Representation Of Men Research Articles

The Representation of Men and Women in the Black and White Streams of the Second Wave of Feminism: A Corpus Stylistic Analysis

The Representation of Men and Women in the Black and White Streams of the Second Wave of Feminism: A Corpus Stylistic Analysis

The gender wage gap among health care workers across educational and occupational groups.

Women perform 77% of health care jobs in the United States, but gender inequity within the health care sector harms women's compensation and advancement in health care jobs. Using data from 2003 to 2021 of the Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey (CPS), we measured women's representation and the gender wage gap in health care jobs by educational level and occupational category. We found, descriptively, that women's representation in health care occupations has increased over time in occupations that require a master's or doctoral/professional degree (eg, physicians, therapists), while men's representation has increased slightly in nursing occupations (eg, registered nurses, LPNs/LVNs, aides, and assistants). The adjusted wage gap between women and men is the largest among workers in high-education health care (eg, physicians, advanced practitioners) but has decreased substantially over the last 20 years, while, descriptively, the gender wage gap has stagnated or grown larger in some lower education occupations. Our policy recommendations include gender equity reviews within health care organizations, prioritizing women managers, and realigning Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement policies to promote greater gender equity within and across health care occupations.

Outcomes of COVID-19 manuscripts submitted to the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia: a retrospective audit of author gender and person of colour status.

We aimed to evaluate the representation of women and persons of colour (POC) authors of COVID-19 manuscripts submitted to, accepted in, and rejected from the Journal and to evaluate trends in their representation during the pandemic. All COVID-19 manuscripts submitted to the Journal between 1 February 2020 and 30 April 2021 were included. Manuscript data were retrieved from Editorial Manager, and gender and POC status were obtained through: 1) e-mail communication with corresponding authors; 2) e-mail queries to other coauthors; 3) NamSor software, and 4) Internet searches. The data were described using percentages and summary statistics. A two-sample test of proportions was used for comparisons and trends were analyzed with linear regression. We identified 314 manuscripts (1,555 authors), 95 (461 authors) of which were accepted for publication. Of all authors, 515 (33%) were women, and women were the lead and senior authors of 101 (32%) and 69 (23%) manuscripts, respectively. There were no differences in women's representation as authors between accepted and rejected manuscripts. Overall, 923/1,555 (59%) authors were identified as POC, with a significantly lower proportion of POC authors among accepted vs rejected manuscripts (41%, 188/461 vs 67%, 735/1,094; difference, -26%; 95% CI, -32 to -21; P < 0.001). We did not observe significant trends in the proportion of women and POC authors over the study period. The proportion of women authors of COVID-19 manuscripts was lower than men's representation. Further research is required to determine the factors that account for the higher proportion of POC authors across rejected manuscripts.

GENDER REPRESENTATION IN AN INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT-ENDORSED ENGLISH TEXTBOOK

This study aims to identify the representation of gender in Indonesian government-endorsed English textbooks Specifically, the representation of gender in the textbook was essential because it depicted how society treats gender in a certain region. This study is based on a content-analysis investigation of gender representation in When English Rings the Bell SMP/MTs Kelas VII that the Indonesian government endorsed under the ministry of education. The whole data was collected through the instrument and was specified based on the need for gender representation that was made by Porrecca and was analyzed using Krippendorf's framework. This study reveals that man's representation was depicted as a strong character by depicting man as an outdoor worker with more choices of type of work. The woman's representation is depicted as a domestic worker, such as a chore. In addition, the male gender is represented as a masculine character, which is associated with types of nouns that were frequently associated with strength, wildness, and activeness, while the female gender was presented with typical nouns that were associated with beauty and passivity. The study still needs more exploration with other approaches to discover how gender is represented in the textbook.

Approaching masculinity in Dolce &amp; Gabbana advertising : a visual critical discourse analysis

Different models of masculinity have been introduced in society and, consequently, in discourse in the last decades. This article will approach the portrayal of masculinity in a sample of Dolce &amp; Gabbana advertisements published in their newsletter from 1 January 2016 until 1 January 2021. The main objectives of this article are the following: 1) to deconstruct the main visual strategies used by Dolce &amp; Gabbana to represent men in its newsletter; and 2) to characterize the main types of men's representation as social actors, in order to observe and systematize the predominant models of masculinity. The analysis will be done taking into consideration the model of visual social actors proposed by van Leeuwen (2008) and visual grammar (Kress &amp; van Leeuwen, 2021), in order to deconstruct the main characteristics of the visuals and to observe how masculinity is portrayed from the visual point of view. The findings indicate that the predominant model is connected with classical masculinity although there are texts in which other types of masculinities are presented.

