Survey Report Research Articles

Comprehensive data of 5085 patients newly diagnosed with colorectal liver metastasis between 2013 and 2017: Fourth report of a nationwide survey in Japan.

The Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) was established to improve treatment outcomes in patients with CRLM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transition in the characteristics and treatment strategies of patients with CRLM and to analyze the prognostic factors. The data of 5085 patients newly diagnosed between 2013 and 2017 were compared with those of 3820 patients from 2005 and 2007. In patients who underwent hepatectomy (n = 2759 and 2163), the number of CRLMs was significantly higher and in the 2013-2017 data than in the 2005-2007 data (median 2 vs. 1; p = .005). Overall survival (OS) rates after diagnosis of CRLM after hepatectomy were better in the 2013-2017 data than that in the 2005-2007 data (5-year OS, 62.4% vs. 56.7%, p < .001). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) after hepatectomy was comparable between the groups (5-year RFS, 30.5% vs. 30.7%; p = .068). Multivariate analyses identified age at diagnosis of CRLM ≥70 years, lymph node metastasis of primary lesion, preoperative carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 value >100 U/mL, number of CRLM 2-4, and R2 resection as independent predictors of OS. Synchronous CRLM, concomitant extrahepatic metastasis, lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis of primary lesion, preoperative CA19-9 value >100 U/mL, number of CRLM 5-, and nonlaparoscopic approach were selected as that of RFS. Despite having a higher prevalence of advanced stage CRLM in the 2013-2017 patient population compared to the 2005-2007 cohort, prognostic outcomes demonstrably improved in the later period.

Malnutrition: A Longstanding Challenge in India

Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, “malnutrition is the “deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients”. Indian population has the highest rate of adolescent malnutrition. Deficiency, Illness, Small level of education, and a range of other factors contribute to India's malnutrition crisis. Undernutrition, micronutrient deficiency conditions, and overnutrition are all forms of malnutrition. A malnourished always lags in every aspect of life which will eventually affect the productivity of the country. In the 2023 Global Hunger Index, India is positioned at 111th among 125 countries, reflecting a serious level of hunger with a score of 28.7. India is grappling with a substantial population affected by anemia, malnutrition, and obesity. Other than this Indian population is also affected by several other micronutrient deficiencies. The present article provides an overview of the triple burden of malnutrition in India by applying the literature review method and the data were collected from online sources such as government survey reports, articles, and publications related to nutrition, healthcare status, healthcare indicators, nutritional indicators, and healthcare survey reports, etc. A brief introduction of the strategies followed by the Government as well as global health organisations to combat the issue is also discussed.

PSIV-26 Extent of use of supplemental feeding in beef cattle operations across the Southeast: A report of the regional survey

Abstract With input costs on the rise, researchers and producers, alike, are seeking alternative management strategies for profitable and sustainable beef production. Studies suggest that supplemental feed provided to grazing cattle may be used to offset some of the cost. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the extent of supplemental feeding programs in the southeastern US and which feeds may be used in these programs. Thus, the objective of this study was to better understand supplemental feeding practices and choices among beef producers in the southeastern US. To address this objective, a 24-question survey was distributed through Extension and commodity organizations to beef producers across the Southeast. This survey received 118 complete responses. The majority of respondents operated cow-calf production systems (65.6%) on either tall fescue or bermudagrass pastures (32.7 and 28.0%, respectively). Approximately 88% of these producers employed some type of supplemental feeding strategy, but there is no clear decision on whether commodity or byproduct feedstuffs were preferred. The leading commodity used was corn (61.4%), while common byproducts included whole cottonseed, corn gluten feed, and soybean hulls (17.1, 16.6, and 14.4%, respectively). At the end of the survey, the participants were asked to submit a sample of their byproduct supplements to have a nutritive analysis completed to better understand what nutritional components the products they are feeding contain and how they may vary from place to place. Some of the products that were sent in include whole cottonseed, cotton byproduct, corn gluten meal, distillers grain, chicken litter, and others. The nutritional test being run on these samples included crude protein and fiber analysis. The crude protein of the samples received ranged from 13.3% to 30.3% with an average of 21.5%. The fiber profile received ranged from 45.5% to 76.3% with an average of 59.9%. With the information recorded from these tests, recommendations can be provided on different feeding methods in both commercial settings as well as research settings.

