Reorganization Of Society Research Articles

전환기 슬로베니아 고등교육 개혁의 특징과 결과 연구

At the outset of Slovenia’s transition period, the urgent national task was to establish democracy, liberalism, and pluralistic values across all sectors. This comprehensive transition involved institutional reorganization in society, politics, education, and media, alongside reforms targeting the general public. Education emerged as a crucial tool for fostering and disseminating liberal democratic values, aiming to socialize individuals into understanding the moral, civic, and societal obligations of the new system. Slovenian school reform during this period was grounded in liberal democratic values, human rights, and knowledge. Initially, higher education reform lagged due to internal circumstances, with a focus on complementing previous socialist-era reforms rather than enacting substantive changes. However, upon Slovenia's accession to the European Union, a process of Europeanization swept across the nation, prompting the initiation of higher education reform aligned with the Bologna Process. Despite expectations, the Bologna Process encountered resistance in Slovenian higher education and yielded less favorable outcomes than anticipated. This study examines the foundational values of Slovenia’s educational reform for establishing a liberal democratic system and Europeanizing it, while also analyzing the controversies and results surrounding the ‘Bologna Process’, a key symbol of higher education globalization.

Strengthening National Citizenship in The Early Republic Years: De-Naturalization (1923-1938)

Bir gruba aidiyetin sembolleri olan etnisite, dil, kültür ve inanç gibi bağlarla inşa edilmiş milli veya etnik kimlik algısı, aynı zamanda vatandaşlık duygusunun modern dönemlerdeki yeni sınırlarını milliyetçi ve seküler fikirler ile çizmekteydi. Toplumların daha politik ve ekonomik referanslar ile ayrışmaya başladığı ve yeniden örgütlenmesine yol açan Aydınlanma Çağı, Sanayi İnkılabı ve Fransız İhtilali gibi gelişmeler millet tanımına yeni yorumlar kazandırmıştır. Çağdaş, düşünsel ve ideolojik referansların etkisiyle millet olmanın yeni yapay sınırları ulusal topraklar ile millileştirilmiş edebiyat, tarih, kültür ve hukuk ile bunları özümsemiş yeni vatandaş tipi tanımlanmaktaydı. Milliyetçilik, vatandaşlığın tanımında gün geçtikçe daha geçerli bir yorum haline gelmekteydi. Avrupa’nın diğer ülkelerinden farklı bir tarihselliği olan Osmanlı’da, vatandaşlığın tarifi din temelli olup hem karmaşık hem de heterojen bir karakteristiği resmetmekteydi. Vatandaşlığın, Cumhuriyet döneminde el alınışı ise laik ve çağdaş bir Türklük tanımlanması şeklinde olmuştur. Yeni kurumsal anlayışı ve ideolojik vasıfları ile Cumhuriyet ideolojisinde, Kemalist milliyetçilerinin temel düşünce evrenini, yapılan inkılâplar inşa etmekteydi. Haliyle, millî vatandaşlığın çerçevesini de bu gelişmeler oluşturmaktaydı. Bu süre zarfında yeni ulusal karakterli vatandaşlık tanımına uymayanların veya uymak istemeyenleri çeşitli siyasi, kültürel, bürokratik ve hukuki süreçler beklemekteydi. Bu çalışmada, erken Cumhuriyet yıllarında uygulanan yeni vatandaşlık rejimine uymayan kişilerin vatandaşlıktan çıkarılma süreçleri sebepleriyle ele alınmıştır.

Feasibility of the Goal of Sociology under Its Current Methodology

Sociology has attained a prominent status in the modern world, due to the role it played in the analysis of contemporary social issues and events. This has attracted an increasing interest in sociology not only in the Westerns societies, but also in the Muslim world due to their desire for modernization. Therefore, this article attempts to analyse whether sociology can attain its goal of reorganizing society, based on scientific methods. It also analyses ethics and morality as alternative means for the purpose, and as a source of derivation of universal rule of human social behaviour hence, reorganization of society. This research is theoretical and philosophical and uses a qualitative method as it relies on the analysis of the data gathered from textual sources. Using an analytical approach, the writers arrive at the conclusion that Sociology under its current scientific methodology, cannot achieve its goal of reorganizing society. This can be attributed to inadequacy of scientific method in the study of human society, due to the unpredictability of human behaviour and variety of its factors. The writers also suggest the adaptation of a dynamic multidimensional method that consider variety of factors such as spiritual, physical, mental, social, and moral which heavily influence human behaviour.

