Repair Work Research Articles

Digital indicator for evaluating the hydraulic control system of the tractor gearbox

The effi ciency of using energy-saturated tractors in agriculture largely depends on the level of preparation for fi eld work, which in turn depends on an objective assessment of the general technical condition of components and assemblies to justify the repair and maintenance work carried out. Various diagnostic tools are widely used for a non-selective assessment of the general technical condition of the internal combustion engine: motor testers, crankcase gas fl ow meters, etc. However, there are no such means to assess the technical condition of the transmission (gearbox) of energy-saturated equipment of domestic production. In conditions of logistical remoteness from service centers, there is a need to develop digital indicators to assess the general technical condition of a hydraulically controlled gearbox according to the time of the transition process, allowing the end user to contact the dealer’s service company in a timely manner (The purpose of the study) to study the status of the issue, analyze the NTD and search experiments and develop an experimental digital indicator for monitoring the general technical condition of boxes transmission changes of energy-saturated tractors of domestic production according to the transition process in the hydraulic control system. (Materials and methods) Conducted an analysis, studied the NTD, as well as methodological guidelines for diagnosing and managing the reliability of agricultural machinery, previously produced control and diagnostic equipment, KI-112383 was chosen as an analog for the development of a digital indicator. It has been established that the method of transient characteristics is widely used to diagnose rapidly changing processes. Monitoring the time of the transition process in the hydraulic control system is a necessary diagnostic procedure that allows you to indiscriminately assess the overall technical condition of the KP of operated energysaturated tractors. (Results and discussion) the results of staged experiments using the E-14-140M ADC when running in the gearbox of the K-744R tractor on the stand showed the possibility of a comparative assessment of the general technical condition according to the transient characteristics of pressure recovery in the control system during gear shifting. To develop a prototype of the digital indicator, a virtual simulation was carried out with simulation of the algorithms of operation, and test tests were carried out on the developed laboratory installation. The developed experimental digital indicator can be used as an integrated monitoring tool to automatically determine the general technical condition of the gearbox, as well as inform the operator to minimize the infl uence of the «human» factor when changing gears. (Conclusions) For eff ective management of the general technical condition of tractors, it is necessary to pilot the implementation of the developed digital indicator, which will allow assessing the dynamics of changes in the transient pressure recovery process as a diagnostic parameter during the repair of the gearbox and under operating conditions of tractors without making changes to the design.

Barrel rifling node offset detection and subsequent optimization based on thin film in-mold decoration characteristics of the Johnson–Cook model

In this paper, a nodal detection method for the detection and optimization of barrel helix offsets is proposed. The barrel used in this experiment is a 6-helix barrel. Moreover, the special properties of the film of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material are used to cover the surface of the barrel helix with a virtual in-mold decoration (IMD) film, and the unique nature of the film die offset in the IMD is utilized to detect the position of the barrel helix. The area with a large die index is the area with a large helix offset in the barrel, and the IMD die index is introduced to quantify the data. The IMD die index is used to determine the helix offset of the damaged barrel. The novelty of this work is that each node can use the die index to efficiently detect the position of the barrel helix deviation, carry out subsequent optimization and repair work through the optimization of the injection molding parameters and the design optimization of the barrel and verify the experiment by comparing the results. Through the steady-state simulation research mode, different permutations and combinations of the two process parameters are simulated to study their effects. Quantitative reference indicators include but are not limited to dependent variables such as the fluid flow velocity, shear rate, temperature distribution and phase transition, and the shear heating process of the injection screw is taken into account in the mold flow analysis to ensure that the die index value is more accurate. It can be seen from the analysis results that the temperature of the barrel changes after the groove depth and groove width are changed, and the effect ratio of the groove depth is lower than that of the groove width in the same degree of size change.

Brickwork in Norway: tradition encounters a new age of industrial construction, 1905–1912

During the first decades of the twentieth century, construction technology experienced rapid developments, which also affected industrial buildings. This paper demonstrates this evolution between 1905 and 1912 through the case of the Rjukan and Notodden UNESCO World Heritage site in central southern Norway. The site was established for the purpose of producing synthetic nitrogen fertiliser by the company Hydro. There, building systems changed from timber frames with brick infill to pure brick bearing walls and finally to more sophisticated wall-braced cage buildings where steel was incorporated. Increasing the structural capacity was the answer to the growing demand for higher and larger industrial buildings. This case study presents the characteristics and establishes an initial account of the types of construction systems. Embedded steel that is concealed within brickwork can be subject to corrosion and compromise structural integrity. Studying these systems and materials in greater detail and identifying conservation issues will support future repair work. The studied buildings reveal also that used systems were not unique to this remote mountain area, but the technology used was in line with developments in leading industrial nations around the world. This places the site also in an international context of architecture and engineering history.

