Rental Payments Research Articles

Analisis Rasio Likuiditas, Solvabilitas, dan Profitabilitas PT. Garuda Indonesia Persero Tbk Sebelum dan Setelah Penerapan PSAK 73

Leasing is an agreement between the lessor (leasing company) and the lessee (customer) in which the lessor provides goods with the right to use by the lessee in exchange for rental payments for a certain period. PSAK 73, which was established in 2020, regulates the recognition, measurement, presentation and spread of rent, especially for lessee. PSAK 73 only allows lessees to classify leases as finance leases so that assets and liabilities from lease transactions are recognized in the statement of financial position, with offers for short-term leases and leases with low-based assets. The aim of this research is to find out how the implementation of PSAK 73 regarding rent has an impact on the financial performance of PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. This research uses financial ratio analysis Current Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Return On Asset Ratio

Factors Influencing Consumers’ Resistance Towards Property Rental Payments In Proptech Apps

This study investigates the reasons behind resistance to using the payment functionalities of proptech apps among users who have adopted the search features but not the payment feature. To explore this, the study employs Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT), mixed with variables from UTAUT2. Previous research showed that various barriers can influence user resistance to app payments. A mixed-methods approach is used in this research, combining qualitative preliminary testing and quantitative main testing. The study adopts convenience sampling to gather data. Data were collected through questionnaire and analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis in SPSS 27.0. The findings reveal that three main barriers—Risk, Tradition, and Image—significantly influence users from making payments through proptech apps. The Risk Barrier pertains to concerns over security and privacy. The Tradition Barrier involves users' preference for conventional method ways over alternatives. The Image Barrier relates to the perception of the app's reputation and trustworthiness. Future research recommendation include conducting discriminant analysis to compare non-adopters of proptech app payments distinct groups, incorporate demographic elements such as age, income, and gender as moderating variables and including additional independent variables that can expand the research scope. This study contributes to the existing literature by addressing user resistance to increase the adoption of digital payment functionalities in proptech applications. The findings can help app developers and marketers design better strategies to overcome these barriers and promote wider acceptance of proptech app payments.

More than one way to peel an orange : A fresh approach to building an effective lease administration function

This paper explores the evolving landscape of lease administration, prompted by shifts in labour markets, growing complexities of financial reporting for lease agreements and the emergence of robust lease management technology. Lease administration emerges as a critical business function, with a focus on managing lease data, ensuring accurate rent payments and navigating compliance and landlord relationships, while providing realtime reporting capability for business stakeholders. In addition, lease administrators transition from labour-intensive manual processes to a more analytical and technical approach. Given the altered environment in lease management requirements, tools and skill sets, now is an ideal juncture for companies to assess their current lease administration operating model, and the paper introduces a perfect assessment tool. The Lease Administration Framework, a proactive lease administration management system, highlights strategies and decisions for managing a company’s real estate portfolio while considering the use of in-house teams and outsourced service providers. The paper advocates for a tailored approach to be aligned with organisational needs, while emphasising the importance of evaluating talent, technology and risk tolerance in the decision-making process. By following the framework, corporate real estate (CRE) leaders can ensure financial prudence, gain the agility to allocate resources strategically, invest in growth initiatives and weather economic uncertainties.

Optimization of Methods for Rent Assessment of Land Parcels with the Permitted Use for Improvement

The paper deals with the comprehensive study of calculation methods and the author’s methodology for adjusting the amount of rental payments for land parcels in state ownership with the permitted use for improvement using the case of Irkutsk city. The paper is focused on the urgent problem of compliance with established principles for determination of rent for land parcels, especially the principles of predictability of calculations, prevention of deterioration in the economic condition of land users and support of socially significant activities. A study of domestic and foreign practice has revealed two main problems in calculation of land rent: the adequacy of the cadastral value of land, mainly due to taking into account the maximum number of relevant factors, and the correctness of adjustment factors to this value when determining the rental rate. Using Irkutsk city as an example, the following shortcomings were found in the existing approaches: inaccuracy of the calculations and fixed coefficients and percentages applied to the calculation of rent within the municipality, regardless of the forms of permitted use. Special attention is paid to areas intended for improvement. These areas cannot be classified as investment assets that bring economic benefits. It is proposed to individualize the determination of adjustment factors to the cadastral value, taking into account the cadastral quarter and the type of permitted use. The developed changes comply with the principles for determination of rent enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The proposed methodological improvements were tested by comparison of actual and estimated rent receipts to the budget of Irkutsk city in 2023. The application of the proposed methodology will prevent the termination of land lease agreements due to unreasonably inflated rent costs, ensuring a balance of public and private interests.

