Renewable Power Engineering Research Articles

Formation of the Model of Sustainable Economic Development of Renewable Energy

Abstract The article considers the use of sustainable energy as a potentially effective alternative energy source capable of replacing traditional natural fuels. The aim of the research is to develop a complex model of sustainable economic development able to promote introducing and expanding sustainable power engineering as potential alternative energy source, providing sustainable economic development, energy efficiency and reducing damages to the environment. The hypothesis lies in introduction of a model for sustainable economic development due to expansion of renewable energy which will result in economic growth, rise in energy efficacy and reducing hazards to the environment. A comparative analysis of costs and revenues of various types for using energy sources was carried out to estimate the economic efficiency and feasibility of renewable energy. The data analysis toolkit uses MS Power BI software, in which the data model was created. The conducted regression analysis provided valuable nu-merical and practical results on formation of the model of sustainable economic development of renewable power engineering. The research is based on the analysis of the impact “share of energy” on the level of electric energy import and CO2 emissions. It is recommended to intensify efforts to develop renewable energy as a key direction for sustainable economic development to ensure energy security, reduce negative environmental impact and achieve global sustainable development goals.

Assessing Institutional Readiness of East-Asian Countries to Pass over to Technologies of Hydrogen Power Engineering

Such states of East Asia as China, Japan, the Republic of Korea depend seriously on import of primary power resources. No wonder, they do their best to extend possibilities of renewable power engineering as the industry, which could cut volumes of crude oil, natural gas and coal import and provide higher power independence. The accident at the Fokusima-1 nuclear power station resulted in re-estimation of the place and role of nuclear power stations in the power generation structure not only in Japan. It formed another ground for accelerated introduction of renewable power engineering technologies. Apart from traditional solar and wind power stations we can see brand new solutions, among them the use of hydrogen for power needs. These technologies came into being in the 1960s – 1970s but only in the 2000s and later the acceptable level of security was reached as well as, at least partial commercial efficiency of using hydrogen as a power source in industry, municipal sector and transport. The article provides information about the readiness of formal institutions in the mentioned-above countries to pass over to hydrogen power plants, it also studies the present day investment mechanisms of supporting business in this field. To do this we should analyze the legal base of activity regulation in the sphere of production and consumption of hydrogen for power needs in China, Japan and the Republic of Korea and to compare results attained in this direction. This analysis could estimate a potential niche for Russia as an exporter of power hydrogen. Russia possesses all necessary resources for getting green hydrogen with the help of the hydrolysis method at hydroelectric stations. It is an acute trend as the ecologic situation in East-Asian states is continuously deteriorating.

Multijunction solar arrays for space and terrestrial applications

Photovoltaic conversion of the solar energy is the most prospective direction of the renewable power engineering. Solar arrays ensure power supply of spacecrafts and are gaining increasingly more application on the Earth. In the majority of developed countries, laws on state support of the green power engineering assisted in a substantial increase of power of the solar photovoltaic systems have been adopted. The main barrier to increasing the terrestrial solar photovoltaics development rates is a relatively high cost of the solar electric power. The ways for reducing the cost are the rise of the efficiency of power systems and the reduction of the material consumption for arrays based on multijunction solar cells. Results of multijunction solar cells and modules developments for space and terrestrial solar arrays are discussed in the article. In the last years, a significant experience on creation of multijunction solar cells was accumulated. Cascade solar cells and solar photovoltaic installations on their base with sunlight concentrators have been developed. At present, the terrestrial cascade solar cell efficiency exceeds 45%, which is substantially higher than that in conventional Si and thin-film solar arrays. The cascade solar cell efficiency increase has been achieved at the expense of splitting the sunlight spectrum into several intervals by the solar cell semiconductor structure fulfilling more effective photon energy conversion of each of these intervals in a definite parts of this structure. It is shown that multijunction solar cells provide the highest efficiency and they are the basic components of space arrays. Multijunction solar cells provide the highest conversion efficiency of concentrated sunlight as well. It opens prospects for decreasing the solar cell area and cost proportionally to the sunlight concentration. Developed concentrated photovoltaic installations are promising for wide applications in the high scale terrestrial solar photovoltaic energetics.

ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДА ҚАЙТА ТИКЛАНУВЧИ ЭНЕРГИЯ МАНБАЛАРИ: ЗАМОНАВИЙ ВА ИСТИҚБОЛЛИ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА

The article discusses scientific elaborations on renewable energy sources made by national and international economists. The study evaluates the potential of renewable sources available in Uzbekistan from economic viewpoint and analyses the main objectives of the power supply policy of the republic. It also reviews economic aspects of the use of renewable energy sources in Uzbekistan and defines their development trends. A forecast of electricity production in the country has been made based on econometric analysis with an account of GDP factors, gas and coal production. Economic mechanisms for the development of national renewable power engineering have been designed. Findings and recommendations for wider use of renewable sources of energy are presented.

