Renewable Energy Sources In India Research Articles

Determination of best renewable energy sources in India using SWARA-ARAS in confidence level based interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy environment

The requirement for renewable energy sources arises from the depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing energy demand. A case study in India has been conducted in this context to identify the most promising renewable energy sources. A novel multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) method integrating stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and additive ratio assessment (ARAS) has been proposed for this purpose. We have used interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy numbers for data representation due to their ability to accommodate a broad range of fuzzy information. By introducing confidence level-based aggregation operators in an interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy environment, we avoid erroneous assessments by decision experts. We have employed objective and subjective weight determination approaches to determine decision experts’ weights. The SWARA method has been used for attribute weight evaluation due to its simplicity and efficiency, and the ARAS method is employed for alternative ranking and optimal choice selection using the utility degree. The findings show the potential to expand solar and wind power, whereas geothermal energy is not yet suitable for widespread deployment because of its early stage of development. We find the technical and environmental aspects to be especially significant during the decision-making process. To demonstrate the proposed method’s applicability, we have compared the results with existing MAGDM methods. To establish its stability, we conducted a sensitivity analysis. The presented MAGDM method can help make informed decisions regarding implementing solar energy as a primary source of energy supply in India, thereby aiding decision-making for policymakers, regulators, energy planners, and stakeholders.

An Exploratory Analysis of Public Perspectives towards Renewable Energy Sources in India

An Exploratory Analysis of Public Perspectives towards Renewable Energy Sources in India

A REVIEW ON DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INDIA

Energy generation and environmental conservation are the twin issues arising from exploitative interaction of humans with natural resources. Excessive utilization of coal and oil for energy generation lead to the multiple environmental problems. In the current scenario the global energy needs can only fulfill by adopting non conventional sources of energy.The present review deals with efforts and achievements of India to develop sustainable, efficient and cleaner energy resources not only in urban but also in rural areas .India has always shown its willingness in leadership to fight climate change. Presently, India is worlds third renewable energy producer with 40% of energy capacity in installed in the year 2022 (160 GW of 400 GW) coming from renewable sources.Ernst & Youngs (EY)2021 Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness index(RECAI) ranked India third behind USA and China. In November 2021. India had a renewable energy capacity of 150 GW consisting of solar (48.55 GW), wind (43.03 GW) hydro power (51.34 GW) and Biomass (10.62 GE). India has committed for a girl of 500 GB renewable energy capacity by 2030. The countrys vision is to achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2070.

Role of Renewable Energy in India’s Energy Basket

World is witnessing a trend of countries adopting renewable energy sources viz.a.viz. Fossil fuels dominated energy sources. International Energy Agency believes that by 2025 energy produced from Renewable energy sources will most likely surpass electricity generated by coal. India being one of the largest producer and consumer of electricity in the world is already one of the largest producers of energy from renewable sources in the world with 38%+ of India’s total installed capacity from renewable energy sources. In this study we analyze and review the role that Renewable Energy is going to play in India’s Energy basket. With growing dependence on non-fossil fuels, it’s imperative for industry participants, policy makers, governments and researchers to decipher what is the role that is going to be played by energy produced from renewable energy sources in India’s energy basket from a strategic as well as policy making perspective.

Potential and Achievement of Renewable Energy sources in India

Abstract: Pure and environmentally friendly energy is of significant interest these days. It is one of the key enablements in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), accelerating social progress, and raising the standard of living. This work seeks broad insights into the Indian renewable energy framework, policy, approach, and socio-economic challenges. These include grid-independent and specific activities such as 'Utility-Scale Power Generation, Potential Multiple Geographies in India' and the Government of India's current achievements in advancing renewable energy production. Although much progress and progress has been made in the last decade of alternative energy maturation and expansion, improvements can be sought to increase the use of solar energy for conventional energy sources in India. Keywords: Solar Panels, Solar Energy, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Development Goals, power generation, cleaner fuels

A review on impact of distributed generation penetration in deregulated electricity market having renewable energy sources in India

Nowadays it is seen that, distributed generation (DG) system based on conventional energy sources and renewable energy sources (RESs), specially using solar energy, is playing an important role to match load demand across India. Energy policies are promoting renewable energy resources and in the coming time to increase the energy efficiency, DGs installation and RESs scheme will play a vital role. It can be observed that India’s load rate is increasing rapidly day by day. Unplanned management made without planning can adversely affect the grid and put a serious load demand on the power grid. Distributed generation systems can be very useful to avoid such problems, especially if we use renewable energy. In this paper, we have mentioned about how we can manage the load demand and how to meet the power supply of the people using the distributed generation. In this review, strength, stability and reliability of distributed generation (DG) system is discussed with different aspects including different scenarios. This analysis shows a major action on the power system planning and working of the grid system. Recent works are included in this review. Different steps have also been taken for the integration of DGs with various scenarios in electric power systems. The main objective of this review is, how to achieve better integration of flexible demand and demand response, so that demand side Management (DSM) with the help of distributed generation can be fulfilled and create grid proficiency. Different challenge in DG system has also been mention in this research.

