Representative Sample Of Young People Research Articles

Prevalence and Profiles of Risky Driving Behavior Among US Teenagers

This survey study updates prevalence data on risky driving behaviors in a nationally representative sample of young people in the US and characterizes profiles of drivers according to the types of risky behaviors they engaged in.

Acute phase mediator interleukin-6 and depression, work-related stress among young people (25-44 years old)

Aim. To study the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels with depression and stress at work among young people (25-44 years old) in Novosibirsk.Material and methods. A random representative sample of young people (25-44 years old) in Novosibirsk was surveyed (975 people of both sexes; response rate, 71%) in 2013-2016 on the basis of Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (FWNR-2024-0002). All respondents signed informed consent. The World Health Organization MONICA-Psychosocial (MOPSY) scale was used to assess depression. Work-related stress was determined using the Karasek’s scale included in the program protocol. Quantitative determination of IL-6 was carried out in the laboratory of clinical biochemical and hormonal studies of therapeutic diseases of the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics.Results. High level of depression among people of both sexes aged 25-44 years were 11,9% (among men — 8,5%, among women — 14,6%). The level of IL-6 was higher in individuals of both sexes with high level of depression — 1,33 [0,72;3,92] pg/ml than without depression — 1,16 [0,63;2,37] pg/ml) (p=0,002). In women with high level of depression, IL-6 value was higher (1,31 [0,72;3,86] pg/ml) than in those without depression (1 [0,53;2,03] pg/ml) or a moderate depression — 1,06 [0,58;2,14] pg/ml, (p=0,002). The level of IL-6 was higher among people of both sexes who had changed occupation within the last 12 months (1,4 [0,67;3,58] pg/ml) than among those who had no changes — 1,12 [0,63;2,04] pg/ml. Among participants who assessed their work responsibility as very high, the median levels of serum IL-6 were higher (1,7 [0,72;5,48] pg/ml), than among people with high work load (1,37 [0,58;5,18] pg/ml), as well as with a moderate (1,21 [0,63;2,5] pg/ml) and a slight (1,09 [0,63;1,98] pg/ml) work load.Conclusion. A significantly higher level of IL-6 was found in depression and workplace stress among young people (25-44 years old) compared to people without depression and not experiencing workplace stress.

Treatment-seeking young people enrolled in a United States vaping cessation intervention trial report high frequency of use and nicotine dependence

ObjectiveThis study examines characteristics of participants enrolled in a vaping cessation intervention trial and study generalizability of the treatment-seeking sample to the broader population of young people interested in quitting vaping to evaluate dissemination of an evidence-based treatment program. MethodsData was obtained from 697 treatment-seeking participants (aged 13–24 years) from a vaping cessation intervention trial conducted between February and March 2023 with This is Quitting and 665 participants who expressed intent to quit vaping in the Truth Longitudinal Cohort, a nationally representative longitudinal study of United States youth and young adults (aged 15–24 years), collected October 2022 to February 2023. Comparisons were made using two-sample Pearson Chi-square tests and t-tests. ResultsTreatment-seeking young people were younger, less racially diverse, more diverse in sexual orientation, and reported higher psychological distress, frequency of e-cigarette use, and nicotine dependence, relative to the nationally representative sample of young people expressing intentions to quit vaping. ConclusionsParticipants enrolled in treatment reported higher levels of dependence and use frequency than the broader population, suggesting that many young e-cigarette users with lower dependence who want to quit might not be reached by current treatment dissemination efforts. The implication of these findings is that communications for vaping cessation programs may need to be adjusted to have broader appeal among young people.

A Study on Awareness of Startup on Young Minds Which Impacts New Innovations and Gross Domestic Product

This empirical research examines young people's knowledge of startups and how it affects new inventions and the GDP of the nation. The study focuses on the lack of new inventions that occur when young people are unaware about startups. The goal of the study is to raise awareness of startups among all young people. The purpose of the study is to comprehend how young people's startup knowledge affects the generation of creative ideas and ensuing economic progress. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, gathering data using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Surveys of a representative sample of young people from a range of demographic backgrounds are then undertaken. Regression modelling and correlation analysis are two statistical methods used to analyse the gathered data. The results show how young brains are aware of startups and the potential for implementing the creation of fresh, creative ideas. Additionally, the study investigates the relationship between innovation and startup awareness and how it affects a country's total GDP growth. The study's findings add to our knowledge of how young people's startup awareness influences new inventions and propels economic growth. The results might provide guidance to academic institutions about the significance of raising young people's knowledge of startups in order to ultimately improve innovation and economic growth.