On the stages of investigation and disclosure of bribery in the field of education

The article is devoted to the initial and subsequent stages of investigation and disclosure of bribery in the field of education. An increase in the level of well-being of society and of each person individually depends on the level and quality of the education received. The reorganization of society is inevitably associated with reforms in the field of education. Bribery significantly complicates the advancement of socio-economic reforms in our country, becoming an obstacle to the formation of a new democratic society. There are new ways of committing these crimes that have not yet been investigated, which complicates their identification and disclosure. The practice of combating bribery in the field of education gives reason to believe that persons who are not the first to commit these crimes are being detained on suspicion of bribery. However, in the process of investigating criminal cases, as a rule, they are charged only with the episode of criminal activity that is documented during the arrest in the act. This indicates the need to improve the methodology for identifying and disclosing bribery.

Refugee Welfare Councils as Spaces of Local Citizenship Production: The Case of Adjumani District, Uganda

Recent literature on refugees’ agency has shed light on refugees’ capacity to claim political subjectivity and to creatively engage with their condition of vulnerability. Drawing on this literature, this article shows how refugees manage to reinvent spaces of participation created from the top down in refugee settlements, turning them from invited spaces to something more akin to invented spaces of participation. It does so through the analysis of Refugee Welfare Councils, local governance institutions created by the Ugandan government and UNHCR in refugee settlements, and drawing on field research conducted in April–June 2018 in Adjumani District, Uganda. The article argues that Refugee Welfare Councils (RWCs) are turned into invented spaces of participation, through which refugees undertake actions that produce a form of local citizenship based on claiming rights to food and services, the reorganization of society through the emergence of new leadership structures, and the production of new forms of identity and belonging. These all contribute to the emergence of a new imagined community which is based on geographical proximity and on the shared experience of exile, distancing itself from prevalent traditional forms of identification and belonging in South Sudanese society.

Engineering Communication and Its Position and Function in Engineering Activities

Owing to the essential characteristics of "construction" , engineering activities will inevitably lead to the reconstruction of nature, the reorganization of society, and the remodeling of ideas. The article summarizes the status quo of engineering communication research, puts forward the ideas and principles that should be followed in discipline construction, and uses the 5W mode of communication to illustrate the ten specific areas of engineering communication research through comparative research methods. From the importance, inevitability,particularity, and value of engineering communication, it discusses the position and function of engineering communication research in engineering activities and preliminarily outlines the academic territory of engineering communication research.

Bishop Andrey (Ukhtomsky): Church Comprehension and Criticism of Ideology and Practice of Socialism

The question of the attitude of the famous church publicist Bishop Andrey (Ukhtomsky) to the theory and practice of socialism in Russia and the USSR is considered. For the first time, the views of the bishop on the similarities and differences between socialist ideology and the Orthodox faith, starting with the events of the First Russian Revolution and ending with the Soviet period, are reconstructed and analyzed. Particular attention is paid to Andrey (Ukhtomsky)’s criticism of socialism, professed by left political forces and attempts to oppose it with a different socialism, which the church publicist called Christian and ecclesiastical. The legitimacy of classifying the bishop as a supporter of Christian socialism is questioned and a view is proposed according to which Bishop Andrey’s opposition to political socialism was forced and was intended to deprive the socialists of the monopoly on knowledge about the just reorganization of society, as well as to conduct polemics with the adherents of socialism in a way they understand language. It is argued that changing political views and attitudes towards various forms of state power throughout his life, Andrey (Ukhtomsky) remained consistent in upholding his views, both on the nature of socialism and on the ways to overcome it.

Investigating the dynamics of decentralised systems in US and encouraging local participation, engagement

There is growing awareness that a top-down approach, whereby decisions are made at an executive level and disseminated down, is not the only way to run companies and countries. Professor Soichiro Maeyama, Graduate School of Urban Management, Fukuyama City University, Japan, is applying his interest in decentralised systems and the potential connections with consciousness to investigate the social function of urban decentralisation in the US. The goal is to provide new perspectives on how local dynamics and governance can be formulated. Two important considerations for Maeyama and his team are citizen governance and how organisations can introduce innovations that can motivate staff members. His vision involves a considerable reorganisation of society that ensures people can be supported and sustained ('Mighty Community'). Ultimately, Maeyama hopes that the new perspectives brought to light by his research can promote change in how local governments and various organisations as its cells operate and govern and help tackle disparities, discrimination and social fragmentation in communities across the globe. Maeyama and his team believe that citizen-governance is key to establish new paradigm-shifted governments and the necessary co-production for local residents after Covid-19.