From Reactive to Proactive Infrastructure Maintenance: Remote Sensing Data and Practical Resilience in the Management of Leaky Pipes

The introduction of remote sensing technologies, AI and big data analytics in the utility sector is warranted by the need to provide critical services with the least disruption to customers, but also to enable preventive maintenance, extend the life cycle of infrastructure components and reduce grid loss—or overall, to exhibit ‘durability’ and ‘resilience’ when faced with the certainty of breakage and decay. In this paper, we first explore the concept of ‘resilience’ and the nature of practice from a performativist perspective in order to set the scene for discussing the impact of ‘datafication’ on maintenance practices and infrastructure durability. We then describe an instance of introducing remote sensing technologies in district heating network surveillance and leak detection: drone-operated thermographic cameras and underground wire sensors. Based on insights from this case study, we discuss the specificity of data-driven infrastructure maintenance practices, and what it means to exhibit practical resilience in relation to how such practices unfold, interrelate and evolve over time. We reflect on how the use of remote sensing technologies and data analytics (1) potentially changes district heating workers’ epistemic worlds (i.e., how knowledge emerges, is negotiated and ordered in practice) and (2) provides opportunities for ‘messy’ pipe repair work to tacitly adopt proactive and preventive logics to meet continuously evolving organizational and societal needs.

Discussion

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken at the Jedburgh Abbey Rampart during repair and construction works to consolidate and secure the ‘rampart’ wall and its face, both of which had begun to deteriorate and fail. The watching brief followed on from earlier works to investigate the construction of the ‘rampart’, which had revealed the presence of disarticulated skeletal remains behind the wall. The excavations undertaken during the repair works have helped to infer the methods employed for the construction of the ‘rampart’, likely dating to the late 18th century. During construction several burials of the former Low Kirkyard were disturbed and displaced, with the disarticulated remains of several skeletons found within the construction deposits. The watching brief also revealed the remains of five burials that were partially disturbed during construction, with skeletal remains dating from the 15th century onwards. Disturbance to earlier graves, not disturbed by the construction, were also identified, the results of which indicate changing attitudes to skeletal remains through the post medieval and early modern periods.

Abstract

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken at the Jedburgh Abbey Rampart during repair and construction works to consolidate and secure the ‘rampart’ wall and its face, both of which had begun to deteriorate and fail. The watching brief followed on from earlier works to investigate the construction of the ‘rampart’, which had revealed the presence of disarticulated skeletal remains behind the wall. The excavations undertaken during the repair works have helped to infer the methods employed for the construction of the ‘rampart’, likely dating to the late 18th century. During construction several burials of the former Low Kirkyard were disturbed and displaced, with the disarticulated remains of several skeletons found within the construction deposits. The watching brief also revealed the remains of five burials that were partially disturbed during construction, with skeletal remains dating from the 15th century onwards. Disturbance to earlier graves, not disturbed by the construction, were also identified, the results of which indicate changing attitudes to skeletal remains through the post medieval and early modern periods.

Introduction

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken at the Jedburgh Abbey Rampart during repair and construction works to consolidate and secure the ‘rampart’ wall and its face, both of which had begun to deteriorate and fail. The watching brief followed on from earlier works to investigate the construction of the ‘rampart’, which had revealed the presence of disarticulated skeletal remains behind the wall. The excavations undertaken during the repair works have helped to infer the methods employed for the construction of the ‘rampart’, likely dating to the late 18th century. During construction several burials of the former Low Kirkyard were disturbed and displaced, with the disarticulated remains of several skeletons found within the construction deposits. The watching brief also revealed the remains of five burials that were partially disturbed during construction, with skeletal remains dating from the 15th century onwards. Disturbance to earlier graves, not disturbed by the construction, were also identified, the results of which indicate changing attitudes to skeletal remains through the post medieval and early modern periods.

