Reperfusion Of Occluded Arteries Research Articles

S-nitrosation of calpains is associated with cardioprotection in myocardial I/R injury

BackgroundMyocardial infarction remains the single leading cause of death worldwide. Upon reperfusion of occluded arteries, deleterious cellular mediators particularly located at the mitochondria level can be activated, thus limiting the outcome in patients. This may lead to the so-called ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Calpains are cysteine proteases and mediators of caspase-independent cell death. Recently, they have emerged as central transmitters of cellular injury in several cardiac pathologies e.g. hypertrophy and acute I/R injury. MethodsHere we investigated the role of cardiac calpains in acute I/R in relation to mitochondrial integrity and whether calpains can be effectively inhibited by posttranslational modification by S-nitrosation. Taking advantage of the a cardiomyocyte cell line (HL1), we determined S-nitrosation by the Biotin-switch approach, cell viability and intracellular calcium concentration after simulated ischemia and reoxygenation - all in dependence of supplementation with nitrite, which is known as an ‘hypoxic nitric oxide (NO) donor’. Likewise, using an in vivo I/R model, calpain S-nitrosation, calpain activity and myocardial I/R injury were characterized in vivo. ResultsNitrite administration resulted in an increased S-nitrosation of calpains, and this was associated with an improved cell-survival. No impact was detected on calcium levels. In line with these in vitro experiments, nitrite initiated calpain S-nitrosation in vivo and caused an infarct sparing effect in an in vivo myocardial I/R model. Using electron microscopy in combination with immuno-gold labeling we determined that calpain 10 increased, while calpain 2 decreased in the course of I/R. Nitrite, in turn, prevented an I/R induced increase of calpains 10 at mitochondria and reduced levels of calpain 1. ConclusionLethal myocardial injury remains a key aspect of myocardial I/R. We show that calpains, as key players in caspase-independent apoptosis, increasingly locate at mitochondria following I/R. Inhibitory post-translational modification by S-nitrosation of calpains reduces deleterious calpain activity in murine cardiomyocytes and in vivo.

The Trevo device: preclinical data of a novel stroke thrombectomy device in two different animal models of arterial thrombo-occlusive disease

BackgroundThe currently available mechanical devices fail to achieve recanalization in as many as 20–40% of proximal arterial occlusion strokes.ObjectiveThe preclinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a novel thrombectomy...

O-025 The Trevo device: preclinical data of a novel stroke thrombectomy device in two different animal models of arterial thrombo-occlusive disease

IntroductionThe currently available mechanical devices fail to achieve recanalization in as many as 20–40% of proximal arterial occlusion strokes. We now report on the preclinical evaluation of the safety and...