Repetitive Habits Research Articles

NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD): THE CURRENT STATE OF THE ART

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is described by resistant deficits in social interaction and language, such as limited and repetitive habits and interests, so that it is characterized as a complex behavioral disorder that begins in early childhood and extends throughout life. The aim of our study was to explore the current literature on non-pharmacological treatments and their consequent effectiveness in ASD. Based on this, a narrative review of the literature was carried out in order to understand the impact of each non-drug treatment in reducing the core symptoms associated with the disorder. We therefore highlight the importance of non-pharmacological interventions as adjuvant strategies in the treatment of individuals with this neurodevelopmental condition.

Deep learning (DL) based improved probabilistic dense model (IPD) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) classification analysis

Among other symptoms, people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffer from communication, social interaction, and repetitive habits. Even while complete eradication is not common, early interventions may make the illness more manageable. Here, we propose a practical framework for contrasting various Machine Learning (ML) methods for diagnosing ASD at an early age. The proposed framework uses a number of Feature Scaling (FS) methodologies, such as min-max scalar, principal component analysis, and intuitive visual representation analysis, to incorporate an efficient prediction method into the overall architecture. Our recommended design, which utilizes the IPD model, suggests that the categorization of adult autism spectrum condition, as an entity, is reflected in the overall verification of the features, and varied functional qualities. To do the mathematical analysis in our IPD model, we use chi-squared and probability density functional methods. The structure's purpose is to recognize and classify patients based on their palpable traits. We can observe that the 95.9% accuracy is far greater than the Machine Learning approach in the end.

The Role of Circadian Rhythm in Autism Spectrum Disorder

With the development of technology and gradual enrichment in life, there is a significant increase in attention towards neurodevelopment and child health. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined as a neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people speak, behave, and interact with others. Communication and social interaction issues, sensory abnormalities, repetitive habits, and varying degrees of intellectual disability are some of the symptoms of autism. ASDs influences about 1 in 44 children in the USA, with the number of incidents sharply increasing over the years. Epigenetic neurobiology factors and environment related factors should both be considered when interpreting the pathophysiology that lies behind ASD. The 24-hour physiological cycle that displays an endogenous and entrainable oscillation is known as the circadian rhythm, which is generated by a molecular clock system. Mounting evidence are linking circadian rhythm disorder and autism. This includes sleep chaos as a common epiphenomenon of ASD, melatonin level disorder in ASD and circadian gene dysfunction in ASD. This article revolves around three perspectives: 1) Sleep Disorder in ASD 2) Role of Circadian Biomarkers in ASD 3) Variants and deficiency of circadian genes in ASD. In conclusion, the article reveals the important role circadian rhythm plays in neurodevelopmental processes. Through examining the circadian rhythm not only as an epiphenomenon but also as a possible indicator for ASD, the article anticipates the implication of circadian rhythm in novel treatments of ASD as a conclusion.

Crossing thresholds: women directors making a home in Japanese cinema

ABSTRACT Within many of the works of contemporary Japanese women commercial filmmakers, we see a new vision of home, home spaces, and the act of home making. These depictions diverge from cinematic spaces of and metaphors about the home found in the works of previous directors. While ‘home’ on screen has been shaped throughout Japanese cinema history by dominant gendered narratives that imagine family and the physical house itself as an ideological extension of the state, contemporary Japanese women directors reimagine home as not a physical structure or ‘traditional’ family, but as a matter of repetitive habit expressed through visual and narrative motifs. This creates a sense of ‘at-homeness’ in their films that resonates with how a contemporaneous generation of young people in Japan have also found new definitions of and feelings about home. This article traces both the depiction of home in Japanese cinema and the dominant definitions of ‘home’ in Japanese public discourse from the early 1920s to the early 2000s, before offering a close analysis of two case studies – directors Tanada Yuki and Ogigami Naoko – to show how members of this new generation find an expression of home through the formal craft of cinema itself.

Вернакулярний ландшафт і його роль у розвитку креативних міських практик

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the vernacular landscape concept defined as one that is culturally conceptualized both within the city and outside it. We identified the key characteristics of the concept, such as: community, border, temporal development (Jackson), repetitive practices of non-professionals, variability and diversity (Certeau). We determined the key methods of cultural research of the vernacular landscape: representational and phenomenological. Representational method deals with the practices that refer to the repetitive habits and customs of the dwellers, everyday practices that are manifested in long-term fields studies and film and video materials stydying. We considered the peculiarities of vernacular landscape formation in the city and creativity as its essential characteristic. Accordingly, creative practices that shape the vernacular landscape of the city have the following defining features: inclusiveness, repeatability and familiarity, non-expertise, non-economic motivation. The nature of creativity itself allows the creative individual to directly influence the common good, changing the landscape of her locus (yard, district, city, etc.). The concept of tactical urbanism is considered as an alternative to the concept of creative economy and one that sees vernacular creative practices as a key engine for the development of creative potential of the city. This updated approach to understanding creativity significantly expands the term of vernacular landscape: both physically (because it expands the geography of creative practices of the city, going beyond certain areas, where the creative class is concentrated, up to the suburbs) and substantively (creative practices are interpreted in many more variable key). Creativity is singled out as one of the most common and revealing types of creative practices that have great potential in the qualitative transformation of the vernacular landscape of the city. Yarnbombing is a clear example of such a tactical intervention in urban space.