Exploring the patient perspective in pulmonary hypertension.

The global impacts of pulmonary hypertension (PH) were formally recognised in 1973 at the 1st World Health Organization meeting dedicated to primary pulmonary hypertension, held in Geneva. Investigations into disease pathogenesis and classification led to the development of numerous therapies over the ensuing decades. While the impacts of the disease have been lessened due to treatments, the symptoms and adverse effects of PH and its therapies on patients' wellbeing and mental health remain significant. As such, there is a critical need to enhance understanding of the challenges patients face on a global scale with respect to care access, multidimensional patient support and advocacy. In addition, thoughtful analysis of the potential benefits and utilisation of mechanisms for the incorporation of patient-reported outcomes into diagnosis and treatment plans is needed. A summary of these areas is included here. We present a report of global surveys of patient and provider experiences and challenges regarding care access and discuss possible solutions. Also addressed is the current state of PH patient associations around the world. Potential ways to enhance patient associations and enable them to provide the utmost support are discussed. A summary of relevant patient-reported outcome measures to assess health-related quality of life in PH is presented, with suggestions regarding incorporation of these tools in patient care and research. Finally, information on how current global threats such as pandemics, climate change and armed conflict may impact PH patients is offered, along with insights as to how they may be mitigated with advanced contingency planning.

Measuring Disability in Participation Survey and Social Reporting

The "Representative Survey on the Participation of People with Disabilities" (Participation Survey), commissioned by the German Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, aims to work in conjunction with participation reporting to assess the social participation of people with disabilities. Both the participation reporting and the Participation Survey claim to operationalize impairment and disability in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) of the World Health Organization (WHO). A critical analysis of the measurement concept reveals methodological problems: 1) The measurement concept is not consistently ICF-oriented because it does not clearly conceptualize impairments, does not adequately take into consideration environmental factors in the determination of disability and sees impairment as causal for disability. 2) Distinction made between impairment and disability is mainly pragmatic, without any coherent conceptual justification. 3) The chosen operationalization cannot ensure the desired international comparability. In order to achieve a stronger ICF orientation and better international comparability, it is proposed in this study to integrate the "Model Disability Survey", developed by the WHO and the World Bank, into the German Participation Survey's data collection tools. An alternative measurement proposal, which can be implemented with the available data, is to categorize groups solely according to the severity of impairment, forgoing the a priori distinction between impairment and disability. This approach embraces the fundamental idea of the ICF, which views disability as a situational rather than a personal characteristic.

Reporting Guidelines for Survey Reporting (G-SURE): protocol for guideline development

Reporting Guidelines for Survey Reporting (G-SURE): protocol for guideline development

Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium in men who have sex with men attending STI clinic: A pilot study from India.