In Debt but Still Happy? Homeownership and the Satisfactions with Housing and Life

We investigate the relationship between homeownership and life as well as housing satisfaction. Following several studies, we confirm the positive relationship between housing satisfaction and homeownership using panel data from Germany. Contrary to most of the literature, we find no positive significant effects of a home purchase on life satisfaction in the long-term. Analyzing short-term effects in an event-study design, we show that both life and housing satisfaction anticipate the acquisition and adapt shortly after. Debt-free buyers, however, do not experience anticipation or adaptation effects at all. Comparing outright homebuyers to debt-financing owners, we show that having a real estate loan affects homeowners’ life satisfaction negatively. The larger the mortgage burden relative to the household income and the last rent paid, the larger is the negative effect on life satisfaction. We conclude that the mortgage burden of a home purchase can offset the positive effect of homeownership.

Disclosure of information on cash flow in accounting (financial) statements

The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, as the state regulator of accounting, annually discloses new aspects of improving the Cash Flow Statement included in the accounting (financial) statements, including by issuing annual recommendations to auditors and audit organizations on verifying the reliability of annual statements. Further recommendations were formulated for reporting for 2023. In the cash flows reflected in the cash flow statements, tax payment flows must be clearly separated, including separately cash flow for the payment of income tax and all other taxes, tax payment flows by the reporting company as a tax agent. Special requirements are established for the disclosure of information on rental payments from the tenant and the landlord. The non-governmental accounting regulator “Accounting Methodological Center” also in its Recommendations sets out its position on the reflection of cash flows for the payment of value added tax by the reporting organization. When conducting research, we used such methods as analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping method, analogy method, logical approach, systematic approach. As a result of the conducted research, this article, in particular, presents generalized requirements for the formation of information on cash flows for current (operating), investment and financial activities of reporting organizations. In addition, in this paper, proposals are made to improve the accounting standard for the formation of cash flow statements. The results of this study will be of interest to a wide range of readers studying various problems of modern Russian and foreign accounting, and can also be used in the educational process of higher educational institutions.

Triple-net leased property portfolios and operational efficiency: Evidence from the U.S. REIT market

Triple-net leases are legal agreements by which tenants, beyond rent payments, are responsible for operating expenses such as real estate taxes, insurance, and maintenance costs. We examine the relative operational efficiency of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) holding property portfolios consisting of majority triple-net leases. Results suggest REIT holding triple-net leased portfolios are more operationally efficient than their counterparts. Our results suggest that selecting proper lease expense provisions specifying who carries the obligation of operating expenses is a determining factor of REIT operational efficiency.

Information and methodological provision of statistical analysis of the intensity of subsoil use in Ukraine in accordance with the goals of sustainable development in the pre-war and war period

It has been established that the information base for the statistical analysis of the intensity of subsoil use is aggregated statistical information based on individual statistical data contained in the Tax Declaration on rent payments with its annexes. An analysis of the structure of tax revenues of rent payments to local budgets by region of Ukraine for 2021 was carried out. It was found that Dnipropetrovsk region has the largest share of rent payments as tax revenue of local budgets, and Odesa region has the lowest. Regions were grouped according to the components of the rent in terms of natural resources. Zhytomyr region is the leader in terms of tax revenue from rent for the use of forest resources, Zaporizhia region for water resources, Poltava region for national importance, and Kyiv region for subsoil of local importance. The distribution of regions according to the amount of rent for the use of subsoil of national and local importance is given. It was found that the vast majority of local budgets have a predominance of the amount of rent received for the use of subsoil of national importance over local ones, except for Kyiv, Ternopil and Chernivtsi regions. The regions of Ukraine were grouped by specialization in subsoil use based on the local budgets of each region for 2021. Ten regions specialize in the use of subsoil of national significance. Nine regions have the highest share of tax revenues from rent for the use of forest resources. Four regions have specialization in the use of water resources. Subsoil of local importance is a priority natural resource for the Ternopil region. An assessment of the profitability of mining enterprises among all enterprises of the extractive industry and the development of quarries by region during the period of martial law was carried out. It was found that in most regions of Ukraine in 2022, more than half of the mining enterprises were unprofitable.

Rent My Stuff

This research introduces "Rent My Stuff," a novel e-commerce platform designed to address the underutilization of expensive items by enabling peer-to-peer item rental. In contemporary consumer culture, numerous products incur significant costs but experience limited personal use. "Rent My Stuff" provides a solution by allowing users to upload items for short-term leasing, catering to individuals who cannot afford to purchase items for infrequent use. The platform differentiates itself from traditional online marketplaces by focusing on the temporary lease of items rather than outright ownership. The user-friendly interface facilitates the easy upload of items, requiring essential lessor information such as address proof and location. User authentication through login allows for the addition of multiple products and personal details, enhancing the platform's versatility. Safety considerations are paramount, leading to the inclusion of a rent payment feature. This feature ensures accountability between lessors and lessees, contributing to a secure and transparent transaction environment. The underlying database, implemented in PHP, securely stores product information and user data. An analysis of existing systems reveals a gap in the market, with current applications primarily supporting the buying and selling of used items but lacking features for short-term item leasing. The proposed system aims to bridge this gap by providing a technology-oriented, cost-effective, scalable, and robust solution for renting items to users. The project follows the Spiral Model of Software Development, incorporating communication, planning, modelling, construction (coding and testing), and deployment phases. Modules include user authentication (login and sign- up), a map feature for contacting developers, and a checkout module for payment and finalizing the lease. Key Words: E-commerce, Online marketplace, Item rental, Sharing economy, Product leasing, Platform for renting

Application of marketing tools in agricultural land market

Goal – the issues of development of agricultural land market are considered, since this specific type of operation with land plots requires the use of marketing tools that are more adapted to modern conditions. Methods – during the research, comparative method was used, on the basis of which the state of agricultural land was analyzed using the example of the Akmola region; statistical – based on the use of statistical data on supply and demand for land for agriculture. Results – it was determined that formation and expansion of the land market is one of the most important directions of land policy in Kazakhstan. It has been revealed that land resources occupy a special place in the system of socio-economic categories. An analysis of agricultural lands was carried out, which is associated with their special significance as the most important production potential in agricultural sector. Marketing concepts– as one of the ways to develop land market are shown. It is substantiated that the main type of payment for land is currently rent, since the bulk of agricultural land (98%) is leased. Conclusions – the main provisions obtained during the study can be used as information and analytical material for developing a methodology for calculating rental payments by determining criteria for improving the consumer properties of agricultural land. The pricing process requires new approaches, in particular, the existing methodology for calculating rent on agricultural land is outdated and needs to be improved, which will help stabilize and expand the volume of agricultural production, increase the intensity and efficiency of management.

Does temporary land retirement promote organic adoption? Evidence from the Conservation Reserve Program

AbstractThe Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) allows agricultural producers to temporarily remove environmentally sensitive farmland from production in exchange for a yearly rental payment. While enrolled in the CRP, land typically complies with standards for organic certification, which prohibit the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers for three years prior to harvest. In this paper, we study the extent to which recent participation in the CRP promotes organic certification. We do so by estimating the relationship between exiting CRP contracts and new organic certifications at the county level over the years 2011–2020. Our primary results are based on an instrumental variables estimator, where we use the number of expiring CRP contracts as an instrument for endogenous net‐exiting CRP contracts. We find that the exit of land from the CRP leads to increases in organic adoption, and estimate a 0.029% increase in new organic operations in response to a 1% increase in net‐exiting CRP contracts. By highlighting this important co‐effect of the CRP, our analysis contributes to contemporary discussions exploring the long‐term linkages between land conservation policies, organic agriculture, and other conservation practices.