Critiquing Print Media Transformation and Black Empowerment in South Africa: A Critical Race Theory Approach

ABSTRACT South Africa is a country found on extreme forms of inequality along race, gender, and class lines. Thus, transformation addressing these inequalities of the apartheid past became a critical factor in the re-organisation of society at the onset of democracy in 1994. One essential intervention in addressing mainly the economic disparities of the past was Black Economic Empowerment (BEE), introduced by the African National Congress (ANC) government to overcome the economic legacy of apartheid. The BEE programme, renamed the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) in 2007, measures the transformation performance of companies across all sectors of the economy, according to a specified scorecard. In the absence of a media-specific transformation policy, the Act serves as its transformation policy standard. This paper critiques the B-BBEE policy instrument in relation to print media transformation using Critical race theory, and related concepts, such as racial capitalism, and racial liberalism. The paper finds that despite the racial diversification of the racial composition of the media, B-BBEE is largely an illusion. The B-BBEE strategy has not changed the racial character of the economy, and fundamentally resulted in the co-optation of a small black elite into the wealthy white capitalist elite inherited from the apartheid era, where the “power relationship” reminiscent of apartheid still exists and white privilege intersects with other forms of subordination such as gender and class. Policies supporting media transformation must become “race conscious” in a way that openly confronts racism and engages with systematic racism and exclusion.

Realism vs utopianism

Abstract 1516 saw the publication of three important works. First of all, it is the year of Thomas More’s Utopia. But it is also the year in which Erasmus published his major political work The Education of the Christian Prince. The third work even appeared with the same publisher as More’s Utopia, viz. Nicolaas Everaerts’s Topica or legal commonplaces. All three works are remarkable in their own way. Erasmus represents a tradition that goes back to Petrarch and that saw the well-being of society as totally dependent on the virtuousness of its prince. For Thomas More this was far too risky and therefore he sketched a radical alternative that was based on a reorganisation of society as a whole. However appealing his imaginary island was, it is remarkable that within the domain of political theory it did not attract too much attention. Most authors focused on another work, that was conceived in the very same period, viz. Machiavelli’s Prince. The present article will shed light on these developments by focusing on the work of two further early-modern intellectuals active in the Netherlands. Both Justus Lipsius and Leonardus Lessius, whose work bears a strong resemblance to that of Everaerts, looked for the ideal society. And this was not a society after the model of More, but a society modelled after a well-defined form of Machiavellism.

Diet, dispersal and social differentiation during the Copper Age in eastern Hungary

Abstract

Characteristics of and changes in wartime mobilization in China: A comparison of the Second Sino–Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War

The Second Sino–Japanese War (1937–1945) and the Chinese Civil War that followed it (1946–1949) were the first total wars China experienced. Large-scale, long-term wartime mobilization and the reorganization of society are necessary to wage total war. This article will examine the characteristics of and changes in wartime mobilization under the Republican Chinese government, focusing on the above two wartime periods. It will compare China with the example of contemporary Japan and will carefully observe the process of changes in the methods of mobilization, as well as the social contradictions brought out by mobilization. Eventually, the Nationalist government could not overcome these contradictions and collapsed after its defeat in the Chinese Civil war. While groping for strategies to stave off defeat, the Nationalist government created elements that continued after 1949 in the People’s Republic of China. That is to say, the experience of wartime mobilization during total war had a great influence on China’s future historical path.

Richly Decorated Pewter Artefacts from Wrocław: Expressions of Cultural Transformation in the 13th Century

MEDIEVAL PEWTER BADGES, decorated spoon bowls and parts of diadems are very rare finds in modern Poland, and have not featured prominently in academic study because many were not identified until recently. They were introduced during what is sometimes referred to as a ‘revolution’ in 13th-­century Silesia, when legal changes saw the reorganisation of society and its culture and encouraged an influx of settlers from Germany and Flanders. These artefacts provide rich information about complex cultural changes, informing us about how urban populations responded to influences that originated in western Europe.

“Self-Interest Ennobled”: The Family in German Political Economy

This article examines conceptions of the family, and the relationships within it, as checks to individual self-interest in German economic thought over the nineteenth century. Across various discourses, marriage and the family emerged as symbols of commitment to the common good and set important terms for a simultaneous criticism and valorization of Smithian economic ideas by the historical economists after 1848. Hildebrand, Schmoller, and others drew on understandings of sex and gender roles shaped by moral and legal philosophy, biology, and anthropology, as well within an expansive, liberal public sphere, in order to argue for the central role of the family in containing the “egoism” of individual male economic actors and to link its moral status with the protection of private property. Rather than the reorganization of society proposed by their socialist competitors, the historical economists urged a revived attention to the common good through social policy sponsored by the state and reform activities taken up in gender-appropriate ways by civil-societal actors.