Background Increasing rates of macrolide and fluroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) are being reported worldwide with resultant treatment failure. Aim We aimed to determine the level of antibiotic resistance of MG in men who have sex with men (MSM) attending a sexually transmitted infections (STIs) clinic in New Delhi, India. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting MgPa and pdhD genes were performed to detect MG rectal, urogenital or oropharyngeal infections in 180 MSM between January 2022 and June 2023. Macrolide resistance-associated mutations (MRM) and quinolone resistance-associated mutations (QRM) were detected by specific amplification of domain V of 23SrRNA gene and appropriate regions of parC and gyrA genes respectively followed by sequencing. PCR-based screening for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection was also performed. Results A total of 13 (7.2%) MSM were positive for MG infection. The most common site of infection was anorectum (8/13; 61.5%) followed by the urethra (5/13; 38.5%). None of the patients had infection at both the sites, and no oropharyngeal MG infection was detected. CT infection was detected in 37 (20.6%) MSM. Of the 13 MG-infected MSM, 6 (46.2%) were co-infected with CT. MRM and QRM were found in five (46.2%) and two (15.4%) strains, respectively. Both Quinolone resistance mutation (QRM)-harbouring strains also harboured MRM. All the five MG isolates carried the MRM A2071G. Both the QRM isolates co-harboured the parC and gyrA single-nucleotide polymorphisms. There was no correlation between the presence of antibiotic resistance and co-infection with CT (P = 0.52). Limitation Because all patients in the study were MSM, the high rate of resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones could not be extrapolated for non-MSM patients. Conclusion This is a report of an initial survey of antibiotic resistance to MG in a country where its diagnosis and treatment are not routinely available. We found a high prevalence of MG-carrying MRM, QRM and dual-class resistance in MSM in the absence of antibiotic exposure. This study mandates the need for both screening and detection of antimicrobial resistance against MG.

UMA DOAÇÃO CENTENÁRIA. O MISTÉRIO DAS AMOSTRAS BRASILEIRAS NA COLEÇÃO GEOLÓGICA DO “REAL COLLEGIO CARLO ALBERTO DI MONCALIERI”, TURIM, ITÁLIA

A centennial donation. The mystery of the Brazilian samples in the geological collection of the Real Collegio di Moncalieri, Turin, Italy. A curatorial investigation conducted at the geological collections of the Real Collegio Carlo Alberto in Moncalieri, Turin, Italy, revealed the presence of minerals and rocks from Brazil that were once part of the former Serviço Geológico e Mineralógico do Brasil (Brazilian Geological and Mineralogical Survey). Twenty-eight samples were identified through typed labels in Portuguese, indicating the association with the “Serviço Geológico e Mineralógico do Brasil,” sequential numbers assigned within a collection, sample identification, and the respective locality of origin. The absence of primary documentation raises questions about the origin of the Brazilian collection at the Real Collegio. However, further investigation into the annual reports of the Brazilian survey uncovered that, in 1927, a collection of 140 minerals was dispatched to the Brazilian embassy in Rome. No additional information in subsequent reports regarding the dispatch of collections to Italy by the Brazilian survey led the authors to conclude that the samples sent to the Brazilian embassy in Rome in 1927 are the same collection discovered at the Real Collegio Carlo Alberto in Moncalieri. Keywords: Mineralogical colection, Real Collegio Carlo Alberto, Brazilian Geological and Mineralogical Survey

An Automated Analysis Framework for Epidemiological Survey on COVID-19.

For a long time, the prevention and control of COVID-19 has received significant attention. A crucial aspect of controlling the disease's spread is the epidemiological survey of patients and the subsequent analysis of epidemiological survey reports (case reports). However, current mainstream analysis approaches are all made manually. This manual method is time-consuming and manpower-intensive. This paper designs an automated visual epidemiological survey analysis (AVESA) framework for the epidemiological survey on COVID-19. AVESA designs a deep neural network for information extraction from case reports and automatically constructs an epidemiological knowledge graph based on predefined pattern. Moreover, a multi-dimensional knowledge reasoning model is developed for conducting knowledge reasoning in the complete COVID-19 epidemiological knowledge graph. In the entity extraction sub-task and multi-task extraction sub-task, AVESA achieved F1 scores of 85.12% and 92.29% respectively on the constructed dataset, significantly outperforming the standalone information extraction models. In full-graph computing, all three experiments align closely with manual analysis standards. In the risk analysis experiment, the weighted PageRank algorithm showed an average improvement of 11.21% in Top_Recall_n% over the standard PageRank algorithm. In the community detection experiment, the weighted Louvain algorithm showed a mere 4.34% community difference rate compared to manual analysis.

Joint trajectories of bullying victimization and sexual harassment victimization as predictors of adolescent alcohol use.

The present study examined the independent and joint effects of bullying victimization and sexual harassment victimization on adolescent alcohol use over time within a community sample of adolescents. Adolescents aged 13-15 years old at baseline (N = 800, Mage = 14.42, SD = 0.83; 57.5% female) recruited from Western New York State made five online survey reports of peer victimization and alcohol use over a 2-year period. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify trajectory classes of victimization from bullying and sexual harassment over time, and regression modeling was used to examine the associations with later alcohol use. Three developmental courses were identified for bullying victimization (moderate/decreasing, high/decreasing, never or low) and for sexual harassment victimization (moderate/decreasing, moderate/increasing, never or low). Adolescents in the moderate/decreasing group of bullying victimization subsequently consumed more alcoholic drinks when they drank. Belonging to the moderate/increasing group of sexual harassment was associated with increased later alcohol intoxication and number of drinks. Bullying victimization and sexual harassment victimization were concurrently correlated over time. Adolescents who followed the joint trajectory group of moderately decreasing bullying and increasing sexual harassment were more likely to report increased later alcohol intoxication and number of drinks. Moderate levels of bullying victimization along with increasing sexual harassment victimization are associated prospectively with greater alcohol use in adolescence. Findings highlight the importance of considering the cumulative, joint effects of multiple types of peer victimization on adolescent health outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Hematologic health services and practical characteristics: report of a nationwide survey among Chinese hematologists.

In the past 40 years, China has experienced tremendous economic development, but the current situation of hematologists has rarely been reported. A landscape survey of human resources is essential for healthcare development and policy formulation in the future. The Chinese Society of Hematology initiated a survey of Chinese hematologists in mainland China for evaluating demographic and practice characteristics. Respondents were anonymous, and there were no limitations regarding their age, sex, etc. RESULTS: Totally 2032 hematologists responded, with a median age bracket of 36-45 years. Respondents were well engaged into subspecialties, and 28.1% acquired doctorates of philosophy. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) centers have been established all over China. Higher-GDP regions reported more advantages, including bigger scale of transplant centers (P < 0.001), younger age structure (P = 0.039), better education qualifications (P = 0.001) and less turnover intentions (P = 0.004), despite of increased risk of medical disputes (P = 0.028). Although females accounted for 65.5% of hematologists, males were older (P < 0.001), and had more senior professional titles (P < 0.001), academic positions (P < 0.001), opportunities for continuing education (P < 0.001), and paper publishing in the recent two years (P = 0.001). For turnover intention, the higher GDP regions led to an independently reduced risk (HR = 0.673, 95%CI [0.482-0.940], P = 0.020), whereas medical disputes resulted in an increased the risk (HR = 2.037, 95%CI [1.513-2.743], P < 0.001). Considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, majority of respondents believed that the decline in patient visits and delay in treatment was within 30%. 67.9% of respondents reported a decrease of the use of bone marrow as grafts but 18.8% reported an increase of cord blood units. 35.0% of the respondents switched their daily work to support the anti-epidemic medical activities. We concluded the discipline of hematology in China has flourished in recent years with a young workforce, while regional economic and gender disparities warrant further continuous optimization. Joint efforts against the impact of COVID-19 are needed in the post-pandemic era.

Survey report on the current state of elementary school students' commuting practices across Japan

Survey report on the current state of elementary school students' commuting practices across Japan

Protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization and its associated factors among mothers in southern Ethiopia

ABSTRACT The World Health Organization recommends tetanus toxoid immunization before or during pregnancy for all women of childbearing age. The goal is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality due to tetanus. According to the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) report, more than half (51%) of women did not receive protective doses of tetanus immunization. To the best of our knowledge, this study uniquely tried to assess the level of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization in southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 580 randomly selected participants. Variable with p-value of less than .25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than .05. The proportion of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization uptake in the area was found to be 41.9% (95% CI: 38–46%). Being enrolled in formal education [AOR = 6.55, 95% CI: 3.23–9.01], having at least two postnatal care visits [AOR = 3.82; 95% CI: 1.78–6.40], having at least four antenatal care visits [AOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.41–4.34], and being visited by Health Extension Workers [AOR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.42–4.01] were found to be factors enhancing the uptake of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization. Generally, the uptake or prevalence of the protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization in the area was lower than the World Health Organization’s target. Therefore, all responsible bodies, including healthcare providers, need to strengthen counseling mothers to enhance the uptake of tetanus toxoid immunization.

Diagnosis and treatment challenges in lower resource countries: State-of-the-art.

The 2022 World Federation of Haemophilia Annual Global Survey (AGS) reports that 454,690 patients with inherited bleeding disorders (IBD) have been identified globally. While this represents noteworthy progress, haemophilia epidemiology data indicate that 75% of people with inherited bleeding disorders living in low-income and low-to-middle-income countries have yet to be diagnosed. The AGS also revealed that 11 billion clotting factor units are available to treat haemophilia A and B globally. Due to a lack of finance, these treatments are unavailable to haemophilia in low-income countries with a consequence lack of access equity for haemophilia treatment in these communities. This sobering reality is not limited to haemophilia but applies to von Willebrand Disease (VWD). While VWD is the most prevalent IBD, only 103,844 people living with this condition have been diagnosed globally. Of the diagnosed patients, only a fraction live in low- or middle-income countries. Moreover, the majority of VWD patients are still treated sub-optimally without replacement therapies or prophylaxis, both of which are now accepted as global standards of care. In this state-of-the-art review, the authors reflect on three issues. First, the minimum elements required to diagnose haemophilia in a resource-constrained setting are identified. Second, this review points to the critical stakeholders and outlines their roles in removing access to haemophilia treatment barriers. Finally, the authors examine von Willebrand disease's ongoing diagnostic and treatment challenges and compare these to haemophilia. With the rapidly evolving novel therapies, the therapeutic landscape of all IBD will likely change for the better.

New CMS Nursing Home Ownership Data: Major Gaps And Discrepancies.

Nursing home ownership has become increasingly complicated, partly because of the growth of facilities owned by institutional investors such as private equity (PE) firms and real estate investment trusts (REITs). Although the ownership transparency and accountability of nursing homes have historically been poor, the Biden administration's nursing home reform plans released in 2022 included a series of data releases on ownership. However, our evaluation of the newly released data identified several gaps: One-third of PE and fewer than one-fifth of REIT investments identified in the proprietary Irving Levin Associates and S&P Capital IQ investment data were present in Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) publicly available ownership data. Similarly, we obtained different results when searching for the ten top common owners of nursing homes using CMS data and facility survey reports of chain ownership. Finally, ownership percentages were missing in the CMS data for 82.40percent of owners in the top ten chains and 55.21percent of owners across all US facilities. Although the new data represent an important step forward, we highlight additional steps to ensure that the data are timely, accurate, and responsive. Transparent ownership data are fundamental to understanding the adequacy of public payments to provide patient care, enable policy makers to make timely decisions, and evaluate nursing home quality.