Journal Digest: Electrical Brain Stimulation and OC; Postpartum Depression Scale; Antidepressants and Sciatica Pain; Vitamin D and ADHD Risk in Children; Cannabidiol and Cocaine Relapse; Gender Differences and Suicide Attempt

Journal Digest: Electrical Brain Stimulation and OC; Postpartum Depression Scale; Antidepressants and Sciatica Pain; Vitamin D and ADHD Risk in Children; Cannabidiol and Cocaine Relapse; Gender Differences and Suicide Attempt

Case Report on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder in which people have recurrent,undesirable thoughts, ideas or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel compelled to go and dosomething (compulsion) repeatedly. Repetitive habits, such as washing hands, inspecting items or bathing,can substantially interfere with the everyday routines and social experiences of a individual.Symptoms: Behavioral changes like hyperactivity, impulsivity, repetitive movement, perfectionism andsocial isolation. Mood changes likes anxiety, anger and apprehension. Psychological changes like sleepdisturbance, fear, repeatedly going over thoughts and narcissism.Investigation: Hb% - 13 mg/dl; Glucose plasma random – 86 mg%; Serum Globulin– 3.2gm %; serumProtein- 7gm %; HIV, HCV, HBsAg, VDRL, all of these tests were negative.Surgical Management: Patient have no past surgical history.Medical Management: Patient was treated with Ativan (Lorazepam) 3mg q6hr per oral and Therapies likeAversion therapy and Group Psychotherapy was also used.Nursing Management: Assess for physical, psychological and social data. Aware for Impact of obsessionsand compulsions on physical health, mood, self-esteem and natural capacity to cope. Remember that thedefense mechanisms used, the nature or structure of the feeling, the suicidal risk, the capacity to work andthe space accessible for social support services.Conclusion: Patient was admitted to AVBRH and was diagnosed to have Obsessive-compulsive disorder.The got appropriate treatment and therapy and his condition has improved well.

Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Long Term Naturalistic Follow Up Study in a Single Institution.

IntroductionDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a proven, effective tool in the treatment of movement disorders. Expansion of indications for DBS into the realm of neuropsychiatric disorders, especially obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), has gained fervent interest, although data on appropriate clinical utilization remains limited.MethodsA retrospective, naturalistic study followed nine severely affected OCD patients (average YBOCs score before implantation 34.2 ± 2.5) treated with DBS of ventral capsule/ventral striatum, with average follow up of 54.8 months.ResultsWith chronic stimulation (years), a majority of the patients achieved significant benefits in obsessive–compulsive and depressive symptoms. Six patients experienced periods of OCD remission following implantation. Four of the six responders required more than 12 months to achieve response. Relief of major depressive symptoms occurred in four out of six patients with documented co-morbid depression. Settings required to achieve efficacy were higher than those typically utilized for movement disorders, necessitating increased impulse generator (IPG) battery demand. We found patients benefited from conversion to a rechargeable IPG to prevent serial operations for IPG replacement. For patients with rechargeable IPGs, the repetitive habit of recharging did not appear to aggravate or trigger new obsessive–compulsive behaviors or anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsOur study supports and builds upon other research suggesting that DBS for OCD in a real-world setting can be implemented successfully and provide long-term benefit for severely affected OCD patients. Optimal patient selection and DBS programming criteria are discussed. The use of rechargeable IPGs appears to be both cost effective and well-tolerated in this population.

Is problematic exercise really problematic? A dimensional approach.

Though moderate exercise has numerous health benefits, some individuals may become excessively preoccupied with exercise, endorsing features akin to "addiction." The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between problematic exercise (viewed dimensionally), quality of life, and psychological measures. Young adults were recruited from an established population-based cohort in the United Kingdom and completed an online survey. The factor structure of the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) was characterized. Relationships between dimensional EAI factor scores and other variables (impulsivity, compulsivity, emotional dysregulation) were elicited. Six hundred and forty-two individuals took part in the study (mean age 23.4 years, 64.7% female). The EAI yielded two factors - a "general factor" and a "relationship conflict factor." Both EAI factor scores were associated with disordered eating, impulsivity (UPPS), and compulsivity (CHI-T). Only the relationship conflict factor score was significantly associated with impaired quality of life (all domains) and with maladaptive personality traits (emotional dysregulation and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits). Few participants met conventional threshold for full exercise addiction (1.1%). Higher problematic exercise scores, in a sample largely free from exercise addiction, were associated with impulsive and compulsive personality features, emotional dysregulation, and disordered eating. Further research is needed to examine whether these results generalize to other populations (such as gym attendees) and are evident using more rigorous in-person clinical assessment rather than online assessment. Longitudinal research is needed to examine both positive and negative impacts of exercise, since moderate exercise may, in fact, be useful for those with impulsive/compulsive tendencies, by dampening negative emotional states or substituting for other more damaging types of repetitive habit.