Sintomas depressivos e déficit cognitivo na população de 60 anos e mais em um município de médio porte do interior paulista*

Introdução: a população mundial está envelhecendo e o Brasil segue essa tendência, o que demanda uma reorganização da sociedade para o cuidado desses idosos. Observa-se, nesta tendência, um aumento do número de casos de depressão e demência, além da vinculação destas com outras doenças crônico-degenerativas. Objetivo: estimar a prevalência dos sintomas depressivos e déficits cognitivos em uma população de 60 anos e mais, moradora de um município de médio porte do interior do estado de São Paulo, e sua associação com outras doenças crônico-degenerativas mais prevalentes. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 364 idosos, utilizando: instrumentos sociodemográficos e de morbidade; o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), a Escala de Yesavage, a Escala de Atividades de Vida Diária e a Escala de Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD). Foram realizadas: análises estatísticas de frequências dos escores dos instrumentos; apresentação da sumarização das variáveis e as possíveis associações entre depressão/demência, aplicando-se o teste do X2 seguido do ajuste de um modelo de regressão logística para dados ordinais. Resultados: a suspeita de depressão foi encontrada em 44% (160) e o déficit cognitivo foi identificado em 38,7% (141) dos idosos. Aproximadamente 75% dos idosos, com suspeita de depressão ou déficit cognitivo, eram portadores de pelo menos mais uma patologia crônica. Foi possível estabelecer associações estatisticamente significativas entre: suspeita de depressão e AIVD (p<0,0001; OR=7,59; IC=3,361-7,139) e déficit cognitivo e AIVD (p=0,0007; OR=3,967; IC=1,788-8,799). Não foram encontradas associações entre idade, situação conjugal, escolaridade, inserção no mercado de trabalho, aposentadoria ou renda. Conclusão: idosos de ambos os sexos estão vulneráveis a doenças como depressão e demência. Por outro lado, sintomas depressivos e déficit cognitivo foram associados ao escore dos idosos comprometidos, segundo as AIVD.*Parte da Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu para a obtenção do Título de Mestre em Saúde Pública.

How Useful Is the Concept of GlobalSociety?

How useful is the concept of global society ? This question has been raised in different ways by several contributors to IPS , most forcefully by Mathias Albert (2007), who argues that globalization theory needs to turn to theories of society. My initial response is to note that two claims are raised by this proposition: first, that there is a significant body of literature which might usefully be called “globalization theory”; and second, that, if we are to make progress in this contentious area then we should turn, not just to theories of society, but to the most advanced of these theories, and, specifically, to the work of Niklas Luhmann. Both claims are debatable. The first, I suspect, gives the literature on globalization greater credit than it deserves. As to the second, the theories of society Albert has in mind are those of sociology, so we can take his plea as calling on us to turn to a certain kind of sociological theory. Before questioning this claim, it is important to note that there is more to sociology, and to sociological theory, than theories of society (Osborne and Rose 1997). The claim that, if we are to understand major social developments, and thus have some hope of dealing with them, we should turn to the science of society, was first advanced by Auguste Comte (often credited with coining the name of this science, “sociology”) in his Plan of Scientific Work Necessary for the Reorganization of Society (Comte [1824] 1998). Comte argued, in effect, that French society was sick and that to address its problems it was necessary to identify how conditions in France differed from what was normal in a society of its kind, a task that he saw as requiring the location of contemporary France within a …