Strategy for the Development of Bioenergy Based on Agriculture: Case for Ukraine

The development of biofuel engineering on the basis of agriculture is one of the main strategic directions of the use of alternative power sources. Renewable power engineering on the basis of agriculture serves as the ground for development of agricultural territories, agricultural diversification, technological equipment and innovative development of the branch and securing power independence of the country. The article analyses main trends of biofuel engineering development in Ukraine. We have built a forecast of change development pace of biofuel production in Ukraine up to 2025. We have conducted complex PEST-analysis of long-term benefits of biofuel engineering market in Ukraine. We have substantiated main tendencies of strategic changes in the branch within the limits of the most influential outer impact factors related to the development of renewable power engineering. We have conducted analysis by separating the factors that have positive and negative effect on the process under study. We have offered a complex of strategic activities within the limits of the most influential environmental factors. We have designed a development strategy for biofuel engineering on the basis of agriculture (hosing kanri method). It is based on the implementation of Deming Cycle and presents the concept of cycle management. On the basis of developed strategy we have outlined main strategic targets, processes and results. Among primary strategic targets we have singled out the following: the improvement of economic and law mechanism of state policy of the development of biofuel engineering; the increase of the volumes of attracting domestic and foreign investments; the implementation of innovative biofuel engineering technologies in industry; raising social awareness level for business and population. In order to optimize the implementation of the strategy development we have established correlation connections between the elements of the strategy. We have outlined the margin of biofuel engineering development at agricultural enterprises according to blue ocean strategy. The results obtained serve as the ground for further investigations of biofuel engineering development on the basis of agriculture.

Prospects for developing renewable power engineering in Russia to address unemployment issues

Prospects for developing renewable power engineering in Russia to address unemployment issues

Hybrid Electric Energy Storages: Their Specific Features and Application (Review)

The article presents a review of various aspects related to development and practical use of hybrid electric energy storages (i.e., those uniting different energy storage technologies and devices in an integrated system) in transport and conventional and renewable power engineering applications. Such devices, which were initially developed for transport power installations, are increasingly being used by other consumers characterized by pronounced nonuniformities of their load schedule. A range of tasks solved using such energy storages is considered. It is shown that, owing to the advent of new types of energy storages and the extended spectrum of their performance characteristics, new possibilities for combining different types of energy storages and for developing hybrid systems have become available. This, in turn, opens up the possibility of making energy storages with better mass and dimension characteristics and achieving essentially lower operational costs. The possibility to secure more comfortable (base) operating modes of primary sources of energy (heat engines and renewable energy source based power installations) and to achieve a higher capacity utilization factor are unquestionable merits of hybrid energy storages. Development of optimal process circuit solutions, as well as energy conversion and control devices facilitating the fullest utilization of the properties of each individual energy storage included in the hybrid system, is among the important lines of research carried out in this field in Russia and abroad. Our review of existing developments has shown that there are no universal technical solutions in this field (the specific features of a consumer have an essential effect on the process circuit solutions and on the composition of a hybrid energy storage), a circumstance that dictates the need to extend the scope of investigations in this promising field.

Создание системы сертификации оборудования возобновляемых источников энергии на соответствие стандартам Международной электротехнической комиссии

The article presents the results from analyzing the practices currently conducted by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on confirming the conformity of equipment on the basis of renewable sources of energy (RSEs) to the requirements of IEC standards within the international certification system IECRE. The worldwide trends in the development of renewable power engineering and its influence on the operation of power supply systems are briefly generalized. Information on the best practices in matters concerned with internationally recognizing the results of activities on confirming the conformity to IEC standards is presented. The certification system performance is analyzed, and proposals on using this international experience in Russia are given.

Efficiency estimation for the grid-tie photovoltaic stations construction in some regions of Central Asia and Transcaucasia

An assessment of the economic expediency of the construction of network photovoltaic stations in some regions of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan is presented, with an accounting for climate conditions and the electricity rates that were adopted to encourage the development of renewable power engineering. The analysis covers design variants of 5-MW model solar power plants on photovoltaic modules made according to various technologies with respective modern and advanced cost indicators. The performance indicators of PVPPs with multicrystalline photovoltaic modules and highly efficient HIT technology modules were made by the Hevel company in Russia.

