Representative Monuments Research Articles

Biserica reformată din Turda Veche: cercetările arheologice din anii 2018–2020 / The Reformed Church of Turda Veche: the archaeological research between 2018 and 2020

Biserica reformată din Turda Veche: cercetările arheologice din anii 2018–2020 / The Reformed Church of Turda Veche: the archaeological research between 2018 and 2020

Narrativas Locais e Memória Coletiva: estudo de caso de três monumentos da cidade de Vitória da Conquista

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a construção da memória coletiva em Vitória da Conquista (BA) a partir de três monumentos representativos da coleção dessa cidade: a peça em homenagem aos Bandeirantes, a peça em homenagem a Nossa Senhora da Vitória, padroeira da cidade, e a peça em homenagem aos Índios Mongoiós. A pesquisa constatou que no contexto de redemocratização do Brasil, após a década de 1980, houve um aumento no erguimento e na promoção de monumentos nesta cidade. Esse fenômeno se evidencia, sobretudo, com o erguimento de peças escultóricas que apresentam temas e narrativas ligados às memórias antes desprestigiadas, ou excluídas do tecido social urbano, como por exemplo, o monumento aos índios. Nessa perspectiva, constatamos, pois, que os monumentos da cidade constroem um espaço patrimonial polifônico onde atuam múltiplas memórias num campo de disputas, conflitos, contradições, rupturas e, também, de continuidades. Podemos dizer que essa prática se expressa como uma afirmação social do poder local, num contexto nacional de autonomização política da municipalidade decorrente, entre outros fatores, das prerrogativas constitucionais instituídas pela Constituição Federal de 1988, as quais redefiniram a concepção de cultura, ampliaram o conceito de patrimônio cultural e, por conseguinte, evidenciaram (re)leituras da Memória e da História da cidade.

Algal and fungal diversity on various dimension stone substrata in the Saale/Unstrut region

Physical, chemical and biogenic weathering considerably threatens all historic stone monuments. Microorganisms, though inconspicuous, are key players of stone surface colonization and penetration. This study highlights eukaryotic microbial communities on dimension stone surfaces from two representative monuments of the “cultural landscape corridor” in the Saale–Unstrut area. The historical buildings were erected from local Triassic limestone and sandstone and are prone to various deteriorative mechanisms. Generally, trebouxiophyceaen algae and ascomycete fungi dominate among the latter dematiaceous fungi and lichen fungi are abundant. Inside the stone substratum, ascomycetes, mosses and even large soil organisms (tardigrades) are present. This may be taken as a hint for the formation of pores with large radii, which are “risk indicators” for progressive weathering and degradation of the rock matrix.

Project “The Wooden Treasure. Preserving Heritage Design Future” – 3D visualization as a form of monument's protection

The region of Lublin has a rich tradition of the usage of timber in construction. A few dozen years ago wood was still the predominant building material in villages, towns and on the outskirts of big cities. Small multicultural towns were a characteristic element of the cultural landscape of the region. The wooden buildings of these towns compose one of the most unique phenomena in Polish and architecture. To this day some examples of particular small towns’ buildings were preserved. The main aim of the project is to create digital 3D reconstructions of five small towns of the Lublin region and a model illustrating wooden architecture of the Norwegian town of Larvik in different historical periods. All models will be accesible online on multimedia service dedicated to wooden architecture and methods of its conservation and will have connection with inventory of the most representative monuments of wooden architecture of the Lublin region, uploaded and shared via the Internet.

Alpedrete granite (Spain). A nomination for the “Global Heritage Stone Resource” designation

Alpedrete granite is a monzogranite quarried in the Sierra de Guadarrana (Spanish Central System) foothills in and around Alpedrete, in the province of Madrid, Spain. Used as a building material since the Neolithic, it is one of the most representative of heritage granites of Madrid. Alpedrete and the surrounding region are characterised by a quarrying culture that has been maintained for centuries. The area is strewn with historic quarries, along with the one presently in operation. Traditional stone cutters who produce hand-finished granite ashlars are still to be found, while others use more modern techniques to achieve new types of products. Representative monuments including Royal Palace of Marid, Alcala Gate and the National Library owe their good conservation state largely to the petrophysical properties and durability of Alpedrete granite. In addition to its use in a substantial number of heritage buildings in Madrid, this stone is also found in most of the city's housing, urban furniture and cobble-stoned streets and nearly all the rural architecture in the Alpedrete area. This paper discusses the petrological and petrophysical properties of Alpedrete granite, as well as its durability, historic use and quarries, in support of its nomination for the Global Heritage Stone Resource designation.