LES AMPUTATIONS DE MEMBRES A BOBO-DIOULASSO : DIX ANS D’EXPERIENCE

ABSTRACT Goal: Presentation of ten years’ experiences of limb amputation at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso. Material and method: A retrospective and descriptive study have been done on limb’s amputated patients of the Orthopedical and traumatological Surgical Service of Organs of Locomotion (SCOTAM), from January 1th, 2009 to December 31, 2018. Sociodemographical diagnostical and thérapeutical data have been studied as those of evolutive and readaptational. Results: For a ten years’ period, 156 amputated cases have been included in our study. Age average was 32,69 +/- 13,93 years. Men representation was 85,3% of cases; amount them, farmers represented 39,1% of cases. Trauma was the mean cause of amputation to 64,1% of patients. Road incident was cause of amputation to 62% of patients. The lower limb was involved in 30,1% of patients. The transtibial amputation represented 33,3% of cases. The average dead line of amputation was 2,8 +/- 4 days, with average dead line of scarring 60,9 +/- 18,8 days. Post operative’s complications have been observed to 71 (45,5%) of patients. The mortality represented 10,9%. All patients who underwent functional re-education received prescription for prosthetic apparatus. Only 30,1% of patients have respected the prescription. The cost average of these apparatus was 458225, 8 F CFA. We have mentioned a good tolerance to 82,6% of patients. The current activities have been effectively regained to 89,7% of patients. A psychologically feeling of rejection was observed to 13,5% of patients, and the one of stigmatization to 20,5%. The feeling of self-approval concerned 71,8% of cases. Conclusion: Limbs amputation at BoboDioulasso. The functional outcome remained obsolete because of the financial inaccessibility of limbs amputated patients to prosthetic apparatus. Key words: limb’s amputation; prosthetic apparatus; functional re-education; BoboDioulasso

Occupational Gender Segregation in Post-Apartheid South Africa

This study shows that occupations in South Africa are segregated and stratified by gender. While some women (mostly Black and “Coloured”) overwhelmingly fill low-paying jobs, others (mostly White and Indian/Asian, but also Coloured) tend to fill higher-paying professional positions. This paper finds evidence of a long-term reduction in gender segregation and stratification, with women and men entering occupations previously dominated by the other gender, although this trend is sensitive to several data considerations. Most recent evidence, however, points to stagnation in this process. Distinct worker characteristics by gender – including education, location, or age – cannot explain the existing segregation or women's overrepresentation in low-paying jobs, compared with men's representation. They do partially explain the overrepresentation of women in some higher-paying positions and the declining stratification of the labor market by gender. Education is the primary driver for upward mobility for women and gender equality in the South African labor market. Note: This study follows the current South African government’s usage of the racial category “Coloured,” with the caveat that the term is not in acceptable use outside South Africa. HIGHLIGHTS Gendered occupations and pay gaps in South Africa have not been adequately studied. Black women suffer double labor segregation in South Africa, by gender and by race. Post-apartheid progress in reducing labor segregation has been faster by gender than by race. Improved education offers women a route to better-paid professional occupations Although women now access better jobs, managerial positions remain disproportionately male.

Representation of Men and Women in English Proverbs: Analysis of Power Relationships

This study explores the multiple identities of men and women in English proverbs and power relationships depicted through these identities. This research has not only discussed the representation of female gender but also covered male gender along with relationship shown between both genders in proverbs. 38 proverbs collected from two dictionaries are analyzed through the 3D model of Fairclough. All proverbs are divided into three major categories i.e., proverbs for women, proverbs for men and proverbs involving both genders. Proverbs involving women over numbered those mentioning men. Majority of the proverbs containing women have derogatory remarks for them whereas men are presented with positive connotations. A few proverbs explained the link between men and women in the form of negative and positive dependence. Proverbs involving women display a glimpse of patriarchy by portraying women as a burden, sexual object and fragile. Men on the other hand are explicitly nominated as a gender that owns the world. These proverbs are delivering such power relationships to generations and this could be one of the reasons patriarchies in different forms is still observed in the world. Studying these proverbs about their origins will further help in understanding the picture of genders in English society and how the picture has evolved socially.