Prospects for solar energy in Russia

Solar energy is one of the most promising industries of renewable power engineering. In Russia, the large-scale development of solar engineering is related to the launch of the production of thin-film solar modules based on amorphous silicon at Hevel LLC in February 2015. This company is qualified to create a full-fledged high-tech solar energy industry as an alternative to traditional power sources. Its activity is aimed at improving the efficiency, reducing the production cost, and expanding the scope of application of solar modules. In order to support and develop this industry, the Research and Development Center for Thin-Film Technologies started to operate under the Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute in 2012, its main goal being to improve the key parameters of solar modules based on amorphous silicon in the interests of Hevel LLC.

Manufacturing technologies for photovoltaics and possible means of their development in Russia (Review). Part 1: General approach to the development of photoelectric converters and basic silicon technologies

The state and key tendencies of the development of basic technologies for manufacture of photoelectric converters (PECs) in the world are considered, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The first part of the review gives short information on the development of photovoltaics in the world and planes of the development of solar power plants in Russia. Total power of photoelectric plants operating in various countries in 2015 exceeded 150 GW and increased in the last ten years with a rate of approximately 50% per year. Russia made important state decisions on the support of the development of renewable power engineering and developed mechanisms, which were attractive for business, on the stimulation of building of the network of solar power plants with a total power to 1.5 GW in the country to 2020. At the same time, the rigid demands are made with respect to the localization of the production of components of these plants that opens new abilities for the development of the domestic production of photovoltaics manufacture. Data on the efficiency of PECs of various types that are attained in the leading laboratories of the world are given. Particular emphasis has been placed on the consideration of basic silicon technologies of PEC manufacture, which had the widest commercial application. The basic methods for production of polycrystalline silicon and making single-crystal and multicrystal silicon are described. Fundamentals of making techniques for plates, PECs, and photoelectric modules based on single-crystal and polycrystalline silicon are considered. The second part will be devoted to modifications of manufacturing techniques for photoelectric converters, enhancement methods for contact structures, and recommendations of authors with respect to the choice of prospective technologies for the expansion of PEC production in Russia. It will involve formulations and substantiations of the most promising lines of the development of photoelectric converter production in Russia, based on the planned implementation of the network of solar power plants to 2020 with the national assistance under condition of the fulfillment of the rigid requirements to manufacture localization.

The prospects for development of renewable power engineering and providing electrical safety and electromagnetic compatibility

The prospects of the development of renewable power and the creation and implementation of fundamentally new technologies of electric and electronic equipment in order to improve the power supply, to improve energy conservation and efficiency, and to provide electrical safety and the electromagnetic compatibility are discussed. According to research results, the efficiency of the traction power supply system can be improved by increasing the rated voltage in a dc traction network up to 24 kV. The increased voltage results in higher railroad traffic and carrying capacities and allows energy losses throughout the whole system to be reduced. It is shown by analysis and simulation of electromagnetic processes and by comparison of technical and economic characteristics of converters that 24-pulse rectifier circuits with a series connection of threephase bridges are the most effective for the aforementioned system. Such rectifiers improve the power quality both in the primary power-supply system and in the traction network. They also allow one to use simpler and more efficient active-passive smoothing filters, which provide electromagnetic compatibility of the new dc traction power supply system with communication devices and railroad automatic machinery.

Plasma gasification of organic containing substances as a promising way of development of alternative renewable power engineering

The paper deals with perspectives of large-scale implementation of the plasma gasification process of solid organic-containing substances as a source of renewable energy. First of all, such substances as wood waste, agriculture waste, solid household waste are considered. Thanks to the process of the plasma high-temperature gasification the energy of their combustion can be completely converted into the energy of the synthesis gas combustion, which use as a fuel for the combined cycle allows electricity generation with efficiency of ∼60 %. Thus, if the psychogenesis production wastes are considered, this technology enables avoiding additional emission of carbon dioxide into biosphere as for production of biomass from biosphere it is extracted the same amount of carbon dioxide as is emitted at its combustion. The report represents the realized and developing designs of plasma gasification, their advantages and deficiencies.

Development of the geoinformation system “Renewable sources of Russia”: Statement of the problem and choice of solution methods

Approaches to the development of the geoinformation system (GIS) “Renewable energy sources of Russia” are considered. To develop such a system it is planned to create a geographically oriented database on renewable energy sources (RES) at different Russian territories, local climatic characteristics, necessary for simulating power systems operating using RES, the objects of renewable power engineering in operation, etc.

Development of renewable power engineering in Kazakhstan

Development of renewable power engineering in Kazakhstan

Development of renewable power engineering in Kazakhstan

The aspects of the development of the renewable power engineering in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered.