreux, 2007, Staliuniene, 2009). The question is how to determine what competences are in order in particular situation in audit business while trying to match expatiations of customers, effectively using available resources and gaining the benefits of external opportunities. This study aims to conceptualize the core competencies ranking model. The model presented and verified in this paper is based on integration of BSC to ERM (COSO) models. Results of the research let us maintain that the audit organisations should pay more attention to the immediate pursuit of the core competences. Acceptance and continuance of the relationship with the customer remain the core competence.

Scientists’ Perspectives on the Deliberate Release of GM Crops

In this paper we analyse scientists’ perspectives on the release of genetically modified (GM) crops into the environment, and the relationship between their perspectives and the context that they work within, e.g. their place of employment (university or industry), funding of their research (public or industry) and their disciplinary background (ecology, molecular biology or conventional plant breeding). We employed Q-methodology to examine these issues. Two distinct factors were identified by interviewing 62 scientists. These two factors included 92 per cent of the sample. Scientists in factor 1 had a moderately negative attitude to GM crops and emphasised the uncertainty and ignorance involved, while scientists in factor 2 had a positive attitude to GM crops and emphasised that GM crops are useful and do not represent any unique risks compared to conventional crops. Funding had a significant effect on the perspective held by the scientists in this study. No ecologists were associated with factor 2, while all the scientists employed in the GM-industry were associated with this factor. The strong effects of training and funding might justify certain institutional changes concerning how we organise science and how we make public decisions when new technologies are to be evaluated. Policy makers should encourage more interdisciplinary training and research and they should make sure that representatives of different disciplines are involved in public decisions on new technologies.

Scientists’ Perspectives on the Deliberate Release of GM Crops

In this paper we analyse scientists’ perspectives on the release of genetically modified (GM) crops into the environment, and the relationship between their perspectives and the context that they work within, e.g. their place of employment (university or industry), funding of their research (public or industry) and their disciplinary background (ecology, molecular biology or conventional plant breeding). We employed Q-methodology to examine these issues. Two distinct factors were identified by interviewing 62 scientists. These two factors included 92 per cent of the sample. Scientists in factor 1 had a moderately negative attitude to GM crops and emphasised the uncertainty and ignorance involved, while scientists in factor 2 had a positive attitude to GM crops and emphasised that GM crops are useful and do not represent any unique risks compared to conventional crops. Funding had a significant effect on the perspective held by the scientists in this study. No ecologists were associated with factor 2, while all the scientists employed in the GM-industry were associated with this factor. The strong effects of training and funding might justify certain institutional changes concerning how we organise science and how we make public decisions when new technologies are to be evaluated. Policy makers should encourage more interdisciplinary training and research and they should make sure that representatives of different disciplines are involved in public decisions on new technologies.

Jämställdhet och genus på akademins villkor

This artide focuses on political gender equality interventions in the academy during the last fifteen years. The point of departure is a clash between different ideals. On the one hand, there is a politicalinterestlo balance the numberof men and women on the most prestigious positions in the academy, and to enhance research on gender in the academy. The academy, on the other hand, strivesto maintain autonomytowardsthe political field. Mertonian imperatives can be said to govern in the academy, where meritocracy and the freedom of research are highly regarded. The academy is not opposed to gender equality per se, but there is a fear for the loss of self-determination. Political interventions based on recommendations tally well with the academic ideals, whereas directives that are understood as compulsive, do not. The Thamprofessorships in the mid-nineties are examples on the latter. The advertising of the posts was combined with the possibility of employing affirmative action, which was seen as a threat against meritocracy. The political steps are here analysed in terms of translation and the discussion focus on how political measures have been received inside the academy and how the academy strived for adjusting externat requirement for change to suit their own ideals. This article shows that the original intentions of the Thamprofessorships tended to be watered-down, and the primary intentions were hidden and their instatement was partly merely symbolic. Representatives of different disciplines tried to translate the gender content of the political investment into terms that better suited the doxa of the discipline and "gender" risked beingtranslated into "studies on women". The success rate of the intervention was dependent on co-operation and the alliance between politicians and gender researchers, which in itself is challenging.