A Comprehensive Survey of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Detection and Classification Using Machine Learning Approach: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Directions

Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have several advantages in various fields, including disaster relief, aerial photography and videography, mapping and surveying, farming, as well as defense and public usage. However, there is a growing probability that UAVs could be misused to breach vital locations such as airports and power plants without authorization, endangering public safety. Because of this, it is critical to accurately and swiftly identify different types of UAVs to prevent their misuse and prevent security issues arising from unauthorized access. In recent years, machine learning (ML) algorithms have shown promise in automatically addressing the aforementioned concerns and providing accurate detection and classification of UAVs across a broad range. This technology is considered highly promising for UAV systems. In this survey, we describe the recent use of various UAV detection and classification technologies based on ML and deep learning (DL) algorithms. Four types of UAV detection and classification technologies based on ML are considered in this survey: radio frequency-based UAV detection, visual data (images/video)-based UAV detection, acoustic/sound-based UAV detection, and radar-based UAV detection. Additionally, this survey report explores hybrid sensor- and reinforcement learning-based UAV detection and classification using ML. Furthermore, we consider method challenges, solutions, and possible future research directions for ML-based UAV detection. Moreover, the dataset information of UAV detection and classification technologies is extensively explored. This investigation holds potential as a study for current UAV detection and classification research, particularly for ML- and DL-based UAV detection approaches.

Factors associated with satisfaction and perceived helpfulness of mental healthcare: a World Mental Health Surveys report

BackgroundMental health service providers are increasingly interested in patient perspectives. We examined rates and predictors of patient-reported satisfaction and perceived helpfulness in a cross-national general population survey of adults with 12-month DSM-IV disorders who saw a provider for help with their mental health.MethodsData were obtained from epidemiological surveys in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Respondents were asked about satisfaction with treatments received from up to 11 different types of providers (very satisfied, satisfied, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, very dissatisfied) and helpfulness of the provider (a lot, some, a little, not at all). We modelled predictors of satisfaction and helpfulness using a dataset of patient-provider observations (n = 5,248).ResultsMost treatment was provided by general medical providers (37.4%), psychiatrists (18.4%) and psychologists (12.7%). Most patients were satisfied or very satisfied (65.9-87.5%, across provider) and helped a lot or some (64.4-90.3%). Spiritual advisors and healers were most often rated satisfactory and helpful. Social workers in human services settings were rated lowest on both dimensions. Patients also reported comparatively low satisfaction with general medical doctors and psychiatrists/psychologists and found general medical doctors less helpful than other providers. Men and students reported lower levels of satisfaction than women and nonstudents. Respondents with high education reported higher satisfaction and helpfulness than those with lower education. Type of mental disorder was unrelated to satisfaction but in some cases (depression, bipolar spectrum disorder, social phobia) was associated with low perceived helpfulness. Insurance was unrelated to either satisfaction or perceived helpfulness but in some cases was associated with elevated perceived helpfulness for a given level of satisfaction.ConclusionsSatisfaction with and perceived helpfulness of treatment varied as a function of type of provider, service setting, mental status, and socio-demographic variables. Invariably, caution is needed in combining data from multiple countries where there are cultural and service delivery variations. Even so, our findings underscore the utility of patient perspectives in treatment evaluation and may also be relevant in efforts to match patients to treatments.

Nuclear medicine practice in Japan: a report of the ninth nationwide survey in 2022.

