Rent Restrictions Research Articles

In Memoriam of Edwin Samuel Jones (1940–2021)

In Memoriam of Edwin Samuel Jones (1940–2021) Trevor Munroe Professor Edwin Samuel Jones, Ed, as he was affectionately called by faculty and by associates alike, was my very dear friend and deeply admired colleague for over 50 years. Ed’s earliest engagement with the university world over a half century ago was indicative of the distinguished career that was to unfold over the next few decades. First as a teaching assistant in the late ’60s and then a lecturer in public administration, Ed was regarded even in those early years as erudite in preparation and presentation but, as well, inspiring and encouraging, as one of his early students remembers him. But even in those initial years, it was becoming evident that the beloved lecture room and the university’s library could not confine his contribution. Click for larger view View full resolution Professor Edwin Samuel Jones In 1972, not fully two years after being awarded his doctorate from the University of Manchester, Ed served as the consultant to the International Labor Organization on Caribbean Industrial Relations Systems; his first academic article was equally indicative, “The Role of Statutory Boards in the Political Process in Jamaica” and his very first public appointment was as special advisor to the minister of housing in 1974, on the Rent Restriction and Housing Policy. Clearly, from these early years, the seeds were germinating of a quintessential Caribbean public scholar, not an academic confined to an ‘ivory tower,’ but one whose vision was of innovative teaching, transformational policy-relevant [End Page 167] research and sustained engagement with the policy community—at ministerial and grassroots levels—at home and abroad, in the field of development administration. This mission of path-breaking scholarships in the service of transformation over the next decades led Ed to professorships at the University of the West Indies and at the Mico University, the headship of the Department of Government and Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences, to visiting appointments at academic institutions in the United States and United Kingdom; to distinguished service on private as well on public-sector boards and in offices dealing with reform; reform of the police, of local government and of the public sector as a whole. In that last regard, Professor Jones, while a member of the Faculty of Social Sciences, gave over 20 years’ outstanding service on Jamaica’s Public Service Commission, seeking at all times to advance the modernization of the public sector. In the course of this wide range of engagements, he sought to extract academically relevant lessons at the same time as to apply research embodied in his many publications, four books, over 50 refereed articles and more than a score of official reports for governments across the region, aimed at transforming public administration to the benefit of the Caribbean people. At the same time, hundreds of undergraduates, scores of diplomas, masters and doctoral students benefited from his teaching and supervision over the years. So did ministers of governments—of local government, tourism, labour, housing—, not to mention prime ministers who appointed him to and benefited from his positions as special advisor. Additionally, a range of organizations drew on his consultancy services—including the Commonwealth Secretariat, the Organization of American States, the Caribbean Centre for Development Administration and the United Nations Development Programme. Unassuming character Edwin Samuel more than deserved the accolades he received, from the Vice Chancellor’s Award for Excellence to the Mico Gold Medal, to Jamaica’s fourth highest honor, the Order of Jamaica. But none of this, as we would say in Jamaican, “flew to Edwin’s head.” He kept his own special unassuming, distinct character; maintaining balance in the sharp debates among faculty between extremes in the ’70s and ’80s, always well put together and a picture of sartorial elegance on formal occasions. Edwin was also an individual of great discipline and much courage, never succumbing to illness, but diligently pursuing his exercise program to strengthen legs and limbs struck by debilitating illness. Most of all, we [End Page 168] remember Edwin, along with Maria his beloved wife, as the perfect host at home, entertaining friends and guests with exquisite cuisine and taste but with...

Understanding Whom the LIHTC Program Serves: Tenants in LIHTC Units as of December 31, 2012

The Low­-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) Program provides tax credits to developers of affordable rental housing. The tax credits are provided during the first 10 years of a minimum 30-year compliance period during which rent and income restrictions apply. The LIHTC Program, although established in the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (IRC), is structured such that state-allocating agencies administer most aspects of the program, including income and rent compliance, with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) providing oversight and guidance. Local administration allows states to address affordable housing needs specific to their populations.

