Replacement For Maize In Diets Research Articles

High quality cassava peel fine mash as replacement for maize in diets of growing pigs: 2. Effects on nutrient and fibre fraction digestibility

Twenty growing pigs with an average initial weight of 53±0.5 kg (± SE) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with four replicates per treatment and one animal in each replicate. A total tract digestibility trial was carried out to determine the effect of partial replacement of maize with graded levels of high quality cassava peel (HQCP) mashon the nutrient digestibility and fibre fraction digestibility of growing pigs. The control diet T1 had 40% of maize, while the dietary treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 had7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30% of HQCP corresponding to replacement of maize by 0, 19, 38, 56 and 75% respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient of dry matter, nitrogen free extract, organic matter and energy. There were significant(P<0.05)variationsintheapparentdigestibilityofcrudeprotein,crudefibreand ether extract and the crude protein digestibility decreased as the level of HQCP increased from 7.5 to 30%. Also, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin digestibilities with the inclusion of HQCP compared to the control, whereas there was no significant (P>0.05) influence of HQCP inclusion on hemicellulose digestibility among the treatments. It can thus be concluded that the nutritional potential of high quality cassava peel can still be realised when fed up to 30% in growing pig diet

English

In fish farming, nutrition and haematology are critical. The former accounts for 70% production cost and the later determines an excellent health status of fish. Feeding trials were conducted in the laboratory for 12 weeks to evaluate the growth performance and haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus fed varying levels of Chrysophyllum albidum seed meal (ASASM) as a replacement for maize in diets. The experimental diets were prepared using 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% C. albidum seed meal to replace maize. The initial weight of the test organism was 28.6 g stocked in rectangular white plastic with 3 replicates for each treatment. The fish juveniles were fed at 5% body weight. In this study, growth performance, feed utilization and haematological parameters were determined. The mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significant across the treatments following the direct relationship to inclusion levels (p<0.05). Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and total fish production were all significantly different across the diets (p<0.05). The reductions in PCV and other primary haematological variables (HB, RBC and TWBC) were significant at p<0.05 as the level of inclusion increased. The blood variables showed that the haematopoiesis of the test organism was positively influenced by ASASM; thus impairing blood production. The increase incorporation of African star apple seed meal (ASASM) was stressful to the experimental fish. There is need to further study the phytochemical factors and trials for suitable processing method to justify the targeted economic gains without compromising the health status. Key word: Red blood cell, experimental diets, catfish, feed ingredients, African star apple seed meal (ASASM).

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, body composition, and meat quality of goat fed Chinese jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill) fruit as a replacement for maize in diet

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Chinese jujube meal replacement for maize in ration on the growth performance, digestibility coefficient, carcass traits, body composition and meat quality in Jinlan cashmere goats. Thirty approximately 14-months-old male Jinlan cashmere goats with similar body weight (25.00 ± 1.53 kg) were randomly assigned to five groups in a completely randomized design. Five levels of jujube meal were formulated in the ration, in which maize was replaced by different levels of jujube meal 0 (C), 50 (J5), 100 (J10), 150 (J15), 200 (J20) g/kg dietary dry matter (DM). The experimental period lasted 50 days: 10 days for adaption and 40 days for measurements. The results showed that goats in J15 had higher dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) compared with C group, which had a lower feed convention ratio (FCR, g DMI/g ADG) than that in C group (P < 0.05). The increase of jujube replacement in the ration enhanced the digestibility coefficients of DM, organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) in a linear, quadratic and cubic manner (P < 0.05), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in a quadratic and cubic manner (P < 0.05). Dressing percentage and meat weight were higher in J15 than those of C group (P < 0.05). Animals fed the jujube diets had a higher rumen ratio than those in C group (P < 0.05). Warner-bratzler shear force (WBSF) and pH in longissimus dorsi (LD) declined in quadratic and cubic manner with supplementation of jujube meal (P < 0.05). There was no effect of jujube meal on moisture and ash contents of LD muscle (P > 0.05). Ether extract (EE) content in LD muscle was significantly lower, whereas protein content was significantly higher in treatment groups than in C group (P < 0.05). Substitution of jujube meal for maize stimulated the accumulation of Ca, K, Mg Na and Fe in LD muscle of J15 group in comparison with that in C group. The results of the non-essential amino acids (NEEA) composition of LD muscle were similar for all groups except histidine. Diet in J15 and J20 stimulated the accumulation of valine, isoleucine, leucine, C18:0 and C18:2n-6 cis (P < 0.05) in LD muscle. In conclusion, our study suggests that jujube meal, at concentration up to 150 g/kg dietary DM, is considered as an optimal alternative feed resource for maize as it promotes growth performance, improves meat quality and composition.

Growth, body composition and hepatopancreas morphology of Nile tilapia fingerlings fed crude glycerol as a replacement for maize in diets

This study consisted in determining the best level of replacement of maize by crude glycerol as an energy source for Nile tilapia fingerlings evaluating the growth performance, body composition and hepatopancreas histology. Three hundred Nile tilapia with an average weight of 11.46±2.18g were placed in 30 plastic aquaria (60L), in a completely randomized design with six treatments (levels of replacement of maize by crude glycerol at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and five replications. The feeding regime consisted of three daily feedings ad libitum. An increase (P<0.05) in crude protein and body moisture, and a decrease in lipids and mineral content in whole body of fish fed with increasing levels of glycerol was observed. Regarding the productive performance hepatosomatic index showed a quadratic effect (P<0.05) and there was a linear reduction (P<0.05) in feed conversion with increasing substitution of maize by glycerol. No statistical differences were found (P>0.05) in the area of hepatocytes and no changes were observed in the morphology of the hepatopancreas. It is possible to replace totally maize by glycerol in pelleted diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings between 10 and 30g without causing prejudice to the productivity and quality of fish.

Substituição de milho por glicerina bruta em dietas para suínos em terminação

Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição do milho por glicerina bruta em dietas para suínos em terminação. Foram utilizados 80 suínos, machos castrados, híbrido comercial, com média de peso de 67kg, em um experimento em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições, com dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: 0,0; 4,0; 8,0; 12,0 e 16,0% de glicerina bruta em substituição ao milho nas dietas. A substituição do milho por glicerina bruta não afetou as características de desempenho (P&gt;0,05). Observaram-se efeito linear crescente de tratamento (P&lt;0,05) sobre a espessura de toucinho na carcaça e efeito linear decrescente de tratamento (P&lt;0,05) sobre a perda de líquido no descongelamento e na força de cisalhamento. A glicerina bruta pode substituir em até 16,0% do milho da dieta para suínos em terminação, sem prejuízos do desempenho e rendimento de carcaça, com melhoras na qualidade da carne.

Nutrient Composition of African Breadfruit (Treculia africana) Seed Hull and its Use in Diets for the African Giant Land Snail, Archachatina marginata

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the use of Treculia africana seed hull meal (TASHM) as replacement for maize in diets for the African giant land snail, Archachatina marginata. Seeds of T. africana were parboiled, dehulled, milled and used to replace maize at 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% (diets I, II, III and IV, respectively) in isoproteic diets (20% crude protein). Juvenile A. marginata (n = 36; 30±1.5 g) were randomly grouped into three snails per group for the three replicates of each diet treatment and stocked in cages. The diets were fed to snails once daily at 2% body weight per day for 70 days. Performance of snails was based on body weight gain, shell length, shell width, shell aperture increase and survival. No mortality was recorded. Mean body weight gain of the snails fed diet III was highly influenced (p 0.05) while the mean body weight gain of snails fed diet I had significant difference (p 0.05) existed between the feed conversion ratio of the snails on the diets. The effect of the diets on the morphological parameters of snails did not differ significantly (p>0.05).