Women entrepreneurs and government neglect in the face of Covid-19: resilience of social cadets through online commercial innovation

One of the major social transformations brought about by Covid-19 in Cameroon with the internet tool is the development of e-shop commercial activities. At the center of this movement are women whose socio-economic profiles show that they are in a situation of financial vulnerability. The areas of commercial intervention of these women range from the clothing industry to the food industry, including cosmetics, catering and natural health products. If their motivations are part of a dynamic of personal development which is linked to their career paths, most of these women make digital platforms spaces of economic profitability to escape their precarious state. Relying on a network of wholesale suppliers based in China, Turkey or in large shopping centers in the cities of Yaoundé and Douala, the sellers participate in the dematerialization of sales spaces for their digitalization. This is explained by the numerous advantages offered by the phenomenon: the payment of rent which replaces payment of the internet package for various transactions. This form of utilitarian accumulation of digital capital provides information not only on the socio-economic transformation of Cameroon by social cadets but also on the meaning of the relationships between these online sellers, their customers and their suppliers and the patriarchal structure of the social system. The aim of this work is to understand, beyond a precarious environment, the capacity of women entrepreneurs in the unstructured economy sector to overcome the changes brought about by Covid-19. To do this, the analytical approach is structuralist, it relies on a network of symbolic relationships which would make possible the political analysis of the position of women in Cameroon, the crisis situation and their empowerment.

Credit access and housing insecurity: Evidence from winter utility shutoff protections

Fifty-six percent of urban renters face some level of housing insecurity. I explore the role of credit access, or lack thereof, as a contributing factor. To do so, I study a temporary line of credit extended to households in the form of protection from heat shutoffs during the winter. These protections allow households to delay winter energy payments without risk of losing their heat. I adopt a triple difference-in-differences (DDD) approach, leveraging variation in states’ shutoff protection dates and census tracts’ average energy burdens. I estimate that the temporary extension of credit reduces the eviction filing rate by 4% in census tracts with high energy burdens. I provide suggestive evidence that eviction filings do not spike after the temporary credit access ends, implying a net negative effect of temporary credit access on filings over the entire year. I further demonstrate that a 3% increase in rental payments explains the decline in eviction filings, which is consistent with access to credit allowing renters to smooth consumption.

Treatment of the rent payments in the value-added statement after CPC 06 (R2): an empirical-reflective analysis

Purpose: This article aimed to analyze the effects of CPC 06 (R2) – Leases adoption on the rents line of the Value-Added Statement (VAS) and on the percentage of value-added distributed as rents.
 Methodology: The approach of this paper is quantitative, and the data collection method is documental. The sample is composed by merchants listed on B3. Analysis of variations and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied on the VAS rent line and on the percentage of value-added distributed as rents of these companies in the three-year period after (2019-2021) and before (2016-2018) the CPC 06 (R2) adoption.
 Results: It was identified that, after the CPC 06 (R2) adoption, there was a significant reduction in the values of the VAS rent line and in the percentage of value-added distributed as rents of the sample companies. This occurred because companies have been allocating payments of the same economic nature (compensation to third parties for the use of their capital) in three different lines in the VAS, namely rent, depreciation and interest. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated statistically significant differences in the average value of the VAS rents line and in the average percentage of value-added distributed as rents in the three-year period after the implementation of CPC 06 (R2) compared to the previous three-year period.
 Contributions of the Study: The paper contributes to the literature about leases and VAS, being pioneer in the analysis of the effects of leases on this statement after the CPC 06 (R2) adoption. It also helps users of accounting information to understand the effects of leases on the VAS and properly interpret the lines affected by CPC 06 (R2). Finally, it contributes to regulatory authorities, because indicates a potential need to revise the VAS standard.