Impact of digital screen media activity on functional brain organization in late childhood: Evidence from the ABCD study

The idea that the increased ubiquity of digital devices negatively impacts neurodevelopment is as compelling as it is disturbing. This study investigated this concern by systematically evaluating how different profiles of screen-based engagement related to functional brain organization in late childhood. We studied participants from a large and representative sample of young people participating in the first two years of the ABCD study (ages 9–12 years) to investigate the relations between self-reported use of various digital screen media activity (SMA) and functional brain organization. A series of generalized additive mixed models evaluated how these relationships related to functional outcomes associated with health and cognition. Of principal interest were two hypotheses: First, that functional brain organization (assessed through resting state functional connectivity MRI; rs-fcMRI) is related to digital screen engagement; and second, that children with higher rates of engagement will have functional brain organization profiles related to maladaptive functioning. Results did not support either of these predictions for SMA. Further, exploratory analyses predicting how screen media activity impacted neural trajectories showed no significant impact of SMA on neural maturation over a two-year period.

Subjective Reactions to First Coitus in Relation to Participant Sex, Partner Age, and Context in a German Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults.

Analysis of a Finnish nationally representative student sample found that subjective reactions to first intercourse (mostly heterosexual; usually in adolescence) were highly positive for boys and mostly positive for girls, whether involved with peers or adults (Rind, 2022). The present study examined the generality of these findings by examining subjective reactions to first coitus (heterosexual intercourse) in a German nationally representative sample of young people (data collected in 2014). Most first coitus was postpubertal. Males reacted mostly positively and uncommonly negatively in similar fashion in all age pairings: boy-girl (71% positive, 13% negative); boy-woman (73% positive; 17% negative); man-woman (73% positive, 15% negative). Females' reactions were more mixed, similar in the girl-boy (48% positive; 37% negative) and woman-man (46% positive, 36% negative) groups, but less favorable in the girl-man group (32% positive, 47% negative). In logistic regressions, adjusting for other factors, rates of positive reactions were unrelated to age groups. These rates did increase, in order of importance, when participants were male, their partners were close, they expected the coitus to happen, and they affirmatively wanted it. Reaction rates were computed from the Finnish sample, restricting cases to first coitus occurring in the 2000s, and then compared to minors' reactions in the German sample. The Finns reacted more favorably, similarly in both minor-peer and minor-adult coitus, with twice the odds of reacting positively. It was argued that this discrepancy was due to cultural differences (e.g., Finnish culture is more sex-positive). To account for the reaction patterns shown in the adolescent-adult coitus, sizably at odds with expectations from mainstream professional thinking, an evolutionary framework was employed.

Prevalence and predictors of benevolent childhood experiences among a representative sample of young people.

Emerging research evidence suggests that benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) may partly explain more favourable mental health outcomes among individuals affected by adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, much of this research has focused on adult populations. Consequently, this study sought to provide the first rigorous assessment of the prevalence and predictors of BCEs using a nationally representative sample of young people from Northern Ireland (NI). Participants were 11-19-years-olds (N=1293) who participated in the NI Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey (NI-YWS, 2020). Prevalence rates, gender differences and predictors of BCEs were investigated. Results revealed how most of the sample experienced multiple BCEs (95%, n=1084), with females reporting higher levels of BCEs. Significant positive predictors of BCEs were female gender, parental education, living with both biological parents, and living in areas with lower deprivation, while significant negative predictors of BCEs included family being in receipt of social welfare and older age. Overall, this study highlights how BCEs are common, while the identification of factors associated with likelihood of having positive experiences during early development provides novel insights into those young people who may be at greater risk for maladaptive psychological outcomes.

Differences in prevalence and risk factors of non-communicable diseases between young people living with HIV (YLWH) and young general population in Cambodia.