Affordability After Subsidies: Understanding the Trajectories of Former Assisted Housing in Florida

Each year, thousands of units are lost from the assisted rental housing inventory through deterioration and default, subsidy expiration, and market-rate conversion. While a good deal of research and data collection has focused on identifying at-risk developments, less is known about what happens to former assisted developments after they exit income and rent restrictions. This article uses a survey of former assisted properties in Florida to identify their postsubsidy trajectories—that is, as to whether developments continue as rental housing, are converted to condominiums, or leave the housing stock through vacancy and demolition; and for those that continue as rental housing, whether they continue to offer affordable rents. Using logistic regression models, the article examines the property, housing market, and neighborhood characteristics that determine these trajectories. The results show that smaller properties, those that have been out of subsidy programs longer, and those in stronger neighborhood housing markets are more likely to be converted to condominiums. Among developments that continue as rental housing, those that previously had more stringent rent restrictions, those in strong rental submarkets, and those with better transit access tend to become unaffordable compared with previous rent limits.

After year 15: Challenges to the preservation of housing financed with low‐income housing tax credits

The Low‐Income Housing Tax Credit, the nation's largest subsidy program for low‐income rental housing, has financed more than 1.4 million housing units since 1987. Like earlier federal programs that subsidized housing built by private owners, this program does not guarantee indefinite occupancy by low‐income households. This article examines the likelihood that tax credit housing will convert to market‐rate occupancy and the challenges confronting the long‐term physical viability of the housing if it is to remain affordable. The biggest threat to the long‐term viability of tax credit housing as a resource for low‐income households stems less from the expiration of income and/or rent restrictions and more from the need for major capital improvements. A relatively small segment of the inventory is likely to convert to market‐rate occupancy. Far more of this housing will continue to serve low‐income households but will need assistance to pay for essential renovations.

Young People, Housing Benefit and the Risk Society

This paper draws on debates about the risk society to examine the impact of the “single room rent”, a restriction in the housing benefit scheme that applies to single people under 25 living in privately rented housing. Drawing on qualitative interviews in six localities in England, the paper examines young people’s ability to gain access to and afford privately rented accommodation while receiving housing benefit. It argues that the single room rent restriction has not only cut their housing benefit entitlement but also created more uncertainty for young people. Consequently, it has enhanced rather than ameliorated the risks faced by young people on low incomes in the private rental housing market.

Rent Control and Virtual Prices: A Case Study for Interwar Belgium

After World War I rent control became a cornerstone of housing policy in many European countries, resulting in quantity constraints on the demand for housing. The theory on complete demand systems provides a framework for analyzing the effects of these policies on consumption. As a test case, a demand model is estimated to calculate virtual rent prices for interwar Belgium. The results are well in line with historical evidence, providing insight into the extent of rationing Simulations with the demand model show that the severe rent restrictions especially favored expenditures on food.

Rent Control and Virtual Prices: A Case Study for Interwar Belgium

After World War I rent control became a cornerstone of housing policy in many European countries, resulting in quantity constraints on the demand for housing. The theory on complete demand systems provides a framework for analyzing the effects of these policies on consumption. As a test case, a demand model is estimated to calculate virtual rent prices for interwar Belgium. The results are well in line with historical evidence, providing insight into the extent of rationing Simulations with the demand model show that the severe rent restrictions especially favored expenditures on food.

Rent Control Legislation and the National Housing Corporation in Tanzania, 1985–1990

Many countries use rent control as an important tool of housing policy. While in some countries rent control does not apply to publicly owned estates, in others, including Tanzania, it does. This article considers the efforts of the Tanzanian National Housing Corporation (NHC) to charge higher rents within the aegis of Tanzania's rent control machinery, soon after the implementation of the 1984 Rent Restriction Act.' The article begins by presenting an overview of the shelter problem in Third World countries, and then considers some aspects of Tanzania's economic situation, focusing on national economic problems since the mid 1970s. Tanzania's experience in shelter provision is discussed and compared to some African and other countries. The evolution of rent control legislation in Tanzania is presented next, followed by the history and achievements of the NHC. A case for higher rents for NHC properties is argued, and NHC's efforts to obtain these are discussed. The article concludes that the NHC's contribution to the nation's housing stock is likely to remain limited, in comparison to self help housing. The NHC, however, is an important national political symbol, whose search for higher rents is both a strategy for survival and a means to carve for itself a new identity.