Taxes and Customs Duties as Instruments for Extracting Oil Rent into the State Budget: The Case of Russia

For countries focused on the extraction and processing of natural resources, including Russia, a crucial task is to ensure the rational extraction and distribution of natural rent. The tax model applied to natural rent should facilitate its optimal allocation to the budget without undermining the motivation of resource users to invest. This study seeks to gauge the extent of oil rent extraction into the Russian budget and suggest strategies to enhance the efficacy of redistributing oil rent to the state budget. Our hypothesis proposes that export customs duties, compared to the mineral extraction tax, prove more effective in achieving the desired redistribution from resource users to the budget. To assess the extent of oil rent extraction, we devised a methodology based on calculating the oil rent generated in Russia. This method involves measuring the difference between the income generated by the oil industry and the total expenses incurred by oil sector companies. Our analysis reveals that, from 2005 to 2022, up to 87% of the oil rent generated in Russia was extracted through rent payments to the state budget. However, in recent years, the degree of oil rent extraction has decreased to 56%. This decline can be attributed to the tax maneuver initiated in Russia since 2015, entailing a reduction and eventual elimination of export customs duties, coupled with an increase in the mineral extraction tax rate. Our results indicate a diminishing effectiveness of rent-based taxation in Russia due to the reduced fiscal significance of rent payments. Furthermore, their regulatory function, designed to incentivize taxpayers for investment contributions, has weakened. These findings offer valuable insights for shaping fiscal policies and lay the groundwork for further research in this domain.

ГРАНТИ ПРОГРАМИ «ВЛАСНА СПРАВА» ДЛЯ ПІДТРИМКИ МІКРОПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article examines the possibilities of government grant assistance. The program is "eRobota", namely its component "Own business". It is emphasized that it is focused on micro and small business for its expansion and strengthening, but its grants can also be received by individuals who do not yet have a business, but plan to become an entrepreneur and implement their business ideas. It is noted that any business is the focus of the Program, but there are a number of activities that cannot be supported by a grant, such as: production and sale of weapons, alcoholic beverages, tobacco products, currency exchange, insurance activities, etc. It is noted that the amount of grant funding can reach UAH 250,000 both for individuals and legal entities, as well as for those who are not yet entrepreneurs. The main conditions for obtaining a grant were demonstrated: to create 1–2 jobs, to carry out activities for at least 3 years, to use funds in accordance with the directions provided in the business plan, to pay the necessary taxes and fees to the budget. The list for which the grant funds can be directed is outlined: the purchase of furniture, equipment, raw materials, licensed software, domestic animals and poultry, perennial plantings, seedlings, seed material, materials, goods and services; payment of rent for the use of non-residential premises, a plot of land, which will be used for commercial and industrial purposes, as well as equipment rental and leasing; use of the rights of other business entities in business activities (commercial concession); procurement of marketing and advertising services. It is emphasized that a good business reputation of the applicant is extremely important for receiving a grant. A number of recommendations have been developed to help applicants successfully pass all stages of competitive selection, namely: business reputation check, business plan assessment and interview at the regional employment center. It is concluded that the "Own business" program is relevant for Ukraine as an effective mechanism for stimulating entrepreneurship in the context of maintaining and strengthening the economy in wartime conditions. The socio-economic effect of the implementation of this program is considerable, namely: creation of new jobs and replenishment of the state budget. It was emphasized that, provided that the applicants comply with all the eligibility criteria of the Program and develop a business plan according to the recommendations, the applications have a high chance of being highly evaluated by the tender commission, which makes a decision on providing financing to the projects.

Predicting homelessness: Housing risk insights from latent class analysis.

Millions of families with children in the U.S. struggle to afford adequate housing. Housing cost burden places families at risk for homelessness, and prevention efforts are hindered by limited understanding of insecure housing experiences at the margins. The present study investigated variation in housing insecurity experiences in a sample of mothers, as well as which risk profiles were most strongly associated with subsequent homelessness. Latent class analysis identified four distinct subgroups of housing insecurity: "Stable," "Unstable," "Rent-Focused," and "Strategic Bill-Paying." Classes differed on whether they made rent or utility payments on time, experienced utility shutoffs, or were evicted. Mothers who missed rent payments were significantly more likely to experience subsequent homelessness, whereas those who prioritized rent were more likely to have their utilities shut off but remain housed. Policy efforts should emphasize increased wages, rent control, changes to zoning laws and tax codes to prioritize affordable housing, and benefits that help mothers maintain their incomes such as comprehensive healthcare, paid maternity leave, and subsidized childcare.