Understanding non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among young people living with HIV (YLWH) is critical given the potential for aging-associated comorbidities resulting from HIV, especially in Cambodia where such data are limited. Therefore, we examined the prevalence and correlates of NCDs in YLWH and compared it to a nationally representative sample of young people not otherwise infected. We collected data from a sample of 370 YLWH aged 18–29 years attending three HIV clinics in Cambodia between 2019 and 2020. Our comparison group were 486 young people who participated in the Ministry of Health/WHO 2016 Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEP survey). Both surveys used a standardized questionnaire to collect information on lifestyle factors and World Health Organization protocols for physical and biochemical measurements. We compared the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterolemia between the two groups and examined the relationship between these conditions and HIV. We found 16 (4%), 22 (6%), and 72 (20%) had diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterolemia, respectively, among YLWH, compared to 4 (1%), 22 (4%), and 49 (11%) among the general population. In logistic regression, YLWH were at higher odds of diabetes/prediabetes and high cholesterolemia compared with the young general population, aOR = 6.64 (95% CI 3.62–12.19) and aOR = 7.95 (95% CI 3.98–15.87), respectively. Our findings demonstrate that YLWH in Cambodia face multiple metabolic disorders and NCDs despite their young age and that accessible screening measures and treatment for these conditions are needed in order to combat NCDs in the future.

The Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Childhood Trauma Exposure in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young People in Northern Ireland

PurposeChildhood trauma (CT) exposure is common, with many young people affected by multiple co-occurring traumas.MethodsParticipants were a representative sample of 11–19-year-olds (n = 1293), who participated in the largest ever representative survey of youth mental health in Northern Ireland (NI) – the NI Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey 2020. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify typologies that were most representative of trauma experience and co-occurrence among young people living in NI. Demographic, parental and deprivation variables were then used within a multinomial logistic regression analysis to describe trauma class membership.ResultsOver 35% (n = 478) of participants reported exposure to at least one CT, with over 50% (n = 259) of trauma-exposed young people reporting multiple trauma exposure. LCA results provided support for a three-class model; ‘low-exposure’, ‘moderate-exposure: community-victimization’ and ‘high-exposure: sexual-trauma’. While none of the child, parental or familial covariates differentiated members of the ‘moderate-exposure: community-victimization’ from ‘low-exposure’, those in ‘high-exposure: sexual-trauma’ were over four and a half times more likely to belong to a family in receipt of income benefits and over ten times more likely to have experienced some form of out-of-home care.ConclusionsThis study highlights the presence of three distinct trauma classes in the NI adolescent population. In particular, this study identifies a small minority of young people who have experienced multiple CT’s, including sexually based traumas, with these traumas most likely to have occurred in the context of out-of-home care and familial poverty.

The power of authoritative parenting: A cross-national study of effects of exposure to different parenting styles on life satisfaction

The impact of authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian parenting styles on life satisfaction was analysed on the basis of survey data from national representative samples of young people between the ages of 14 and 29 in ten countries of Southeast Europe. The results, based on multiple linear regression analysis and two-step cluster analysis, showed that in each of the ten countries observed, being exposed to more authoritative parenting during elementary school was strongly correlated with higher levels of life satisfaction during the period of youth. While the other two types of parenting were weakly and inconsistently correlated to life satisfaction across the ten countries, analysis of the effects of specific combinations of parenting styles showed that the pure authoritarian parenting style had a substantial negative impact on life satisfaction in each of the ten countries observed. Overall, the results of our study offer very strong support for the notion that, even from a wider cross-national perspective, exposure to an authoritative parenting style during childhood is conducive to higher levels of life satisfaction in later years. Our results also suggest that even the effects of both permissive and authoritarian styles tend to be positive, as long as these styles are combined with the authoritative one. Thus, when it comes to exposure to different parenting styles during childhood, lack of authoritative parenting was identified as the most important factor in lower life satisfaction among young people.

Exploring young people’s perceptions about secondary school: Critical issues and improvements to prevent dropout risk in disadvantaged contexts

Through a mixed methods approach, this article explores young people’s perceptions about critical issues in secondary school and the improvements being made to prevent dropout risk. The empirical data were gathered from a representative sample of young people (14–24) in a socioeconomically disadvantaged region in the European Union. A principal component analysis assessed the most significant indicators that influence young people’s scholastic experience and effectiveness of education. A content analysis was applied to identify the key critical issues and possible strategies to support young people’s school satisfaction. The findings reveal a set of key indicators: interpersonal relationships, learning process, teacher role, school management, the impact of new technologies.

THE BLOG AS A COMMUNICATION TOOL IN THE ASSESSMENT OF YOUNG CONSUMERS - THE RESULTS OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

The aim of the article is to explore the attitudes of young people towards the use of company blogs as a communication tool between the company and clients and source of information about products and/or the company. In the first part of the article, based on the analysis of secondary sources, the history of the development of modern blogs is presented. This part also discusses the classification of blogs and the potential of the blogosphere as a virtual community as well as the numerous benefits resulting from running a corporate blog. The second part of the study presents the results of the primary research carried out among a representative sample of young people (aged 15-24), whose aim was to recognize their attitudes towards the use of corporate blogs in marketing communication.

Roles asociados de los espectadores en el acoso escolar: validación de una escala para detectarlos

Resumen
 Objetivo: validar la escala de espectadores que forma parte del instrumento de roles asociados al acoso escolar de Belacchi y Farina (2010). Método: la medición se realizó en secundarias públicas con una muestra representativa de jóvenes de 12 a 17 años en Sonora, México; la escala mide diferentes dimensiones de actuación frente a una situación de acoso escolar, contando con 19 ítems de escala tipo Likert de cinco opciones de respuesta. Los datos fueron procesados siguiendo la teoría de respuesta al ítem: calibración de reactivos por Rasch, Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y Confirmatorio utilizando el programa SPSS con AMOS. Resultados: los parámetros psicométricos obtenidos para el modelo confirmatorio son: un CFI de .96, GFI .96 y RMSEA de .050, Alpha de Cronbach de .82; los resultados muestran tres dimensiones: Reforzador (pro agresor), Defensor (pro víctima) y Evasivo (no participante). Conclusión: Los tres tipos de observadores encontrados contrastan con los cinco y siete roles contemplados inicialmente. Se discuten las diferencias en términos de validez ecológica.

Migration aspirations among youth in the Middle East and North Africa region

The Middle East and North Africa region has high unemployment rates for youth, and the number of youth not in education, employment, or training is also among the highest in the world. In this context, migration is one of the more obvious reactions of youth facing unmet aspirations in the labour market. This paper analyses the determinants of the intentions of youth to migrate during their school-to-work transitions in selected countries in the region. With this aim, microdata from School-to-Work Transition Surveys conducted by the International Labour Organization from 2013 to 2015 are used in this research covering Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Tunisia. These surveys target a nationally representative sample of young people between the ages of 15 and 29 and include data on intentions to migrate (internal and international) and factors related to social and educational background. Microeconometric models are used in order to achieve a better understanding of factors influencing youth decisions to migrate.

Киберсоциализация молодежи в информационно-коммуникационном пространстве современного мира: эффекты и риски

In the paper positive aspects of using cyberspace by yours are determined. The most dangerous risks and barriers to cyber socialization for modern young people are also noted. The types of young people’s cyber socialization are theoretically justified and discussed. Criteria for positive and negative cyber socialization are introduced. It is emphasized that the positive vector of cyber socialization is determined by the ability of a young person to transfer useful experience obtained in cyberspace to everyday life activity. On the basis of the theoretical analysis the levels of cyber socialization are identified and the main criteria for their diagnosis are presented. The importance of developing new technologies to facilitate positive forms of socialization of youth in cyberspace is noted. The prospects for further research include the creation of a questionnaire to identify the level and prevailing type of cyber socialization and its validation in a representative sample of young people.