The finds

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken at the Jedburgh Abbey Rampart during repair and construction works to consolidate and secure the ‘rampart’ wall and its face, both of which had begun to deteriorate and fail. The watching brief followed on from earlier works to investigate the construction of the ‘rampart’, which had revealed the presence of disarticulated skeletal remains behind the wall. The excavations undertaken during the repair works have helped to infer the methods employed for the construction of the ‘rampart’, likely dating to the late 18th century. During construction several burials of the former Low Kirkyard were disturbed and displaced, with the disarticulated remains of several skeletons found within the construction deposits. The watching brief also revealed the remains of five burials that were partially disturbed during construction, with skeletal remains dating from the 15th century onwards. Disturbance to earlier graves, not disturbed by the construction, were also identified, the results of which indicate changing attitudes to skeletal remains through the post medieval and early modern periods.

Acknowledgements

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken at the Jedburgh Abbey Rampart during repair and construction works to consolidate and secure the ‘rampart’ wall and its face, both of which had begun to deteriorate and fail. The watching brief followed on from earlier works to investigate the construction of the ‘rampart’, which had revealed the presence of disarticulated skeletal remains behind the wall. The excavations undertaken during the repair works have helped to infer the methods employed for the construction of the ‘rampart’, likely dating to the late 18th century. During construction several burials of the former Low Kirkyard were disturbed and displaced, with the disarticulated remains of several skeletons found within the construction deposits. The watching brief also revealed the remains of five burials that were partially disturbed during construction, with skeletal remains dating from the 15th century onwards. Disturbance to earlier graves, not disturbed by the construction, were also identified, the results of which indicate changing attitudes to skeletal remains through the post medieval and early modern periods.

References

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken at the Jedburgh Abbey Rampart during repair and construction works to consolidate and secure the ‘rampart’ wall and its face, both of which had begun to deteriorate and fail. The watching brief followed on from earlier works to investigate the construction of the ‘rampart’, which had revealed the presence of disarticulated skeletal remains behind the wall. The excavations undertaken during the repair works have helped to infer the methods employed for the construction of the ‘rampart’, likely dating to the late 18th century. During construction several burials of the former Low Kirkyard were disturbed and displaced, with the disarticulated remains of several skeletons found within the construction deposits. The watching brief also revealed the remains of five burials that were partially disturbed during construction, with skeletal remains dating from the 15th century onwards. Disturbance to earlier graves, not disturbed by the construction, were also identified, the results of which indicate changing attitudes to skeletal remains through the post medieval and early modern periods.

Archaeological results

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken at the Jedburgh Abbey Rampart during repair and construction works to consolidate and secure the ‘rampart’ wall and its face, both of which had begun to deteriorate and fail. The watching brief followed on from earlier works to investigate the construction of the ‘rampart’, which had revealed the presence of disarticulated skeletal remains behind the wall. The excavations undertaken during the repair works have helped to infer the methods employed for the construction of the ‘rampart’, likely dating to the late 18th century. During construction several burials of the former Low Kirkyard were disturbed and displaced, with the disarticulated remains of several skeletons found within the construction deposits. The watching brief also revealed the remains of five burials that were partially disturbed during construction, with skeletal remains dating from the 15th century onwards. Disturbance to earlier graves, not disturbed by the construction, were also identified, the results of which indicate changing attitudes to skeletal remains through the post medieval and early modern periods.

Environmental analysis

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken at the Jedburgh Abbey Rampart during repair and construction works to consolidate and secure the ‘rampart’ wall and its face, both of which had begun to deteriorate and fail. The watching brief followed on from earlier works to investigate the construction of the ‘rampart’, which had revealed the presence of disarticulated skeletal remains behind the wall. The excavations undertaken during the repair works have helped to infer the methods employed for the construction of the ‘rampart’, likely dating to the late 18th century. During construction several burials of the former Low Kirkyard were disturbed and displaced, with the disarticulated remains of several skeletons found within the construction deposits. The watching brief also revealed the remains of five burials that were partially disturbed during construction, with skeletal remains dating from the 15th century onwards. Disturbance to earlier graves, not disturbed by the construction, were also identified, the results of which indicate changing attitudes to skeletal remains through the post medieval and early modern periods.

Automated wireless system for monitoring the technical condition of chimneys

The present paper considers the technology of monitoring the technical condition of chimneys in order to identify areas of increased heat losses. The technology involves an automated wireless monitoring system that includes an unmanned aircraft with additional equipment. Aim. To study the operation safety of reinforced concrete chimneys used in hazardous industrial facilities. The presented monitoring technology tackles the task of prompt identification of defects and damages to reduce the risks of potentially hazardous conditions. While developing technology for monitoring the technical condition, special attention is paid to its autonomy and intelligence. At the first stage, sensors, coordinators and remote thermometry system are installed with the transmission of data on the temperature of the chimney trunk to the control center. At the next stage, the outer surface of the chimney is examined using an unmanned aicraft equipped with a thermal imaging camera to verify information about heat losses. The final stage involves creating a thermogram of the object and a scheme of the possible locations of the identified defects in order to plan repair works. In addition, the paper introduces main advantages of the suggested technology.

Seismic behaviour and design of a tall mixed reinforced concrete–steel structure supporting an oil refinery reactor

AbstractThis study investigates the seismic behaviour of a special mixed reinforced concrete-steel structure that supports an oil refinery reactor. The structure is 64.90 m tall and consists of three parts: (a) a reinforced concrete frame basement; (b) a steel braced frame that supports the oil reactor and (c) the steel reactor itself. A three-dimensional model of the structure is created to perform static non-linear (pushover) analyses in order to obtain the capacity curves and understand the overall inelastic behavior of the structure. The results of the pushover analyses reveal that the structure exhibits similar inelastic behavior in both horizontal directions and satisfies the capacity design principles. The structure exhibits limited ductility considering the fact that has been designed with a behavior factor of q = 1.5 and primary damages are expected mainly in concrete members. Subsequently, dynamic non-linear time-history (NLTH) analyses are performed utilizing the three translational components of three seismic motions recorded during past earthquakes. These results involve: (i) the maximum values for displacements, accelerations and base shears; (ii) the maximum stresses at critical points of the oil refining reactor and (iii) the formation of plastic hinges at columns, beams and braces of the structure. Contrary to pushover analyses, NLTH analyses revealed the development of plastic hinges, hence seismic damage, that do not follow the desirable formation pattern. Moreover, the accelerations and displacements observed are expected to cause failure of the piping and mechanical equipment, while local failure of the high-stress areas of the shell of the reactor may be possible. Localized strengthening might be necessary to avoid repair works and downtime after such seismic event.

A Ranking Analysis of Geological and Engineering Factors of Historical Monuments’ Stability Response: A Case Study of Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, Ukraine

The historical monuments of the National Preserve “Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra” play an important role in the context of preserving the UNESCO World Heritage. The scientific understanding of the buildings and structures safety management the priority of conducting repair and restoration works, the organization of their technical condition monitoring, and changes in the components of the geological environment in their locations is crucial. The purpose of this study is to identify potentially hazardous areas on the territory of the Lavra for the operation of structures by conducting a point-based integral assessment of the stability potential of the natural and technogenic system with the integration of geospatial methods and to rank the structures using the analytical hierarchy process. According to the modeling results by 17 stability factors and using ArcGIS, 37% (8.7 ha) of the Lavra territory is located in the zone of moderate hazard, 23% (5.4 ha) in the zone of potential hazard, where the manifestation and conditions of more than five dangerous engineering and geological processes intersect, and 40% (9.4 ha) in the zone of relative safety. In each zone, 10 representative structures were selected for ranking according to the stability of natural and technogenic operating conditions and their current technical condition, which is determined by nine criteria. The analysis using two methods identified the areas most at risk from seasonal fluctuations and possible military impacts and allowed us to scientifically substantiate the priority of repair and restoration work and the possibility of properly planning management measures for the selected structures, as well as to offer recommendations for improving the monitoring of the geological environment of the Lavra.

Infrastructure Development and Donation Culture in the Gaza Strip

ABSTRACTInfrastructure consists of interlinked and nested sociotechnical systems, the construction, maintenance, and repair of which requires considerable ongoing outlays of material resources, technical know‐how and throughput, and political will. Building upon “broken world” approaches, this research uses qualitative methods to study infrastructure development, breakdown, and repair through the lens of a particular collaborative humanitarian initiative involving the public health sector in the Gaza Strip. Findings from this research suggest that a lack of donation ethics combined with policies that privilege “service over stuff” enable and exacerbate key infrastructural breakdowns, perpetuate maladaptive behaviors, inhibit meaningful development, and reinforce dominant harmful regimes. The paper concludes by arguing for increased critical and ethical awareness of donation culture and its consequences, a reconsideration of development policies that limit funding support to services rather than material and infrastructure supports, and an emphasis on building local capacity for maintenance and repair work.

Concrete corrosion in seaward walls of marine breakwaters

Most offshore hydrotechnical structures, once completed and put into service, work both above and below the water surface. Modernization, repair or reinforcement of concrete or reinforced concrete structures in constant contact with salt water poses many problems. The most difficult task is to ensure and maintain efficiency, as well as continuity and readiness to work during the renovation of the structure. The paper presents examples of concrete corrosion that can occur in marine breakwaters; the types of impacts are defined, as well as the associated types of corrosion. The main part of the publication consists of actual examples of damage to concrete walls of water side walls of breakwaters, as well as designed repair methods and their implementation. In addition, the Reader can see photographic documentation of the structure showing both the scale of corrosion damage, repair work and the final result

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ ПРЕДИКТИВНОЙ АНАЛИТИКИ ДЛЯ ПРОГНОЗА ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ КРУПНОГАБАРИТНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ

The article presents the results of a study in the field of predictive analytics for the repair of largesized equipment in the building materials industry. New data processing techniques and the use of artificial intelligence,especially machine learning, can improve the prediction of the future state of equipment. The stages of predictive analytics application are presented, the possibility of predicting the residual resource is described and the effective use of predictive analytics is demonstrated using the example of restoring the trunnion of a ball mill. The data obtained are analyzed, on the basis of which it is concluded that repair work is necessary to increase the inter-repair life of the equipment and reduce economic losses. In conclusion, the validity of the use of predictive analytics for the repair of large-sized equipment and making optimal decisions is emphasized. The use of predictive analytics makes it possible to increase the efficiency of repair of large-sized equipment by increasing the repair life, reducing the number of downtime and preventing unplanned breakdowns. This approach is a promising and practical solution for enterprises in the building materials industry.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОПТИМАЛЬНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ КАПЕЛЬНОЙ ЛЕНТЫ ДЛЯ МЕХАНИЗИРОВАННОЙ УКЛАДКИ

The introduction of drip irrigation systems in irrigated areas is impossible without the creation of special machines for laying drip tape. The advantage of in-soil laying of the tape is the absence of losses due to evaporation of irrigation water and the inadmissibility of its heating to temperatures dangerous for the plant in the hot season. To ensure high-quality laying of the drip tape in the soil, constant tension of the tape is required when the speed of the machine fluctuates or it suddenly stops. The absence of constant tension will lead to jamming of the tape in the laying pipe or its twisting, which will make further operation of the drip irrigation system impossible and will require repair work that requires additional labor costs. Constant tension of the tape ensures its precise location in the soil, which will eliminate additional pressure losses when the position of the tape changes during operation of the drip irrigation system. To maintain constant tension, a permanent brake is required. This creates additional tensile forces applied to the tape. The tape is also affected by the resistance of laying it in the soil. The research was aimed at establishing the numerical values of the forces acting on the drip tape to assess their impact. The most popular tapes on farms are those with a thickness of 0.15...0.25 mm due to their low cost. Research has established that for underground installation it is desirable to use a tape with a thickness of at least 0.2 mm. When using a tape with a thickness of 0.15 mm, tensile forces can lead to dangerous deformations of the tape, making it impossible to further use

Systems of autonomous running of urban electric transport

The autonomous running system (ARS) is crucial for urban electric transport, ensuring the movement of electric rolling stock even when access to the contact network is lost owing to emergencies or repair work. Thanks to the ARS, the vehicles can maintain their set speeds, providing passengers with comfortable and safe movements. The autonomous running allows vehicles to remain mobile and accessible to passengers, even without power supply from the contact network. ARS increases the reliability and efficiency of urban electric transport, ensuring a more stable operation of the transportation system in the city. This article aims to review the transport systems of urban electric transport and assess their development potential by integrating an ARS into the rolling stock.