Samarkand and its cultural heritage: perceptions and persistence of the Russian colonial construction of monuments

This article is concerned with the creation, by the Russian colonial administration, Russian researchers and photographers/artists, of a corpus of ‘historical monuments’ of Samarkand in the first decades after the conquest of the city. It uses travelogues, administrative reports, memoirs, the periodical press and artistic productions to determine the mechanism of selection of representative monuments, defined as the ‘cultural heritage’ of Russian Turkestan and, indirectly, of the Russian Empire. The internal logic of ‘patrimonialization’, initiated from above and ideologically engaged, becomes more obvious when it is juxtaposed against native understandings of the significance of monuments, European practices, and the political projects of the Russian Empire.

Cattolica in Stilo and its frescoes

This paper analyses one of the most representative monuments of Byzantine painting in Calabria. It is the church in the town of Stilo, known as Cattolica. It is believed to date from the last quarter of the tenth or the beginning of the eleventh century. After a brief historiographical and architectural analysis of the building, the author considers the chronological and stratigraphical problems of the frescoes preserved inside the church. In this process, he pays particular attention to the Byzantine layers of fresco painting that were done from the end of the tenth to the end of the thirteenth century. An in-depth analysis of the frescoes from the first phase of decoration from the end of the tenth or the beginning of the eleventh century has produced valuable results that could lead to collecting fresh data about possible artistic contacts and the routes along which the models traveled between southern Italy and the countries of the Byzantine cultural circle.

Effectiveness of in situ P-wave measurements in monuments: examples from Greece

P and S wave velocities can be used for both in situ and laboratory measurements of stones. These methods are used for studying such properties as mechanical anisotropy and modulus of elasticity. In this paper, the P-wave velocities were used for the estimation of the depth of weathered or artificially consolidated layers as well as the depth of cracks developed at the surface of the building stone. This estimation was made in relation to the lithology and texture of the materials, given that in many cases different lithological data create similar diagrams. All tests were carried out on representative monuments in Greece.

Influence of the geological environment on the stability of monuments. Experience from Greece

ln the present investigation some geological factors of failure and intervention methods are applied in two representative monuments from Northern Greece. These examples refer to a) the slope stability analysis of the rock-mass where the Simonos Petra Monastery, in Mount Athos is built and b) influence of the groundwater conditions on both the weathering of the frescos and the stability of the Lefkadia Macedonian Tombs in N. Greece.

Estimation Of Damage At The Surface Of StonesUsing Non Destructive Techniques

The investigation of the physical and mechanical properties of stones in monuments needs non destructive methods and small quantity of testing material. In this framework, P & S wave ultrasonic velocities can be used for both in situ and laboratory measurements. In the present paper the above methods was used for the study of properties like the mechanical anisotropy, weathering degree, mechanical strength and deformation ability of stones, using data from different countries, like France, Italy and Greece. The P-waves were also used, in indirect mode, for the estimation of the depth of weathering at the stone surfaces of three representative monuments in Greece.

The History and Architecture of the Church of St. Fortunatus at Charlieu in Burgundy

At the beginning of the eleventh century there existed throughout much of western Europe a type of ecclesiastical architecture which Puig y Cadafalch has named the First Romanesque style.2 Its representative monuments varied in different regions, but certain distinguishing characteristics were common to most of them. Conspicuous among these were the small size and simple plan of the churches, the plain round or square supports between the nave and the aisles (though cruciform and even more complex piers elaborated by additional pilasters were not infrequent), the almost complete lack of sculpture, and the use of arched corbel tables and pilaster strips for exterior decoration. In addition, vaulted churches were to be found in certain regions notably Catalonia and Burgundy.