An Evaluation of Current Status of Renewable Energy Sources in India

Many people in rural society of India does not have access to natural energy resources like LPG , electricity as there is no facilitation of grid erection. Hence it becomes imperative for country like India to go for renewable energy resources as alternative to conventional energy resources. This paper evaluations the potential of different sources of renewable energy in India. It also highlights the trends in the growth of renewable energy sector, although at the same time shows that there is need of a hybrid renewable energy model for rural electrification in India. Paper also shows the scope in using the agriculture waste as bio fuel which burned otherwise and prompt health hazards besides environmental pollution, also describing many technologies which are in the demonstration stage like Tidal, OTEC, Solar thermal power plants. Many constraints put development in the field of solar and wind sector, on hold like availability of solar rays throughout the year . The main aim of the paper is to evaluation all possible options in renewable energy sector so that large segment of rural population can have access to electricity and to meet their basic energy needs.

Marginal Benefit to South Asian Economies from SO2 Emissions Mitigation and Subsequent Increase in Monsoon Rainfall

Sulphate aerosols are dominated by SO2 emissions from coal-burning for the Indian electricity sector and they are thought to have a short term but significant, negative impact on South Asian Summer Monsoon rainfall. This reduction in precipitation in turn can lead to reduced economic outputs, primarily through smaller agricultural yields. By bringing together estimates of (a) the impact of sulphate aerosols on precipitation and (b) the observed relationship between monsoon rainfall and GDP, we present a methodology to estimate the possible financial cost of this effect on the Indian economy and on its agricultural sector. Our preliminary estimate is that the derived benefits could be large enough that around 50% of India’s SO2 emissions could be economically mitigated at no cost or net benefit, although it should be noted that the large uncertainties in the underlying relationships mean that the overall uncertainty is also large. Comparison of the 1952–1981 and 1982–2011 periods indicates that the Indian economy may now be more resilient to variability of the monsoon rainfall. As such, a case could be made for action to reduce SO2 emissions, particularly in the crucial monsoon period. This would have a significant, positive effect on a crucial and large sector in India’s economy and the effects would be visible almost instantly. The recent growth in renewable energy sources in India and the consequent, reduced increase in coal burning means that further financial costs have already been avoided. This impact should be further investigated so that it can be included in cost-benefit analyses of different fuel types in the region. The significant uncertainties associated with these calculations are discussed.

Prospects of renewable energy sources in India: Prioritization of alternative sources in terms of Energy Index

The growing energy demand in progressing civilization governs the exploitation of various renewable sources over the conventional sources. Wind, Solar, Hydro, Biomass, and waste & Bagasse are the various available renewable sources in India. A reliable nonconventional geothermal source is also available in India but it is restricted to direct heat applications. This study archives the status of renewable alternatives in India. The techno economic factors and environmental aspects associated with each of these alternatives are discussed. This study focusses on prioritizing the renewable sources based on a parameter introduced as Energy Index. This index is evaluated using cumulative scores obtained for each of the alternatives. The cumulative score is obtained by evaluating each alternative over a range of eleven environmental and techno economic criteria following Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. The eleven criteria's considered in the study are Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), Sulphur dioxide emissions (SO2), Nitrogen oxide emissions (NOx), Land requirement, Current energy cost, Potential future energy cost, Turnkey investment, Capacity factor, Energy efficiency, Design period and Water consumption. It is concluded from the study that the geothermal source is the most preferable alternative with highest Energy Index. Hydro, Wind, Biomass and Solar sources are subsequently preferred alternatives.

Control of Microgrid with Enhancement of Wind Power Evacuation

Out of the available renewable energy sources in India, wind energy plays a dominant role accounting for nearly 68% of the total renewable power produced in the country. Out of which Tamil Nadu produces 7162 MW (38%) of the total capacity. A major problem faced by all wind farms in the state is that of evacuation of wind power due to limited power transmission capacity of existing transmission lines. Kudimangalam, one such wind farm in Coimbatore is taken up for study in this paper. By transforming this windfarm into a microgrid, wind power evacuation problems can be mitigated or minimized to a larger extent. The goal of this paper is to suggest the capacity of solar plant, gas power plant and battery storage to be used for the proposed microgrid. Energy Management Algorithm (EMA) is incorporated in MATLAB Simulink and is tested for different conditions. Finally implementation of EMA is done with the help of PIC microcontroller. From the study, it can be concluded that it is feasible to convert the considered wind farm into a microgrid with solar and gas power plants of appropriate capacity so that wind power is utilized to its maximum without power evacuation problems.

IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN POWER SUPPLY OF INDIA– A SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH

In this paper, an attempt is made to answer the question: Can renewable energy sources eventually supply India’s electricity needs in the future? In particular, we examine the total potential of renewable energy sources in India and extent to which they can supply these needs. The estimates made here indicate that even with a frugal per capita electricity need of 2000 kWh/annum and a stabilized population of 1500 million by 2025, India would need to generate approximately 3000 TWh/yr. As opposed to this, a systematic analysis of the information available on all the renewable energy sources indicates that the total potential is only around 1000 TWh/yr. It is concluded that in the future as fossil fuels are exhausted, renewable sources alone will not suffice for meeting India’s needs.

Sustainable Energy Plan of a Village in Punjab for Self Energy Generation.

Abstract- Increasing electricity demand, hike in fuel prices, environmental concerns are the main factors which motivate the use of renewable energy sources in India. In past few year India has shown a significantly growth in utilization of renewable energy sources. Today the share of Renewable energy sources is almost 12% in total electricity generation. According to Ministry of Power in India so far 1.15 lakhs of villages still unelectrified. In this paper the potential of renewable energy sources (solar + biomass) is estimated in a village in Punjab, India. Based on a survey conducted in an Indian village named “Kaidupur” situated in district Patiala in Punjab, the available bio mass resources like agro-waste, animal dung, and solar energy are identified. This paper provides a complete solution to meet energy demand of a village by renewable energy sources. The optimization (biomass + solar) is done by Hybrid optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER). Hybrid energy system is becoming popular in area where grid extension is considered uneconomical or not feasible. This paper provides a better understanding of utilization of renewable resources in an isolated /off grid locations.

Energy models for commercial energy prediction and substitution of renewable energy sources

In this paper, three models have been projected namely Modified Econometric Mathematical (MEM) model, Mathematical Programming Energy-Economy-Environment (MPEEE) model, and Optimal Renewable Energy Mathematical (OREM) model. The actual demand for coal, oil and electricity is predicted using the MEM model based on economic, technological and environmental factors. The results were used in the MPEEE model, which determines the optimum allocation of commercial energy sources based on environmental limitations. The gap between the actual energy demand from the MEM model and optimal energy use from the MPEEE model, has to be met by the renewable energy sources. The study develops an OREM model that would facilitate effective utilization of renewable energy sources in India, based on cost, efficiency, social acceptance, reliability, potential and demand. The economic variations in solar energy systems and inclusion of environmental constraint are also analyzed with OREM model. The OREM model will help policy makers in the formulation and implementation of strategies concerning renewable energy sources in India for the next two decades.

The application of a Delphi technique in the linear programming optimization of future renewable energy options for India

The role of renewable energy resources in developing countries has increased considerably over the last decade. Technological developments are so advanced that the renewables can be conveniently substituted for commercial energy sources. The extent to which renewable energy could be substituted in the commercial energy scene in respect of environment and social impact is discussed in this paper. An optimal renewable energy mathematical (OREM) model will be developed for the substitution of renewable energy sources in India over the years 2010–11, 2015–16 and 2020–21. It is a linear programming model, which allocates optimal renewable energy sources for different end-uses such as lighting, cooking, pumping, heating, cooling and transportation. The model was developed with the objective of minimizing cost/efficiency ratio based on social acceptance, reliability, demand and potential constraints. The model predicts that around 25% of the total energy consumed will be from renewable energy sources by the year 2020–21. It was found that at optimal condition, for lighting end-use, solar PV and biogas electricity conversion could be used to an extent of 520 and 750 PJ , respectively. Similarly, the optimal renewable energy sources for other end-uses were determined by running OREM model. The potential for biomass, biogas, firewood and ethanol were varied in the model and different renewable energy distribution patterns were obtained. When the potential of these resources are increased in the model, the contribution of solar energy systems would decrease as they are expensive. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to validate the OREM model. The coefficient of sensitivity has been obtained for the variation of renewable energy demand, social acceptance and potential of renewable energy sources. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the OREM model is very sensitive with regard to variation of different parameters in the model. This model can be used in the formation of energy strategies in India.