Facebook Usage of Sri Lankan Consumers: Consumption Perspective of Social Media

Social media has become pervasive, impacting the social and cultural fabric of our society and changing the nature of social relationships. Facebook, being the second most visited website in the world and No: 01 in Sri Lanka, could be identified as a special kind of addiction today where an average user browses Facebook at least for 30 minutes a day from computers or smart devices and gets exposed to diverse content on Facebook as a habit. Marlatt, Baer, Donovan, and Kivlahan, defined addictive behavior as “a repetitive habit pattern that increases the risk of disease and/or associated personal and social problems” or “the behavior continues to occur despite volitional attempts to abstain or moderate use”. Compulsive, excessive, impulsive, uncontrolled, and indulgent were also listed instead of the term “addictive”. In this study, the researcher has attempted to investigate the relationship of compulsive consumption behavior on Facebook has with the demographic factors of individuals.

Persistent and repetitive: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and self-employment

Abstract Are individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) more likely to be self-employed? Building on recent works on mental health conditions and entrepreneurship, we examine whether the persistent and repetitive habits of individuals with OCPD could increase the odds of self-employment. Based on a sample of participants from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), those with OCPD were more likely to be self-employed. Additionally, our results suggest that males with OCPD and younger individuals with OCPD (marginally supported) were more likely to be self-employed. The findings are robust to additional specifications, and have implications for research on mental health and self-employment.

Fluidity of places in everyday food consumption: Introducing snackscapes

AbstractSnack consumption encompasses the repetitive habits of consumers in various everyday life spaces. Despite the pervasiveness of snack consumption worldwide, the phenomenon of snacking has not been given extensive attention, unlike other areas of food consumption research. Yet, snacking shows certain distinctive features, such as fluidity of places. This study leans on foodscape literature and introduces the concept of snackscape, which enables us to showcase the multiplicity of places in snacking culture. While prior foodscape studies are located in certain tangible places, such as urban surroundings, festival sites or particular geographical areas, snackscapes demonstrate how snacks may be consumed, for instance, on the move from one place to another, or in a variety of places that are not part of one's ordinary routines, such as on a picnic or a holiday trip to a foreign country. The findings show how places of habitual snack consumption vary from time to time—or are even on the move. This is a powerful demonstration of how a routine‐like consumption practice takes place in everyday life. This study also highlights important consumer policy issues, especially in regard to young consumers and their snacking habits. Thereby, the study brings forward the agentic capacity of snackscapes having implications on engaging in healthier snack consumption.

Managing obsessive compulsive disorder.

Unlike obsessive compulsive personality traits or occasional repetitive habits, obsessive compulsive disorder can be highly distressing and associated with significant disability. Treatment should always be offered. Psychological interventions and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are first-line treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder. Patients with obsessive compulsive disorder respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors at a slower rate than those with depression. The dose of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor can be increased at two-week intervals depending on the patient's response. Aim for doses in the higher therapeutic range. Improvements from treatment usually plateau at 12 weeks. Successful treatment should continue for at least 12 months. There is a significant risk of relapse when treatment is stopped.

Are lottery scratchcards a "hard" form of gambling?

This article argues that scratchcards are not an extension of the online U.K. National Lottery but an entirely different form of gambling, with its own implications for future gambling policy. It also argues that scratchcards are potentially addictive and should be considered a "hard" form of gambling. The author suggests that scratchcard gambling could become a repetitive habit for some people because of their integrated mix of conditioning effects, rapid event frequency, short payout intervals and psychological rewards coupled with the fact that scratchcards require no skill and are highly accessible, deceptively inexpensive and available in "respectable" outlets. On March 21, 1995, Camelot - the consortium that runs the U.K. National Lottery online - introduced scratchcards. Like the online game, 28% of ticket sales contribute towards "good causes" distributed by the National Lotteries Charities Board. Although scratchcards are not new to the United Kingdom, many people view them as intricately linked with the National Lottery. Camelot's scratchcards were the first to benefit from both heavy advertising (television, national newspapers, billboards, etc.) and large jackpots (e.g., £50,000), which meant they became successful very quickly.

Queratosis artefacta

Abstract—Compulsive habits in dermatology are diverse and include several conditions, such as trichotillomania, onychophagia and neurotic excoriations among others.Nine patients with a self-inflicted, compulsive condition are described. The artefact lesions were produced by the uncontrollable and repetitive habit of biting and/or rubbing the skin of localized parts of their hands or fingers. The lesions mainly consisted of hyperkeratotic nodules especially located on the dorsum of the hands or fingers. Differential diagnosis should be done with other types of callosities.