Traumatic Brain Injury Report Research Articles

Head injury case with blunt force traumatic: Case report

Child abuse has negative impact for children including emotional performance, mental dysfunction, and decrease intelligence. According to the 2014 Surveillance Report of Traumatic Brain Injury, in the United States, there are approximately 2.87 million head injury patients. Head injury, or so-called head trauma, is a blunt force/sharp force on the head or face that results in temporary cerebral dysfunction. It is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the productive age group, primarily traffic accidents. A boy went to the emergency room at Bhayangkara Kediri Hospital. There was swelling on the left head, expanding on the forehead and bruising on the left ear. Also found signs of sodomy marks in the form of abrasions around the anus. There are also bruises on the back and neck of the end. For a definitive diagnosis, the results of the CT scan were that the patient obtained extensive cerebral contusion and caused the deviation of the midline structure to the right as far as ± 0.9 cm with subgaleal hematoma and the dilation of cerebral blood vessels. In cases of head injury due to blunt trauma, blood infiltration will be found in the layers of the scalp and muscles in the direction of the trauma. The presence of blood infiltration is an intravital sign of evidence of extravasation of blood cells in the tissue. Another finding may be a skull base fracture in the posterior fossa caused by a direct blow to the occipital region. At the base of the skull, a fracture in the posterior fossa can cause symptoms such as bleeding from the nose, mouth, and ears, damage to the cranial nerves and cause raccoon eyes. In head injuries caused by blunt trauma can also cause subarachnoid hemorrhage and subdural hemorrhage due to rupture of the superior cerebral vein and “bridging vein” due to pressure/trauma it can cause death, to distinguish subarachnoid hemorrhage from subdural hemorrhage needs to be done sprinkling with water.

Longitudinal Analysis of Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms, Probable TBI, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Veterans.

To determine veterans' intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration following report of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCSs). Five Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers. Veterans with nonmissing data on main measures, resulting in N = 1150 at baseline and N = 827 at follow-up. Prospective cohort study with secondary data analysis of self-reported TBI, PPCSs, and IPV perpetration, controlling for common predictors of IPV, including binge drinking, marijuana use, pain intensity, and probable posttraumatic stress disorder. VA TBI Screening Tool to assess for probable TBI and PPCSs; Conflict Tactics Scale-Revised (CTS-2S) to assess for IPV perpetration. Almost half (48%) of participants reported IPV perpetration at follow-up. Both probable TBI and higher PPCSs at baseline were associated with overall IPV perpetration and more frequent IPV perpetration at follow-up. Only PPCSs significantly predicted IPV perpetration after controlling for common predictors of IPV perpetration. Neither probably TBI nor PPCSs predicted frequency of IPV perpetration. When considered alongside common risk factors for IPV perpetration, PPCS was uniquely associated with the likelihood of IPV perpetration in this veteran sample. Given post-9/11 veterans' elevated risk for head injury, findings emphasize the distinctive value of PPCSs in understanding risk for IPV perpetration. We recommend increased assessment for PPCSs in clinical practice among veterans enrolled in VA care and highlight several important areas for future research and intervention development.

Incidence report of traumatic brain injury in Mimika Public Hospital Papua

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is a functional brain disorder caused by an external force, which giving persistent consequences, progressive, long-term care, and rehabilitation might be needed. It is also called a “silent epidemic” due to the increased global incidence rate, socio-economic burden, and quality of life. The major cause of TBI was road traffic injury, fall, and blunt trauma.Methods: This research was conducted with a descriptive research design using a prospective cross-sectional design. The research sampling was using medical records in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria from 2018 to 2019.Result: The collected sample was 393 cases. There were 66.16% and 67.18% cases occurred to man and productive age with incidence rate 178.89 in 100.000 people. The major cause of TBI was road traffic injury and intentional injury with 58.52% and 24.17% consecutively. The involvement of alcohol in TBI cases was found in 24.42% of cases. The usage of the helmet was not found in 96.6% of cases of RTI.Conclusion: The majority of TBI patients at Mimika Public Hospital in 2018-2019 occurred in men and in the productive age, which was majorly caused by road traffic injury and intentional injury.

In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “First Report of Traumatic Brain Injury in Luanda, Angola”

In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “First Report of Traumatic Brain Injury in Luanda, Angola”

Letter to the Editor Regarding “First Report of Traumatic Brain Injury in Luanda, Angola”

Letter to the Editor Regarding “First Report of Traumatic Brain Injury in Luanda, Angola”

First Report of Traumatic Brain Injury in Luanda, Angola

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global problem and is the greatest contributor to death and disability among all trauma-related injuries worldwide. Road traffic accidents are an important cause of TBI. The purpose of this paper is to present the first data on TBI in Angola. This was a retrospective study of the clinical and radiologic profile of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Luanda, Angola, from January 2018 to December 2018. The medical records of patients with moderate and severe TBI admitted to the intensive care unit were reviewed. The inclusion criteria were adult patients who suffered from TBI. The exclusion criteria were incomplete medical records, pediatric age, and mild TBI. We included 29 patients (6 female) with a mean age of 31 years. Of them, 31% visited the hospital without an ambulance (using private or commercial vehicles), 58.6% suffered from severe TBI, and the mortality rate in our sample was 34.5%. Road accident was the most frequent cause of trauma. This first report of TBI in Angola reveals major problems with TBI management, road accident prevention, prehospital management, and loss of lives of young patients.