Sensitivity analysis of optimal renewable energy mathematical model on demand variations

Energy demand is increasing rapidly because of developments in the industrial, agricultural, commercial and transportation sectors. The population rise and improved life style are other reasons for the increase in energy demand. Since commercial energy sources are non-renewable and depleting in nature, it is essential to seek renewable energy sources. After a few decades, renewables have to play a major role to meet the growing energy demand. A Delphi study has been conducted to find the level of social acceptance in the utilisation of renewable energy sources for the year 2020–2021. The experts’ opinion revealed that 25% of total energy demand could be met by renewable energy sources. An Optimal Renewable Energy Mathematical (OREM) model is developed to allocate the predicted renewable energy demand for different end uses. The model is analysed to meet 20, 25 and 30% of the total energy demand in the year 2020–2021. In the case of the 25% energy demand, the renewable energy contribution would be 8.127 × 10 15 kJ. A sensitivity analysis has been done to validate the OREM model. The analysis reveals that the energy distribution pattern changes, even with an increase of 1% energy demand, for which the coefficient of sensitivity is 1.84%. This study will help in the formation of strategies for effective utilisation of renewable energy sources in India.

Stability and consensus analysis on the Delphi study for the utilisation of renewable energy sources in India

SYNOPSIS The non renewable nature and the accelerated demand of conventional energy has forced planners and policy makers to look for alternative sources. Renewable energy sources can contribute significantly in meeting the increasing energy demand of the country. It is one area which is expanding rapidly and a number of innovations are taking place. But the qualitative functions such as awareness and social acceptance of the users have to be determined. Hence a Delphi study has been conducted to ascertain the quantum of acceptance of renewable energy sources in the context of possible deterioration of the environment because of increased use of fossil fuels. This study identifies the best methods to popularise the renewable energy sources. It also deals with the problems related to the utilisation of the renewable energy systems. By using statistical methods, the opinions of the participants involved in this study have been analysed and a general consensus arrived at. The literature survey reveals that not much work has been done in determining the social acceptance and percentage allocation for renewable energy sources using a Delphi study. The observations made by the experts reveal that by the year 2020 solar energy can be used to the extent of 15%, 17%, 19%, 20%, 18% and 11% of total energy consumption for lighting, cooking, pumping, heating, cooling and transportation end-uses respectively. Similarly, the experts estimated the extent of wind energy and biomass energy utilisation for the different enduses. The study forecasts around 25% of total energy utilisation is expected to be from renewable energy sources by the year 2020 and beyond.

Renewable energy planning for India in 21st century

Energy is a vital input for economic and social development of any country. With increasing industrial and agricultural activities in the country, the demand for energy is also rising. Solar, wind and biomass are accepted as dependable and widely available renewable sources of energy. Development of an energy model will help in the proper allocation of these renewables in meeting the future demand of energy in India. The present work deals with the development of an Optimal Renewable Energy Model (OREM) for the effective utilisation of renewable energy sources in India for the year-2020-21. The objective of the Optimal Renewable Energy Model (OREM) was minimising cost/efficiency ratio based on social acceptance, reliability, demand and potential constraints. The OREM model allocated renewable energy sources for different end-uses such as lighting, cooking, pumping, heating, cooling and transportation for the year 2020-21.

Non-CO2-emitting renewable energy sources in India: Paths, realisable potential and requirement of industry related forestry pattern

Non-CO2-emitting renewable energy sources in India: Paths, realisable potential and requirement of industry related forestry pattern

Non-CO 2-emitting renewable energy sources in India: Paths, realisable potential and requirement of industry related forestry pattern

The pattern of the world's energy supply has undergone dramatic changes over the last century and particularly over the last twenty years causing considerable strain to global environment. Particularly in India, the climatological effects of burning fosssil-fuels make it necessary to develop and increase the use of non-CO 2-emitting energy sources besides taking up a forestry scheme of specifically developed restrain species. In this paper, the current status of biomass and renewable energy technologies throughout India is reviewed and their medium-term potential for carbon-free fuels and electricity is estimated. The time frame covers the second-generation renewable technologies and is long enough for further development and market introduction of already known technologies, but before new technological breakthroughs are likely. Finally, it has been concluded on the basis of projections, renewable energy sources complimented by specific Social Forestry Schemes have potential to keep zero CO 2 emission level while achieving social goals.

Renewable energy programmes in India

Efforts towards the development and deployment of technologies based on renewable energy sources in India are described. A brief review of renewable energy programmes with an emphasis on the specific strengths of the different programmes in the context of India's renewable energy programme is presented. Renewable energy systems which appear to have a significant role to play in the sustainable energy programme of India are identified and their implementation discussed.