Prevalence and Determinants of Susceptibility to Tobacco Smoking Among Students in The Gambia

IntroductionSmoking is the biggest preventable cause of death and kills about seven million people annually. As smoking prevalence is falling in developed countries, tobacco businesses are turning to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to generate new tobacco markets. To prevent young people from initiating smoking and becoming regular smokers, it is important to understand the causes of susceptibility to smoking. In this study, we report a nationwide survey of the prevalence and risk factors of smoking susceptibility among students aged 12–20 years in The Gambia.MethodsWe used two-stage cluster random sampling to select students in secondary schools throughout The Gambia and questionnaire to collect data on demographic characteristics and indicators on susceptibility to initiating smoking.ResultsAmong the total sample of 10289 students, 9831 (96%; 55.6% girls and 44.4% boys, aged 12–20 years) nonsmokers were included in the analysis. Of these, 3333 (33.9%) were found to be susceptible to smoking. Smoking susceptibility was more common among students attending grant-aided schools, non-Muslims, who had smoking allowed at home, had family members or friends who smoke, were sent to purchase cigarettes, had poor knowledge of the harmful effects of smoking, noticed point-of-sale tobacco advertisements, and who had positive attitudes towards smoking.ConclusionsThis study shows that susceptibility to smoking is common among students and associated with preventable exposures. Although based on cross-sectional data, these findings suggest that raising students’ awareness of the harmful effects of smoking and reducing the prevalence of adult smoking, extending tobacco advertising restrictions to include point-of-sale, are all important to preventing the uptake of smoking among students.ImplicationsThis is the first study to provide detailed data on smoking susceptibility and risk factors in a nationally representative sample of young people in The Gambia. Our findings show that susceptibility to smoking is relatively high and associated with preventable measures. Our results also identify an urgent need to broaden the ban on tobacco advertising to explicitly include point-of-sale advertisements. These findings provide valuable information for tobacco control policies and evidence to enable targeted intervention for young people most at risk of initiating smoking.

Youth and Family in Southeast Europe: Patterns of Individualization Along with the Lines of Human Development

The individualization of family life is one of the crucial ideas among leading theorists dealing with late modernity (Giddens, 1991; Beck, 1992; Bauman, 2000; Beck-Gemsheim, 2002). The individualization thesis was applied in a study of youth attitudes and actions relating to individualization in family life. Data were gathered through surveys on representative samples of young people from nine countries in Southeast Europe. The Human Development Index (HDI) was used as an indicator of the general level of modernization. Analyses revealed that young people from countries with higher HDI tend to (1) be substantially more autonomous in their decision-making and in their plans for the future; (2) perceive relationships with their parents as more conflictual; (3) perceive decision-making in their family as less patriarchal; and (4) be substantially less inclined to marry. With the notable exception of Slovenia, there is also a strong tendency for youth from more developed countries to leave their parents’ households earlier. With some important reservations, these findings lend important empirical support to the individualization thesis relating to family life.

The Political Significance of Social Media Activity and Social Networks

This paper examines panel data from two waves of the Youth Participatory Politics Survey, a nationally representative sample of young people in the United States. It employs a cross-lagged design to investigate the extent to which common forms of online activity create pathways to online and offline forms of political activity. Specifically, we examine the influence of Friendship-Driven (FD) and Interest-Driven (ID) online activity on online participatory politics and on offline forms of political action. Our findings reveal that FD and ID activity relate to political engagement, but in different ways. In addition, we find that the size of young people’s social networks interacts with both FD and ID online activity to promote political activity. This indicates that having exposure to “weak-ties” (resulting from large social networks) promote higher levels of political engagement. These findings demonstrate the need to specify the kinds of online activities in which youth are engaged and, more broadly, the political significance of social media and social networks

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and youth justice: a prevalence study among young people sentenced to detention in Western Australia

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) among young people in youth detention in Australia. Neurodevelopmental impairments due to FASD can predispose young people to engagement with...

Acne across Europe: an online survey on perceptions and management of acne.

Acne is common among young people. To describe the burden, management and sources of advice of acne in a representative sample of young people in Europe. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative sample of individuals aged 15-24years from Belgium, Czech and Slovak Republics, France, Italy, Poland and Spain (n=3099). Most individuals considered their acne (all severity stages) to be no/minor problem, although 29.7% considered it a major problem/burden. Over-the-counter (OTC) topical treatments were used more frequently than prescribed treatments. Acne was diagnosed by physicians in 47.6% of cases; other health professionals (nurses, pharmacists) or patients accounted for the remainder of diagnoses. Physicians were the source of acne information in just over one-quarter of cases (27.0%). The vast majority of advice was from friends/family and the Internet. Almost one-third of young people consider acne to be a major problem/burden. Fewer than half of acne diagnoses are made by a physician, and acne is often self-managed using OTC treatments.