The Constitutionality of Rent Control Restrictions on Property Owners' Dominion Interests

The Constitutionality of Rent Control Restrictions on Property Owners' Dominion Interests

Wages Councils Destroy Jobs

Failure to understand the price mechanism has produced tragic social policies: rent restriction has deprived students and others of furnished rooms; the ‘free’ NHS has depressed expenditure on medical care. And sociologist Professor Marsland argues that minimum wages make the poor poorer.

The Euthanasia of the Renter

Since housing, distorted by council provision and rent regulation, is very difficult to find, unemployed workers stay at home rather than move to areas where they might find jobs. Rent restriction thus increases unemployment as well as homelessness, but there was little in the Conservative manifesto to show that the new Thatcher administration will do anything more than acknowledge the problem.

Sudan Law Journal and Reports. 1967. Apart from extensive law reports, this Volume contains the following articles: “The future of the English law in the Sudan” (G. A. Lufti); “The Rent Restriction Ordinance, 1953, s. 10A as amended 1958” (M. T. A. Samra); “A few thoughts on hire-purchase law: with special reference to the Sudan” (M. L. Marasinghe); and “An

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Sonnino v. Cambise

Treaties — Peace Treaties — Operation of — Interpretation of — Restoration “free of encumbrances” — Whether Applying to Rent Restriction Legislation.

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:The Law of Torts. By Harry Street, ll.m., ph.d.They Stand Apart: A Critical Survey of the Problem of Homosexuality. Edited by Judge Tudor Rees and Harley V. Usill.Mens Rea in Statutory Offences. By J. Ll. Edwards, m.a., ll.b., ph.d.The Law of Civil Injuries. By Hamish R. Gray, Lecturer in Law, University of Nottingham.The Transfer of Chattels in the Conflict of Laws. By Pierre A. Lalive.Constitutional Law. By E. C. S. Wade, m.a., ll.d., and G. Godfrey Phillips, c.b.e., m.a., ll.m. Fifth edition by E. C. S. Wade.Scrutton on Charterparties and Bills of Lading. Sixteenth edition. By Sir W. L. McNair and Alan A. Mocatta., q.c.Lowndes & Rudolf on General Average and the York‐Antwerp Rules. Eighth edition by J. F. Donaldson, Barrister‐at‐Law, and C. T. Ellis, Average Adjuster.The Law. By J. Leigh Mellor.International Court of Justice Yearbook, 1954–1955.The Solicitor' s Guide to Development and Planning. By R. N. D. Hamilton. Second edition.An Outline of Planning Law. By Desmond Heap. Second edition. [London: Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd. 1955. xxxvi and 203 and 5 pp. 25s. net.]The Town and Country Planning Act, 1954. By Desmond Heap. [London: Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd. 1955. xv and 215 and 17 pp. 30s. net.]Planning Compensation Valuations under the Town and Country Planning Act, 1954. By W. F. Oliver and K. F. Goodfellow. [London: Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd. 1955. xv and 308 and 18 pp. 37s. 6d. net.]The Death Duties. Twelfth edition. By Robert Dymond, formerly Deputy Controller of the Estate Duty Office, and Reginald K. Johns, ll.b., of the Estate Duty Office.Estate Duty on Settled Property and Annuities. By George C. Mason, b.a.Blundell's Rent Restrictions Cases. Third edition. By Lionel A. Blundell, ll.m. and V. G. Wellings, m.a.The Rent Acts. By R. E. Megarry. Eighth edition by Ashley Bramall and Paul Baker.Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie‐Sklodowska. Section G: Ius. Vol. 1.Group Problems in Crime and Punishment. By Hermann Mannheim, Reader in Criminology, London School of Economics.Recent Periodical Literature

Landlord and Tenant—Rent Restriction—Repairs or Improvements?

Landlord and Tenant—Rent Restriction—Repairs or Improvements?

