Replacement Of Machines Research Articles

A Stackelberg game framework for promoting battery-powered construction machinery through government subsidies

Diesel-powered construction machinery is a major source of harmful pollutants and carbon emissions. Technological advancements have made battery-powered construction machines (BPCMs) increasingly viable in operations. However, the high purchase prices of BPCMs represent a huge obstacle for contractors to embrace these low-emission alternatives. To facilitate the sustainable development of the construction industry, it is imperative for the government to implement effective subsidy allocation policies to promote the electrification of construction machinery. This paper proposes a Stackelberg game framework for optimal subsidy allocation. In the proposed framework, the government decides the subsidy amount offered to each type of BPCMs to minimize both pollutant emissions and carbon emissions. The contractors can then observe the government’s decision and make their optimal decisions regarding the purchase, operation, and replacement of construction machines accordingly to minimize their total costs. Contractors’ decisions in turn influence the government’s decision. Such an intricate framework has many appealing properties, which are analyzed in depth to provide useful managerial insights. Additionally, the design of effective subsidy policies by the government depends on a precise prediction of the contractors’ demand for construction machinery. To this end, a random forest machine learning model is developed. Real data were collected for model construction and testing. Statistical results and industrial comments show the high quality of our predictions. Overall, this paper is expected to reduce both pollutant and carbon emissions from construction machinery, thereby facilitating the development of green construction.

A multi-criteria decision-making model for heavy construction equipment replacement in Saudi Arabia

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a novel model that addresses the limitations of current practices, through considering quantitative and qualitative criteria in the decision-making process for equipment replacement.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review and consultation with professionals in the heavy construction industry was conducted to identify the criteria influencing the replacement of construction machines. A questionnaire survey using analytic hierarchy process and multi-attribute utility theory was used to rank these criteria and establish their utility scores. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess how adjustments in the weights of main criteria would impact equipment replacement decisions.FindingsThe identified criteria were classified into three categories: economic, technical and socioenvironmental, encompassing a total of 15 criteria. The findings indicated that salvage value/meeting payback period/maximizing profitability held the highest importance in the replacement process, followed by considerations like high repair and maintenance cost; working condition and economic conditions. Safety and social benefits scored the least among all criteria and categories.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on earth-moving equipment and involves experts from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The model introduces a novel methodology to aid decision-makers, particularly contractors and project managers, in determining when to replace heavy construction equipment, which results in resource efficiency and time saving.Originality/valueThe model integrates expertise and knowledge from experts to establish criteria for replacing construction equipment. This research aims to improve the functionality of the decision-making process regarding the acquisition or replacement of equipment throughout its lifespan.

Flexible Synthetic Inertia Optimization in Modern Power Systems

Increasing the replacement of conventional synchronous machines by non-synchronous renewable machines reduces the conventional synchronous generator (SG) inertia in the modern network. Synthetic inertia (SI) control topologies to provide frequency support are becoming a new frequency control tactic in new networks. However, the participation of SI in the market of RES-rich networks to provide instant frequency support when required proposes an increase in the overall marginal operation cost of contemporary networks. Consequently, depreciation of operation costs by optimizing the required SI in the network is inevitable. Therefore, this paper proposes a flexible SI optimization method. The algorithm developed in the proposed method minimizes the operation cost of the network by giving flexible SI at a given SG inertia and different sizes of contingency events. The proposed method uses Box’s evolutionary optimizer with a self-tuning capability of the SI control parameters. The proposed method is validated using the modified New England 39-bus network. The results show that provided SIs support the available SG inertia to reduce the RoCoF values and maintain them within acceptable limits to increase the network’s resilience.

Analysis of quality control issues in lakop sapu ijuk using Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

<p class="Abstract"><em>UD Cibinong Indah Plastik is engaged in the production of cleaning tools, but the proportion of defective lakop sapu ijuk production is 6.2% of the total production, whereas the company's set standard for defective products is 5%, resulting in financial losses. In this study, the Root Cause Analysis method was employed to identify the root causes and propose improvements. Through Fault Tree Analysis, it was found that the most significant root cause is the lack of maintenance and replacement of machines. The suggested solutions through the Process Decision Program Chart are to improve the maintenance and replacement schedule, provide additional training for workers and operators, and enhance the supervision system and SOP socialization for better production outcomes in the future.</em></p>

Line-Features-Based Pose Estimation Method for the Disc Cutter Holder of Shield Machine.

To achieve automatic disc cutter replacement of shield machines, measuring the accurate pose of the disc cutter holder by machine vision is crucial. However, under polluted and restricted illumination conditions, achieving pose estimation by vision is a great challenge. This paper proposes a line-features-based pose estimation method for the disc cutter holder of the shield machine by using a monocular camera. For the blurring effect of rounded corners on the image edge, a rounded edge model is established to obtain edge points that better match the 3D model of the workpiece. To obtain the edge search box corresponding to each edge, a contour separation method based on an adaptive threshold region growing method is proposed. By preprocesses on the edge points of each edge, the efficiency and the accuracy of RANSAC linear fitting are improved. The experimental result shows that the proposed pose estimation method is highly reliable and can meet the measurement accuracy requirements in practical engineering applications.

Penerapan Algoritma C.45 Untuk Analisis Pengadaan Peralatan dan Mesin Kantor

Badan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (BKAD) of Banyumas Regency is an agency under the auspices of the regional central government of Banyumas Regency. BKAD Banyumas Regency has various types of Kartu Inventaris Barang(KIB) which are still not well managed, namely KIB office equipment and machines and make it difficult to procure office equipment, so a decision support system is needed to predict the proposed procurement of office equipment and machines. This prediction is made with the aim of facilitating the asset sub-sector in particular in carrying out the task. This prediction has benefits in implementing the replacement of office equipment and machines that can be managed properly according to employee needs so that employee performance is maximized. Methods of data collection using survey methods, literature, and interviews with members of the asset sub-sector. The data processing method in this report uses a quantitative method with the C.45 algorithm. An analysis of the prediction of proposing office equipment and machines using the C.45 algorithm with the help of the Rapidminer Application is able to provide results in the form of a decision tree that can be used by members of the asset sub-sector in making decisions. Based on the predicted results for proposing the procurement of office equipment, all equipment whose year of purchase/procurement was less than or equal to 1998, equipment in damaged condition with a year of purchase/procurement of more than 1998, equipment made of plastic/ebonite and plastic in poor condition with year of purchase/procurement more than 1998.

Business Process Re-engineering and Courier Firms’ Delivery Speed in South East Zone of Nigeria

This study was conducted to examine the influence of business process re-engineering (BPR) on Courier firms’ delivery speed in South East Zone of Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted in this study. The study had a population of 239 and sample size of 149. The research instrument recorded 78% response rate. Research data were analyzed with multiple regression. Findings of this study showed that business process re-engineering had a significant positive influence on courier firms ‘delivery speed in the South East Zone of Nigeria. Specifically, it was established that business process renovation exerted a significant positive influence on courier firms’ delivery speed (Beta =0.752, t=4.099, p<0.05); business process automation exerted a significant positive influence on courier firms’ delivery speed (Beta =0.782, t=5.179, p<0.05) and that business process networking exerted a significant positive influence oncourier firms’ delivery speed (Beta 1.039, t=4.023, p<0.05). Following these findings, it was recommended that the Management of courier firms in the South East Zone of Nigeria should regularly renovate their service processes through replacement of old and outdated machines and equipment, prioritize the automation of aspects of its operations through increased investment in emerging ICT infrastructure and should network its work system to effectively integrate its employees, processes and technology so as to facilitate speedy service delivery that delights clients and so commands repeat patronage.

Limitations in the existing models for predicting accurate interdependencies between wear and friction noise,

In recent years, the investigation of friction noise has gained increasing attention within the field of tribology. Wear processes pose a significant hurdle in the industrial sector as reduce the lifespan of machine components. The replacement of damaged components, including brake systems and high-speed running machines, incurs substantial expenses. Thus, there arises a need for a method capable of identifying alterations in surface contact conditions, enabling the monitoring of the process and anticipation of the noise and rate of wear. To directly measure wear, it would be necessary to remove one of the contact surfaces (i.e., mechanical contacts such as gears and bearings.) for visual inspection, resulting in significant downtime. Alternatively, indirect measurements of wear can be performed by assessing the emitted machine noise and establishing a correlation between the noise and the alteration in surface topography caused by wear progress. Friction noise refers to the acoustic emissions generated during the contact between rough surfaces in motion. These emissions contain valuable information about the dynamics and characteristics of the sliding surfaces. Therefore, the researchers have attempted to model the interdependencies in between friction, wear and noise to find out the mentioned information and mapped it with the surface health of the mechanical contacts. The objective of this research paper is to examine all the prominent current models to discuss their approaches about how the noise can be generated from friction and later generate surface wear. This paper mainly aims to highlight their key limitations and identify the current challenges in modeling the mentioned interdependencies with accuracy.

The Relationship of Student Learning Achievement in Engineering Drawings with Software Applications and Building Interior Design at Modeling and Building Information Design Study Program in SMK Negeri 3 Surabaya

Developments in the world of own design allow for increased accuracy and quality, the replacement of manual drawing machines into a digital application that can define what will be built. The research objectives in this article are to (1) determine the level of mastery of learning to draw techniques at SMK Negeri 3 Surabaya, (2) determine the level of learning achievement in the application class with software and building interior design at SMK Negeri 3 Surabaya, and 3) determine the relationship between the level of learning achievement in class engineering drawing subjects and the level of achievement in learning software application subjects. In this research, the research technique is Ex post facto, data is collected through tests and documentation, then each variable is characterized using statistical software, namely SPSS version 26.0 for windows, a prerequisite analysis test is carried out. It was decided to do a test. The researcher observed that students who excel in technical drawing and those who excel in software applications are linked by a correlation score of r count > r table (0.680 > 0.235) between the two variables. The correlation coefficient value of 46% is a contribution to the success of learning engineering drawing on the learning outcomes of software applications and building interior design. For other quantities determined by values not included in this study.

An Analysis of a Guidance for Replacement of Machines

An O.R. Tool suggests the period after which a machine has to be replaced to get a minimum “Annual Average Cost” (AAC). The AAC consists of investment and relevant running costs that change during the life of the machine. A simple version of the model is analysed in detail.

Multisource Data Fusion Analysis of Maintainability for Overlapping Degree High Performance Computing

With the continuous development of social economy, industry has become the main industry that contributes to the economy. In the process of industrial development, human operation is gradually replaced by machine operation, and the replacement of machines is followed. Over the years, machines have become more and more important in industry. However, although the machine liberates manpower, over time, it has experienced external pressures such as the environment and personnel and is internally affected by the technical level, experience, equipment familiarity, and physical and mental state of the maintenance personnel. Industrial machines tend to cause all sorts of problems when they run for too long. Therefore, it is ensured that the efficient operation and long-term operation of the machine are crucial issues. In view of the current situation and problems, this paper combines different equipment maintenance test data, adopts the method of high-performance computing overlap, establishes corresponding multisource data for data conversion and processing, and then uses the Bayesian method to analyze the multisource data. Parameter fusion and overfitting are performed, and finally the device is tested for prior data fusion using the overlap data model. The simulation results of this paper show that the high-performance overlap calculation method is effective and can effectively support the fusion analysis of maintainable multisource data.

Analysis of Directional Activities for Industry 4.0 in the Example of Poland and Germany

An analysis of directional activities in Poland and Germany towards the implementation of Industry 4.0 was carried out by comparing the common sustainable development features. The value of production sold along with the benefits of its implementation are presented. The transformation map was characterized along with development areas and potential directions of automation and robotization. Technological possibilities were assessed, considering the production of robots. The execution of activities aimed at implementing solutions in the field of Industry 4.0 in Poland was indicated. The key information gleaned in this study is the awareness of the implemented features proving the fulfillment of conditions relating to Industry 4.0. Action towards the sustainable replacement of machines that require repair or regeneration is significantly related to thinking towards rationalizing the actions taken and assessing the financial capabilities of companies so as not to lead to their collapse. The article presents original research on the characteristics of selected production companies in Poland and Germany striving for digital maturity and the results of our hypotheses. The key direction should be activities aimed at developing a coherent strategy, the proper selection and evaluation of managers, focusing on communication, and the pursuit of intelligent products by creating appropriate integration standards that facilitate the implementation of an innovative process generating modern technologies.

COST EFFECTIVENESS IN PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT POLICY

Deciding whether to replace an item now or later, still remains a dilemma to owners and manufacturers of equipment. A lot of researchers have made efforts to determine the optimum time of replacement through various models. Replacement theory is confronted with the problem of replacement of men, equipment and machines due to deterioration, decreased efficiency, failure or breakdown. This paper uses the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for its data analysis. The data generated for this study were presented in tables and this helped simplified the arrangement of the data in sequential order for easier analysis and interpretation. The table shows the running cost per year and resale prices of the automobile (Toyota). The result clearly shows that the average total cost (ATC) is minimum at the 6th year-hence the need for replacement and suggests the need to look at mathematical approaches in tackling problems of preventive maintenance.

CAPITAL INVESTMENTS IN UKRAINE: ANALYTICAL EVALUATION AND DIRECTIONS OF INCREASING INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS

The purpose of the paper is to study the current state of capital investments in Ukraine, to identify areas to improve investment attractiveness. Methodology The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are modern theories of market economy. The following methods were used in the research: inductive, deductive, analysis and synthesis, historical and logical, graphic. Results. It is established that the economic activity of individual economic entities, regions and the country as a whole is largely characterized by the volume and forms of investment. Development of the state is impossible without a sufficient level of investment, their focus on priority sectors of the national economy and effective use. Investments are an important factor of progressive development of any economic system. The obstacles to the effective implementation of the investment mechanism are indicated. It was found that the volume of investment in the domestic economy remains low due to an unfavorable investment climate caused by an imperfect legislative framework, underdeveloped stock market and financial and credit system, strong tax pressure, inefficient use of depreciation deductions, and low level of transformation of savings of the population into investment. The analytical assessment of capital investments in Ukraine, the dynamics of their change, by types of economic activity in 2016-2020 was carried out. The volumes of capital investments in Ukraine by types of assets in 2016-2020 were studied. The sources of financing of capital investments and their structure are characterized. The directions of increasing investment attractiveness are defined. The most priority directions are replacement of worn-out machines and equipment, automation and mechanization of the production process, reduction of production costs and environmental protection. Practical implications. As a result of the study, priority areas to improve the investment attractiveness of business entities, which will contribute to investment security, through a balanced and sound public policy to support investment activities and implementation of the proposed recommendations for businesses and public authorities.

Digital maturity levels of an industrial enterprise

Diverse viewpoints on the concept of digital maturity and digital transformation impede the assessment of the current state of affairs with the introduction of digital technologies and planning of this process. The research aims to develop the concept of digital maturity of an industrial enterprise as an inherent part of the digital transformation. In terms of theory and methodology, the research relies on the principal-agent theory, theory of entrepreneurship, and the Capability Maturity Model; applies the methods of expert interview, generalisation, hypothetical deductive and inductive methods of generating knowledge in the new field. The authors develop a six-level typology of digital maturity and define the essence of digital transformation. According to them, it is the replacement of humans and analogue machines with digital technologies. The researchers articulate their vision of the roles of an entrepreneur, manager, and performer in the process of digital transformation, which allows settling the controversy in the relationships between principal and agent related to the accessibility of information about the processes run by an agent on the principal’s instructions. The results of the research may be of use while designing practical tools for assessing digital maturity levels and developing mechanisms for digital transformation of industrial enterprises.

Fast Job Recognition and Sorting Based on Image Processing

With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and the upgrading of intelligent manufacturers, the development of intelligent manufacturing is now propelled by the replacement of inefficient traditional assembly machines and operators with machine vision (MV)-based industrial robots. The classic job recognition and positioning algorithm has multiple shortcomings, such as high complexity, manual design of similarity function, and susceptibility to noise disturbance. To solve these shortcomings, this study presents a fast job recognition and sorting method based on image processing. Firstly, the extraction approach for wavelet moment features and wavelet descriptors was introduced, and the feature fusion based on echo state network (ESN) was detailed. Then, the authors explained the idea of job template matching, and described how to measure similarity and terminate the measurement during template matching. Experimental results fully manifest the effectiveness of our strategy for fast job recognition and sorting. Our method offers a new solution to rapid recognition and sorting of objects in other fields.

Influence of the depreciation method on the wood transport cost

O transporte de madeira no Brasil, predominantemente rodoviário, representa um dos segmentos mais onerosos do setor. A depreciação, um dos custos fixos na produção florestal, é incluída na utilização e substituição de máquinas. Essa depreciação pode ser calculada por meio de diferentes métodos, e os melhores devem ser utilizados para aperfeiçoar os custos nessa área. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a depreciação de um caminhão e o custo de transporte rodoviário florestal, usando quatro métodos de análise: Caires, Cole, Exponencial e Linear. Os custos de depreciação e de transporte foram determinados utilizando a planilha de simulação de custos de frete para o Transporte Rodoviário de Cargas, desenvolvida pela Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres (ANTT). Constatou-se que a depreciação mensal do caminhão foi de R$ 1.630,25, R$ 2.276,64, R$ 2.400,96 e R$ 2.422,40, calculada pelos métodos de Caires, Exponencial, Linear e de Cole, respectivamente. O menor custo de transporte foi de R$ 13,71, obtido pelo método de Caires, seguido de R$ 13,72, R$ 16,72 e R$ 16,92, obtidos pelos métodos Linear, Cole e Exponencial, respectivamente. Os menores valores de depreciação e custo de transporte por tonelada obtidos pelo método de Caires se devem ao fato de esse método considerar outras variáveis, além da idade atual e da vida útil da máquina, e ajustar o modelo e os coeficientes de utilização para situações específicas. Isso retrata as condições encontradas em campo, portanto gera custos próximos aos reais. A estimativa da depreciação de transporte florestal foi melhor pelo método de Caires, em todas as situações estudadas, o que evidencia a necessidade de considerar fatores de manutenção e trabalho no cálculo da depreciação. A adoção desse método também representa grande economia de recursos financeiros no longo prazo.

Occupational Safety, Health & Environmental (SHE) Issues Linked to Erosion of Systems and Replacement of Machines

Managing market risk under unknown future shocks is a critical issue for policymakers, investors and professional risk managers. These shocks can be external to the firm, like demand conditions or conditions in the market as well as internal shocks like inefficiencies or issues of governance in a business entity. More important is the health of machines and viability of systems that are in place in a firm that might threaten the safety of the workforce, tend to take the organizational management towards expensive litigation and eroding in the future of its brand position. “According to recent estimates released by the International Labor Organization (ILO), each year 2.78 million workers die from occupational accidents and work-related diseases (of which 2.4 million are disease-related) and an additional 374 million workers suffer from non-fatal occupational accidents. It is estimated that lost workdays globally represent almost 4 percent of the world’s GDP” (International Labor Organization (ILO), 2019) Problem statement A large number of firms in Pakistan are noncompliance of governance guideline especially in Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) and therefore the present study will take as SHE as its basis to investigate the future issues in the industrial sector of Pakistan.

Analytics of machine replacement decisions: economic life vs real options

PurposeDespite the existence of multiple asset replacement theories, the economic life replacement method remains a major practical technique for making rational machine replacement decisions. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this method with comprehensive data analytic tools and make it applicable it to modern business reality with abundant data on operating and replacement costs.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs operations research, discrete and continuous optimization, applied mathematical modeling, data analytics, industrial economics and real options theory.FindingsConstructed stochastic algorithms extend the deterministic economic life method and are compared to the contemporary theory of stochastic asset replacement based on real options and dynamic programming. It is proven that both techniques deliver similar results when the cost volatility is small. A major theoretic finding is that the cost uncertainty speeds up the replacement decision.Research limitations/implicationsThis research suggests that the proposed stochastic algorithms may become an important tool for managerial decisions about replacement of many similar machines with detailed data on operating and replacement costs.Originality/valueCompared to the real options replacement theory, major advantages of the proposed algorithms are that they work equally well for any distribution of age-dependent stochastic operating cost. The algorithms are tested on a real industrial case about replacement of medical imaging devices. Numeric simulation supports obtained analytic outcomes.

Nash equilibrium based replacement of virtual machines for efficient utilization of cloud data centers

Workload uncertainty has been increased with the integration of the Internet of Things to the computing grid i.e. edge computing and cloud data centers. Therefore, efficient resource utilization in cloud data centers become more challenging. Dynamic consolidation of virtual machines on optimal number of processing machines can increase the efficiency of resource utilization in cloud data centers. This process requires the migration of virtual machines from the under-utilized and over-utilized processing machines to other suitable machines. In this work, the problem of efficient replacement of virtual machines is solved using a game theory based well known technique, Nash Equilibrium (NE). We designed a nash equilibrium based dual on two players, over-load manager and under-load manager, to deduce the dominant strategy profiles for various scenarios during consolidation cycles. Dominant strategy profile is the set of strategies where every player has no incentive in deviation, thus leading to equilibrium position. A virtual machines redeployment algorithm, Nash Equilibrium based Virtual Machines Replacement (NE-VMR), has been proposed on the basis of the dominant strategy profiles for efficient consolidation. Experiment results show that NE-VMR is a more efficient server consolidation technique, saved 30% energy and improved 35% quality of service as compared to baselines.