Subcommittee on Survey of Nuclear Medicine Practice in Japan has performed a nationwide survey of nuclear medicine practice every 5years since 1982 to survey contemporary nuclear medicine practice and its changes over the years. The subcommittee sent questionnaires, including the number and category of examinations as well as the kind of the radiopharmaceuticals during the 30days of June 2022 to all nuclear medicine institutes in Japan. The total numbers of them for the year 2022 were estimated depends on the 1-month data. A total of 1095 institutes responded to the survey, including 364 positron emission tomography (PET) centers. The recovery rate was 90.6%. The number of gamma cameras installed was 1299 in total, with 2.5% decrease in 5years. Dual-head cameras and hybrid SPECT/CT scanners accounted for 83.8% and 35.5%, respectively. The number of single-photon tracer studies in 2022 was 1.11million which means increase in 2.7% in 5years. Bone scintigraphy was a leading examination (31.0%), followed by myocardial scintigraphy (27.1%) and cerebral perfusion study (23.8%) in order. The percentage of SPECT studies showed an increase from 63.5% in previous survey to 66.8% in this survey. PET centers have also increased from 389 to 412, as compared with the previous one. One hundred and twenty-two PET centers have installed one or two in-house cyclotrons. Increasing trends of the PET studies were observed from 1992 to 2017, the trend changed and PET studies showed 1.5% decrease in 5years. 18F-FDG accounted for 98.6% (610,497 examinations). PET examinations using 11C-methionine, 13N-NH3 and 11C-PIB have decreased, with 1624, 2146 and 525 examinations, respectively in 2022. The total number of nuclear medicine examination was eventually increased by 1.0%. Therapies for pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (PPGL) with 131I-MIBG and for neuroendocrine tumor with 177Lu-DOTA-TATE were newly started, however, a total number of targeted radionuclide therapy was decreased by 17.7% because 131I-radioiodine and 223Ra targeted therapies were decreased and supply of some radioisotopes was discontinued. 131I-radioiodine targeted therapy showed a decrease in 5years (- 15.9%), including 4099 patients for thyroid cancer. The number of out-patient thyroid bed ablation therapy with 1110MBq of 131I was also decreased to 1015 per year. The number of admission rooms specialized for radionuclide targeted therapy increased from 157 to 160. The number of 223Ra targeted therapies for castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (mCRPC) was 1041 patients. This survey was performed during COVID-19 pandemic, however, total number of nuclear medicine examinations was almost same as previous survey (+ 1.0%). Radionuclide therapies with 131I-MIBG and 177Lu-DOTA-TATE were newly started, and new radionuclide therapy will be available in future, therefore, the development of radionuclide therapy will be continued. We are convinced that this survey report is useful in understanding the current status of the nuclear medicine practice in Japan, and in devising the new strategy to strengthen a role ofnuclear medicine.

An Analysis of the Growth of Corporate Tax in India

This paper examines a significant portion of the government's overall tax revenue which comes from the direct tax. The corporate tax makes up the largest portion of both the government's total tax collection and the direct tax, accounting for around 1/3 of both of the government's gross tax revenue. Studying the idea of corporate taxation, the rise in tax revenue, the expansion of the corporate assessment base, and the relationship between corporation tax and GDP are therefore crucial. This report provides insights into the growth prospects of corporate tax income and corporate assesses growth in India. In order to understand how sensitive corporation tax revenue is to the nation's GDP, this paper also discusses corporate tax buoyancy. The study has covered the period of 23 years from 2000-01 to 2022-23. The data has been taken from economic survey reports and the official websites of Income Tax, and Comptroller and Auditor General of India. The analyses of collected data have been carried out by using percentage, simple growth rate and compound annual growth rate.

Prenatal exposure to social adversity and infant cortisol in the first year of life

Exposure to social adversity has been associated with cortisol dysregulation during pregnancy and in later childhood; less is known about how prenatal exposure to social stressors affects postnatal cortisol of infants. In a secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal study, we tested whether a pregnant woman’s reports of social adversity during the third trimester were associated with their infant’s resting cortisol at 1, 6, and 12 months postnatal. Our hypothesis was that prenatal exposure to social adversity would be associated with elevation of infants’ cortisol. Measures included prenatal survey reports of social stressors and economic hardship, and resting cortisol levels determined from infant saliva samples acquired at each postnatal timepoint. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. The final sample included 189 women and their infants (46.56% assigned female sex at birth). Prenatal economic hardship was significantly associated with infant cortisol at 6 months postnatal; reports of social stressors were not significantly associated with cortisol at any time point. Factors associated with hardship, such as psychological distress or nutritional deficiencies, may alter fetal HPA axis development, resulting in elevated infant cortisol levels. Developmental changes unique to 6 months of age may explain effects at this timepoint. More work is needed to better comprehend the complex pre- and post-natal physiologic and behavioral factors that affect infant HPA axis development and function, and the modifying role of environmental exposures.