Review: Blundell's Rent Restrictions Cases

Review: Blundell's Rent Restrictions Cases

Israel: the Emergence of a Polity—Part II

ISRAEL'S LEGAL SYSTEM, in the absence of a permanent constitution, is based on five principal sources: (1) Ottoman law, which had been the law of the land before the British defeated Turkey in World War I; (2) mandate law of Palestine; (3) English law common law and equity; (4) parliamentary law enacted by Israel's Knesset; and (5) religious law, a special body of law with a separate court system prevailing in matters of marriage, divorce, alimony, burial, and, in some instances, inheritance. The bulk has been English law. In the fields of bankruptcy, bills of exchange, criminal law, court procedure, rent restrictions, and torts, almost the entire jurisprudence has been English. However, as during the mandate period, there is no trial by jury, and no judges are popularly elected. The Law and Administration Ordinance, enacted by the provisional State Council on May 19, 1948, continued the laws and courts in force under the mandate, except as changed by the new state. Sixteen magistrate's courts have jurisdiction over minor civil and light criminal cases. Three district courts, sitting in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, and Haifa, possess jurisdiction as courts of first instance in all civil matters not within the jurisdiction of the magistrate's courts and in all major criminal cases. They serve also as appellate courts for the magistrate's courts. Administratively, the judges of the magistrate's and district courts were, until August, 1953, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice, and the minister appointed and promoted them. Under an amendment to the legal code passed by the Knesset, appointments are now made by the president on the recommendation of an appointments committee; and, administratively, these judges are directly responsible to no official of the Ministry of Justice other than the minister.2 On June 24, 1948, the provisional State Council enacted the Courts Ordinance providing for the functioning of the Supreme Court of Israel, with its judges to be appointed by the provisional government on the

Housing policy and population problems in France

Summary In this paper, the author describes the housing position in France to-day, and traces the reasons for the present housing shortage, which shows itself in the large number of old houses and the comparatively low level of building activity. This is traced to the history of rent restriction which has led to an increasing divergence between the restricted and the economic rent. The history of rent-restriction legislation is traced, and post-liberation measures of housing policy—both in the field of new house building and in the grant of housing allowances—are discussed.