The Challenges of University Strikes on Students: A Case Study from Madagascar

Achieving higher education in Madagascar is a challenge given the various barriers students must overcome to gain admission into university. However, once enrolled, students often face additional challenges that affect their ability to obtain education. One such challenge is the frequent occurrence of labor strikes at the university. Using a qulatiative approach, this study conducted a survey among alumni and current university students in Madagascar to investigate the perceived causes and consequences of university strikes in Madagascar. The findings from the survey (N=31) showed that all students have experienced delays in their education program ranging from 1-6 months and that strikes were the primary cause of these delays. Governmental lapses in salary payments and scholarship disbursements were identified as the primary catalysts for these disruptive strikes. Despite expressing frustration with the strikes, students directed their discontent primarily at a national level, underscoring a more extensive disillusionment with the government's management of the education sector. Notably, students affirmed their belief in the genuine dedication of their teachers to their education. The study unveils the emotional and financial toll of university strikes, with participants reporting anxiety, frustration, and concerns about education quality. Financially, the strikes compound challenges, affecting job market entry, rent payments, family dynamics, and overall education costs. Alarmingly, there was a consensus among participants that university strikes have led to student disenrollment. These findings serve as a crucial warning for Madagascar, signalling potential erosion of trust in the education system. If students lose faith, there is a risk of reduced educational pursuit or even international migration, contributing to increased brain drain. This poses serious implications for the holistic development and progress of Madagascar. Urgent interventions are imperative to address the root causes of university strikes, restore confidence in the education system, and mitigate the far-reaching consequences on the nation's future

Jual Beli Kredit Tanah Perkebunan Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ah di Kabupaten Kubu Raya

This research aims to determine the law of buying and selling credit for plantation land from the perspective of sharia economic law in Kubu Raya Regency. With a sub-focus covering the Implementation and Procedures for Buying and Selling Plantation Land Credit. This research is sharia economic law research (normative-empirical research), using a prescriptive descriptive qualitative approach. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of the sale and purchase of credit for plantation land is carried out privately without being witnessed by a land deed making official (PPAT), according to sharia economic law, the implementation of this transaction is permitted and the procedure for buying and selling credit for plantation land partially complies with the provisions in sharia economic law. However, there are several procedures that are not in accordance with sharia economic law, namely, the credit period is not clearly determined, delays in the handover of credit sale and purchase objects, and requests for rental payments by sellers to buyers for the use of plantation land which is, in essence, based on credit transactions. Plantation land that has been owned by both parties has become the right of the buyer

Перспективи впровадження безумовного базового доходу в Україні

The article reveals the role of unconditional basic income (UBI) as an innovative tool for the development of the national economy. Based on the analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, its advantages and disadvantages are determined. According to its supporters, the advantages of UBI include: transparency, efficiency, poverty reduction, positive impact on economic growth. Among the shortcomings, the following can be distinguished: high cost, probable loss of motivation by citizens to work, impossibility to eliminate the fundamental causes of inequality with the help of UBI. Examples of the implementation of UBI in developed, developing countries, and countries with emerging markets are given. The current socio-economic situation in Ukraine is characterized, taking into account the influence of endogenous and exogenous negative factors, the consequences of the full-scale Russian invasion, in particular the loss of territories with significant deposits of natural resources and powerful industrial potential, mass migration of the population, etc. Our state is currently unable to use its powerful economic potential. An analysis of the expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine for 2023 on social protection and pension provision of the population was carried out. It is proposed to introduce the UBI in Ukraine as a reliable tool of social protection with the use of international aid funds (during martial law) and rent payments as sources of its payment. It is concluded that the payment of UBI will increase the level of trust in the state and reduce corruption, as citizens will have less need to receive additional income outside the tax system and state support programs.