Why is the gender revolution uneven and stalled? Gender essentialism and men's movement into ‘women's work'

Men's limited movement into female occupations has been identified as a key barrier to future declines in occupational sex segregation and achieving greater gender equality. So why are men so reticent to enter jobs normatively regarded as female? Drawing from qualitative interviews with multiple stakeholders in four female‐dominated occupations in Australia, this article documents the processes that influence men's employment in gender‐atypical jobs. Gender essentialism is central to many processes that generate and/or stall changes in men's representation in female‐dominated occupations. While gender essentialism's role in producing and reproducing occupation sex segregation is well known, its role in reducing occupational sex segregation is a critical process which has previously received limited attention. The article details gender essentialism's integrative function.

Gender and Publishing in Nursing: a secondary analysis of h-index ranking tables.

To analyse published ranking tables on academics' h-index scores to establish whether male nursing academics are disproportionately represented in these tables compared with their representation across the whole profession. Previous studies have identified a disproportionate representation of UK male nursing academics in publishing in comparison to their US counterparts. Secondary statistical analysis, which involved comparative correlation of proportions. Four papers from the UK, Canada and Australia containing h-index ranking tables and published between 2010-2017, were re-analysed in June 2017 to identify authors' sex. Pearson's chi-squared test was applied to ascertain whether the number of men included in the tables was statistically proportionate to the number of men on the pertinent national professional register. There was a disproportionate number of men with high h-index scores in the UK and Canadian data sets, compared with the proportion of men on the pertinent national registers. The number of men in the Australian data set was proportionate with the number of men on the nursing register. There was a disproportionate number of male professors in UK universities. The influence of men over nursing publishing in the UK and Canada outweighs their representation across the whole profession. Similarly, in the UK, men's representation in the professoriate is disproportionately great. However, the Australian results suggest that gender inequality is not inevitable and that it is possible to create more egalitarian nursing cultures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Representations of Men and Women in Introductory Economics Textbooks

This paper examines the frequency and ways in which men and women appear in principles of economics textbooks. Men account for more than 90 percent of business leaders, policymakers, and economists mentioned in textbooks. In addition, women are a minority of the fictionalized people appearing in textbooks and a minority of celebrities. Fictionalized women are shown taking fewer actions and are more likely to be involved in food, fashion, or household tasks, while men are more likely both to be in leadership positions and in business or policy.

“Girls Love Me, Guys Wanna Be Me”: Representations of Men, Masculinity, and Junior Ice Hockey in Gongshow Magazine

“Girls Love Me, Guys Wanna Be Me”: Representations of Men, Masculinity, and Junior Ice Hockey in Gongshow Magazine

The Representation of Men and Women in Contemporary Slovak Musical Films Aimed at Children

Abstract The present study analyses the social representation of women and men in ten contemporary Slovak musical films aimed at children (Spievankovo, Fíha-tralala, Smejko a Tanculienka). An analysis of the internal and external features attributed to “men”, “women”, “boys”, and “girls” has revealed, in line with previous research, that men are associated with strength and courage and women with beauty and care. Gender also determines clothing, props, and mise-en-scene. Contrary to previous findings, women in the analysed films, more often than men, display activity and dominance and take the role of moral and intellectual authorities. Men, on the other hand, are just as emotional as women. In conclusion, the author proposes a hypothesis to explain these discrepancies with the previous research.

Fathering Occupations: An Analysis of Narrative Accounts of Fathering Children with Special Needs

This study examined men's representations of their experiences of raising special needs children through the analysis of fathers’ own narratives. Though mothering occupations have been an important subject within occupational science, fathering occupations represent an important aspect of numerous men's lives that has received little attention. Memoirs published by fathers of special needs children between 2000 and 2011 were examined for stories that describe participation in fathering occupations. Narrative methods were employed, with six primary themes emerging: co-created occupations, meaningfulness of the ordinary, importance of communication and forms of socialization, adaptations, distribution of responsibilities, and advocacy. This study contributes to occupational science and the interdisciplinary study of fatherhood through the presentation of the enactment of fatherhood as a meaningful occupation.

The Three Faces of Mad Men: Middlebrow Culture and Quality Television

This article examines how history is represented in Mad Men and how anxiety about period is registered in the series' documentation of the relationship between pleasure and aesthetic experience. the author argues that the series re-animates mid-century debates about the relationship between low and middlebrow culture and does so by demonstrating the middlebrow's self-conscious representation of processes of mechanical reproduction. She shows that Mad Men's representation of historical period is intimately tied to its own status as "quality tv", and that this alliance is made available in the series' representation of gendered pleasure. Svetlana Boym's notion of the "off-modern" is considered as a way to think about Mad Men's historical detours and revisions, and its reckoning with questions of gender, identity, and aesthetic experience.

In War and in Peace: Representations of Men of Violence in Salvadoran Literature

Since Martínez’ coup (1931) Salvadoran history has been marked by extreme violence, mostly been perpetrated by men, local and foreign. And if with the end of the Civil War (1980–1992) hope was raised that a peaceful future lay ahead, reality has turned out to be different: not only has violence continued to blight the nation's life but it often appears even more senseless than before. Not surprisingly, then, portrayals of men of violence are central to the work of many Salvadoran writers. Drawing on the work of two leading writers, this paper examines how, in novels written and published during and after the Civil War, respectively, each depicts particular types of the ‘men of violence’ who have terrorized the nation for so long. Who are these men, where do they come from, what motivates them? These are the kind of questions the authors ask, but are there any obvious answers to be found? As a secondary objective, the paper seeks to assess the extent to which Connell's influential concept of hegemonic masculinity can be imported discursively from the social sciences to help us understand the issues involved.

Gender representation of cancer patients in medical treatment and psychosocial survivorship research

Prior studies raise concern about gender bias in cancer research, including insufficient inclusion of women or men, or studying women and men differently. The 1993 National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act aimed to eliminate gender bias in medicine. To examine changes in medical and psychological literature, this study reviews gender representation in biomedical treatment studies and psychosocial survivorship studies published in a single year. Research published in Cancer in 2007, and all empirical psychological studies about cancer published that year, provided a 15-year update to findings reported by Meyerowitz and Hart. The gender distribution and context of included articles were coded and compared with findings from 1983 and 1992. Across biomedical studies, 34.3% of subjects were women (vs 47% of new cancers and 48% of cancer deaths). Among men, 41.3% had sex-specific cancers (vs 12.5% [1983] and 12.3% [1992]). Among women, 46.1% had sex-specific cancers (vs 69.1% [1983] and 64.6% [1992]). Fewer women (36.8%) were represented in sex-nonspecific cancer studies (vs 41.4% [1983] and 42.5% [1992]); however, fewer studies had a significant (>20%) gender disparity. Across psychosocial studies, representation of men increased to 47.9% (vs 30.4% [1983] and 29.9% [1992]). The proportion of men in studies of feelings/relationships increased to 47% (vs 22.9% [1992]); the proportion of women in studies assessing physical/functional ability increased to 58.3% (vs 45.4%). Women remain under-represented in sex-nonspecific biomedical research, whereas men's representation in sex-specific research increased substantially. Psychosocial research trends suggest movement from research questions supporting traditional stereotypes that women feel and men act.

Monika Pietrzak - Franger, The Male Body and Masculinity: Representations of Men in British Visual Culture of the 1990s

Monika Pietrzak - Franger, The Male Body and Masculinity: Representations of Men in British Visual Culture of the 1990s

Representation of Lesbian and Gay Men in Federal, State, and Local Bureaucracies

Americans increasingly view lesbians and gay men as a legitimate minority, entitled to equal employment opportunities and perhaps to adequate representation in government. Scholars of public administration have extensively studied whether women and racial minorities receive fair representation and pay in the public sector, but we have generally ignored lesbians and gay men, largely because we lack data on the sexual orientation of government employees. Using a 5 percent sample of the 2000 Census, this paper provides new insights into one group of lesbian and gay employees: full-time workers with same-sex unmarried partners. It first determines whether they are as likely to hold jobs in the public and nonprofit sectors as workers who are married, have different-sex unmarried partners, or have never been married. Second, it explores whether lesbians' and gay men's representation is concentrated in particular occupations. It then examines whether workers with same-sex partners earn as much as other workers, and whether any disparities can be explained by race, gender, education, age, occupation, and location.

(Re)constructing Masculinity: Representations of Men and Masculinity in Australian Young Adult Literature

In this essay, I analyse how the representation of masculine discourses, and the dialogic processes at work between those present (or absent) function to support, to undermine or to challenge the current hegemonic masculinity in two Australian Young Adult realist texts, David Metzenthen's Boys of Blood and Bone (2004) and Scot Gardner's Burning Eddy (2003). While various and viable masculine schemata, and the dialectical relations between them, may exist in society and be represented within a text, I argue that the masculine constructions which are represented and privileged in the chosen two texts ultimately perpetuate and support normative hegemonic masculinity, that is, masculinity which can be characterised by heterosexuality, a desire for mateship, a sense of responsibility or duty, actual or implicit misogyny, and an inability or unwillingness to express emotion and taciturnity (Romøren and Stephens 2002, p.220).