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Book reviewed in this article:the Reform of the Law. Edited by Professor Glanville Williams.Appeals to the Privy Council from the American Plantations. By Joseph Henry Smith.Law in the Making. By Carleton Kemp Allen, m.c., q.c. d.c.l., f.b.a., f.r.s.l., j.p.The Evolution of Law and Order. By A. S. Diamond, m.a., ll.d., Barrister‐at‐Law.Supra Crepidam. By The Rt. Hon. Lord Cooper.A Prospect of Gray's Inn. By Francis Cowper, of Gray's Inn, Barrister‐at‐Law.The Sale of Goods. By Clive M. Schmitthoff.Benjamin on Sale. Eighth Edition. By The Hon. Sir Donald Leslie Finnemore, one of Her Majesty's Judges of the Queen's Bench Division, Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, and Arthur E. James, of the Middle Temple, Barrister‐at‐Law.Nathan's Equity Through the Cases. Second Edition. By O. R. Marshall, m.a., ph.d., of the Inner Temple, Barrister‐at‐Law, Sub‐Dean of the Faculty of Laws and Lecturer in Law at University College, London.The British Penal System 1773–1950. By R. S. E. Hinde, Chaplain and Senior Tutor, Hertford College, Oxford.The Justices‘ Handbook. By J. P. Eddy, k.c.Security, Loyalty, and Science. By Walter Gellhorn.La Crise de l’Etat aux Etats‐Unis. By Roger Pinto.Cases on Private International Law. By J. H. C. Morris, d.c.l.Beitraege Zum Haager Internationalprivatrecht 1951. By Max Gutzwiller and Werner Niederer.Administrative Agencies and the Courts. By Frank E. Cooper, of the Detroit Bar, Visiting Professor of Law, University of Michigan Law School. [Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press; London: Geoffrey Cumberlege. 1951. xxv and 470 pp. 40s. net.]Abstract of Legal Preliminaries to Marriage in the United Kingdom and the other Countries of the British Commonwealth of Nations, and in the Irish Republic. By the General Register Office.Israel's Armistice Agreements with the Arab States. A Juridical Interpretation.Russia and the United States. By Pitrim A. Sorokin. Second Edition. Published under the Auspices of the London Institute of World Affairs.Handbook on Trade Marks Laws Throughout the World. By P. O. Hereward b.a., Barrister‐at‐Law.Die Rechtslehre vom Vertrauen. Privatrechtliche Untersuchungen über den Schutz des Vertrauens. By Dr. Hermann Eichler, Professor of Law at the Academy for Economic and Social Sciences, Nuremberg.The Elements of Income Tax Law. By C. N. Beattie, ll.b., Barrister‐at‐Law.Rent Restrictions. By Esther Dangerfield, Barrister‐at‐Law. “This is the Law” Series.The Nationalised Industries. Revised Second Edition. By D. N. Chester, c.b.e., Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford.The Criminal Appeal Reports. Edited by T. R. Fitzwalter Butler. Index to Volumes 1–34. Compiled by A. G. P. Pullan.The Income Tax Act, 1952. Annotated. By Miss H. G. S. Plunkett. Assisted by P. W. E. Taylor and Arthur Leolin Price. Consultant for Scots Law H. A. Shewan, o.b.e., q.c.The Indian Limitation Act (ix of 1908). Third (1952) Edition. Vol. II.Arkiv for Sjørett. Vol. I, Nos. 1 and 2. June and December, 1951. [Akademisk Forlag, Universitetet, Karl Johans gate 47, Oslo.]Revista del Instituto de Derecho Civil. Tomo 2, No. 2. [Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. 1951.]Allahabad Law Journal. Vol. L, No. 1, January, 1952.The Natural Law Institute College of Law. University of Notre Dame. Fifth Convocation. December, 1951.Boletin Instituto de Legislacion del Trabajo. [Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Nro. 4. Agosto, 1951.]The Journal of the Society of Public Teachers of Law. New series, Vol. I, No. 5. 1951. 5s. Butterworth & Co., Ltd.Law and Contemporary Problems. Vol. 17, No. 1. Winter, 1952. Institutional Investments. School of Law. Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.University of Western Australia Annual Law Review. Vol. II, No. 1. December, 1951.Current Legal Problems, 1951. Edited by George W. Keeton and Georg Schwarzenberger on behalf of the Faculty of Laws.Current Law Year Book, 1951. General Editor: John Burke. Year Book Editor: Clifford Walsh, ll.m. [Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd.; Stevens & Sons, Ltd. £2 10s. net.]Underhill's Law Relating to Trusts and Trustees. Tenth Edition. Supplement. By M. M. Wells.

The Special Nature of Canadian Federalism

Since the end of hostilities in 1945, Canada has been undergoing a rapid constitutional change. The power to make laws on many vitally important matters, which on the outbreak of war in 1939 became vested in the national Parliament either under the emergency doctrine or under the specified jurisdiction over defence, has now almost entirely passed back again to the provincial legislatures. The process of decentralizaton is slower than the former centralization, but it is well under way. A shift in legislative authority is thus in process, affecting such subjects as production and investment control, labour legislation, rent restriction, regulation of prices and wages, man-power distribution, and other essential elements of economic planning. The War Measures Act ceased to be in effect on January 1st, 1946, and the National Emergency Transitional Powers Act which replaced it is being continued on a purely temporary basis. While further prolongation of the latter act may be sought on the theory that the war emergency is not yet over, the mere lapse of time will bring increasing doubt as to its constitutional validity. Sooner rather than later Canada will revert to all the constitutional limitations on the national government which existed in 1939; the one exception is unemployment insurance, the first and only transfer from provincial to federal legislative power made by formal amendment since 1867. The various taxation agreements between the central and local governments, some of which have been renegotiated on an individual basis, have not shifted the legal power to levy taxes but have merely produced a voluntary abstention on the part of some provinces in respect of certain forms of taxation.