Exploring assistive technology use to support cognition in college students with histories of mild traumatic brain injury

Purpose: College students with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may experience chronic cognitive deficits necessitating use of external supports for daily task completion. The purpose of this study was to explore cognitive support system selection and use by students with histories of mTBI when completing novel prospective memory tasks.Materials and methods: We implemented a multiple case study, sequential explanatory mixed-methods design with three participants. Participants completed four experimental phases: (1) background history collection, cognitive assessment completion, pre-trial interview, and selection of two external supports for trial phase use; (2) trial Phase 1 (i.e., 10-days); (3) trial Phase 2 (i.e., 10 days); and (4) post-trial exit interview. We examined participants’ support type and characteristic preferences and evaluated task execution accuracy when implementing differing supports.Results: Participants expressed both collective and unique cognitive aid preferences before trial completion. Trial phase results revealed that task completion accuracy did not alter substantially between trials; however, personal preferences and perceived usefulness of trialled cognitive aid systems appeared to impact support implementation and effectiveness. Themes emerged from post-trial interview relating to the (a) necessity for differing functions of individual systems and (b) importance of trialling devices prior to selection.Conclusions: Results emphasize the necessity of person-centred approaches to treatment due to the variability of performance accuracy and system preferences. The cognitive aid selection and implementation intervention protocol piloted in this study appears beneficial for understanding unique strengths and challenges for college students following mTBI and may be useful for clinicians working with individuals with mTBI.Implications for rehabilitationCollege-aged students with mild traumatic brain injury report unique preferences for no- and high-tech cognitive aids; however, similar patterns emerge relating to preferred system characteristics.Facilitating several trial periods prior to selection and implementation of external cognitive supports for individuals with mild traumatic brain injury is essential given the preference changes that occur post-trial.Implementing a three-phase external cognitive aid selection process appears beneficial for young adults with mild brain injuries.

Optic Ataxia: From Balint’s Syndrome to the Parietal Reach Region

Optic ataxia is a high-order deficit in reaching to visual goals that occurs with posterior parietal cortex (PPC) lesions. It is a component of Balint's syndrome that also includes attentional and gaze disorders. Aspects of optic ataxia are misreaching in the contralesional visual field, difficulty preshaping the hand for grasping, and an inability to correct reaches online. Recent research in nonhuman primates (NHPs) suggests that many aspects of Balint's syndrome and optic ataxia are a result of damage to specific functional modules for reaching, saccades, grasp, attention, and state estimation. The deficits from large lesions in humans are probably composite effects from damage to combinations of these functional modules. Interactions between these modules, either within posterior parietal cortex or downstream within frontal cortex, may account for more complex behaviors such as hand-eye coordination and reach-to-grasp.

Screening for Traumatic Brain Injury in Troops Returning From Deployment in Afghanistan and Iraq

Preliminary assessment of a new instrument, the Brief Traumatic Brain Injury Screen (BTBIS). Cross-sectional study of 596 soldiers returning from Iraq and/or Afghanistan, comparing the consistency of their reports of traumatic brain injury (TBI) across instruments with similar TBI questions, and in a brief follow-up interview. Military base. Self-reported probable TBI on the BTBIS and on 2 longer questionnaires, and a brief follow-up interview. Self-reports of probable TBI were higher on the BTBIS, than on the longer instruments. Participants who screened positive on the BTBIS generally provided consistent information about probable TBI in the follow-up interview. In this initial study, the BTBIS demonstrated promise as part of a triage process in mass casualty situations, permitting individuals with probable TBI to self-report injury and continued symptoms. Further study, including full validation and reliability assessment, is warranted and required before these screening tools can be fully evaluated.

Victims of criminal homicide in Sweden: a matched case-control study of health and social risk factors among all 1,739 cases during 1978-1994.

The psychiatric and medical characteristics of victims of homicide have not been systematically studied and are often confounded by race. This study was undertaken to determine health and social factors contributing to the risk of being murdered in the Swedish, predominantly Caucasian population. All 1,739 homicides between 1978 and 1994 in Sweden were studied in terms of variables in national case registers regarding health, crimes, immigration, and marital status. The same data were extracted for matched comparison persons in the general population, with controls for time of exposure. The data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression on matched pairs. Traumatic brain injury, physical abuse, alcohol dependence, and criminal recidivism conferred risk of being murdered. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of traumatic brain injury, in both men and women, as a risk factor for being murdered. Brain injury may mark risk-taking behavior in general or may cause provocative behavior.

Special education services provided to students with and without parental reports of traumatic brain injury

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and type of special education services provided to youths who had sustained one or more traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) according to parental report but who did not have verified TBIs according to school records. A parental questionnaire formulated for a related research project served as the basis for data collection. Results indicated the most common special education verification categories both for students with and without reported TBIs were speech-language impairment and specific learning disability. Approximately 29% of children with reported TBIs received special education services-a percentage not differing significantly from students without TBIs. However, students with TBIs whose parents reported long-term consequences were significantly more likely to receive special education services than students with TBIs whose parents did not report long-term consequence or students without TBIs. A chi-square analysis using the number of students whose reported TBIs occurred before versus after special education evaluations revealed no significant difference in the types of services received. However, those evaluated for special education services after sustaining TBIs were more than two times as likely to receive services for behavioural disorders than those evaluated prior to sustaining TBIs.