Quadragesimo Anno: Schumpeter's alternative to the omnipotent state*

This article published in 1951 is Solterer's presidential address to Association for Social Economics. In it Solterer sets forth two tasks. First he shows that Schumpeterian economics is in harmony with teachings of Catholic church. Second he calls attention to some methods for furthering social in workplace. As to first, Solterer points to Schumpeter's embrace of vocational group ideas set forth in 1931 papal encyclical Quadragesimo as viable alternative to collective state in face of decomposition of market system in Great Depression. Schumpeter warns, however, that vocational group system calls for new sense of social responsibility. As to second task, Solterer advocates in particular profit sharing as way to reconcile differences between labor and management and to encourage industrial peace. His article ends with warning economic stability is rooted not in price stability or full employment but in business enterprises wherein everyone instructed and motivated by the ways of justice shares in both good and bad fortunes of enterprise. Keywords: Schumpeter, Catholic social teaching, subsidiarity, social justice, vocational group, Quadragesimo ********** I Among great economic theorists of our generation, only Joseph Alois Schumpeter explicitly recognized that a reorganization of society along lines of Quadragesima Anno is practical alternative to march into centralist socialism an alternative to development of an omnipotent, bureaucratic state (Schumpeter 1950). It is true that others have arrived at essentially similar conclusions, as for example Professor J. M. Clark with his formula of responsible individuals in responsible groups, but these others give no indication of familiarity with Catholic social philosophy. I shall not concern myself on this occasion with Schumpeter's prognosis of future. His reasons for believing that economic control--the making of decisions will continue to be transferred from private individuals and privately owned firms to public authority are well known. So also is his realization that such development of bureaucratic control is not at all inconsistent with labor capitalism, standing between syndicalism on one hand and new feudalism on other. In common with others, Schumpeter saw that general inflation would be instrument by which new order would come to pass although inflation would be engendered by policies having quite different intentions. In forecasting future, Schumpter predicted that reorganization of society along non-socialist lines is not unlikely alternative in Catholic countries, or in countries where position of Church is sufficiently strong. II My main concern this morning is not with such matters of forecasting most likely future form of society. In keeping with purposes of our Association, I shall rather turn to an examination of Schumpeter's work with respect to relation between ethics and economics. As you all realize, this is very difficult field. There is always dangerous temptation to deny validity either to ethics or to economics, and thus to fall into error of pan-economics--the denial that moral law is involved in economic relations at all; or on other hand (and may I observe that this is more common error among Catholics), to fall into error of pan-ethics, to assert that there is no economic Pius XI warned us against both these errors when he wrote in Quadragesima Anno, ([section]41), the Church can in no wise renounce duty which God entrusted to her authority, not of course in matters of technique for which she is neither suitably equipped nor endowed by office, but in all things that are connected with moral law. This morning I propose to show that Professor Schumpeter's view of relationship between economics and ethics is in harmony with Catholic teaching. …

Breaking the Spell of the Baron de Tott: Reframing the Question of Military Reform in the Ottoman Empire, 1760–1830

of the persistent and unanswered questions in the 'West against the Rest' debate embedded in recent world histories asks why the rest, including the Ottomans, did not keep up with Europe.1 Why did the Ottomans not adopt Western technology, for which one is to read weapons, or clocks, when their own military systems began to fail them so badly after 1700? However unsatisfactory, there are now several alternatives to the stereotypes of religious obscurantism, conservatism, and backwardness most often proffered as the primary cause of the Ottomans' ineptitude.2 Assumptions about the role of culture, in particular religion, in the military context, and the sources we choose as evidence when analysing the reorganization of society, often prove inadequate to explain Ottoman history. This article on the influence of sources and the debate on the relationship between reform and technology argues for multiple causality, and privileges the role of technical exchanges, or 'conversations',3 over the hierarchy of knowledge and power embedded in Enlightenment debates about Ottoman civilization which persist to the present. The period under consideration, 1760-1830, covers the transformation of the Ottoman ancien regime during the reigns of Mustafa III (1757-74), Abdulhamit I (1774-89), Selim HI (1789-1807), and Mahmud II (1808-39), the last considered to be the architect of nineteenth-century Ottoman

Marx, l'État moderne et la sociologie de l'État

Antoine Artous, The Modern State and Theories of the State Contrary to Weber, Marx did not construct a systematic theory of the modern state. However, contemporary sociologists would do well to reread Marx in order to understand how its creation involves the reorganization of society. The modern state is a form of political power which is radically different from precapitalist forms, including the French ancien regime. Nevertheless, the various writings of Marx pertaining to the states must read with discrimination.

The Politics of Territory and Place in Post-apartheid South Africa: the Disputed Area of Bushbuckridge

The new-found democracy in post-apartheid South Africa was bound to confront the legacies of apartheid, one of which was the segregated spaces designed to foster a separate existence of different officially defined racial and ethnic groups. As apartheid came to an end and a negotiated settlement ensued in 1992, attention was paid to the reorganisation of society and its spaces in line with the vision of a non-racial democratic South Africa. Attempts to reorganise the apartheid territorial divisions by means of new boundaries created some new problems. This paper analyses the provincial boundary dispute between Mpumalanga and Northern Province over Bushbuckridge which began in 1993 and remained unresolved at the end of 1998. It argues that the dispute is not only about the boundary in question but also about opportunities and constraints offered by the process of transformation. The Bushbuckridge boundary dispute became more pronounced after the 1994 national election, although the problem itself pre-dated the election. Its later complications can be primarily laid at the door of the African National Congress, as the leading player in the post-apartheid government.