Urinary Research Articles

Epidemiology, microbiological profile and susceptibility pattern of uropathogens from a tertiary care hospital in central India

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infection in the community, whereas in hospitals, they are the most common healthcare-associated infections. Monitoring factors like the most common causative organisms and their susceptibility pattern is essential for tailored management and practicing antimicrobial stewardship. This study was done to determine the epidemiology, microbiological profile, and susceptibility pattern of uropathogens to make better antibiotic policy.: This was a retrospective descriptive study done at the Department of Microbiology, Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh in which analysis of the culture isolates obtained from urine samples received between January 2022 to December 2022 was performed.: Out of 2893 urine samples, 784 (27.1%) showed significant growth on culture. Females were more affected than males with male to female ratio being 1:2.3. Most common causative organism found in our study was (41.9%) followed by species (23.9%), non-albicans species(11.09%) and (10.3%). isolates showed 100% susceptibility to fosfomycin; 93% for nitrofurantoin, and 93% for carbapenems. In the case of isolates of the susceptibility percentage for nitrofurantoin and carbapenems were 59% and 82% respectively. In isolates were 100% susceptible to Teicoplanin and Fosfomycin, 82% for Nitrofurantoin.: followed by species the most common uropathogen. Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin were the most effective antibiotics against uropathogens.

Integrating Pranic Healing for Sleep Improvement Among Subjects with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Integrating Pranic Healing for Sleep Improvement Among Subjects with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Rare STAT3 haplotypes cause a predisposition to develop congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract disorder

Rare STAT3 haplotypes cause a predisposition to develop congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract disorder

Record of Renicola sloanei Wright, 1954 (Plagiorchiida: Renicolidae) in the Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus, 1758) arrived at the Canary Islands (Spain).

In the winter of 2022-2023, hundreds of the Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) appeared dead in the coast of the Canary Islands, a rare event considering their cold-living habits, normally occupying the North Atlantic Ocean. In this work, investigation about the parasites present in the Atlantic puffins found in the biggest islands of the Archipelago was carried out from a population portion. Necropsies of 39 birds were made and, during the examination of the urinary tracts, helminths were found. Morphoanatomical analysis under microscope allowed to identify them into Renicola genus with high similarity to Renicola sloanei. After that, DNA was extracted and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene were amplificated by a polymerase chain reaction method followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The molecular results demonstrated that in fact R. sloanei was the helminth parasite present in the urinary tracts of the Atlantic puffins found in the Canary Islands.

Decreased urinary excretion of norepinephrine and dopamine in autonomic synucleinopathies.

Autonomic synucleinopathies feature autonomic failure and intracellular deposition of the protein alpha-synuclein. Three such conditions are the Lewy body diseases (LBDs) Parkinson's disease (PD) and pure autonomic failure (PAF) and the non-LBD synucleinopathy multiple system atrophy (MSA). These diseases all entail catecholaminergic abnormalities in the brain, sympathetically innervated organs, or both; however, little is known about renal catecholaminergic functions in autonomic synucleinopathies. We measured urinary excretion rates of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, the hormone epinephrine, the autocrine-paracrine substance dopamine, the catecholamine precursor 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG, the main neuronal metabolite of norepinephrine), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC, a major dopamine metabolite), in PD, PAF, and MSA groups and controls. Data were reviewed from all research participants who had urine collections (usually 3.5 h) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center from 1995 to 2024. The control cohort had neither autonomic failure nor a movement disorder. Norepinephrine excretion rates were decreased compared with controls in PD (p = 0.0001), PAF (p < 0.0001), and MSA (p < 0.0001). Dopamine excretion was also decreased in the three groups (PD: p = 0.0136, PAF: p = 0.0027, MSA: p = 0.0344). DHPG excretion was decreased in PD (p = 0.0004) and PAF (p = 0.0004) but not in MSA. DOPA and epinephrine excretion did not differ among the study groups. Autonomic synucleinopathies involve decreased urinary excretion rates of norepinephrine and dopamine. Since virtually all ofurinary dopamine in humans is derived from circulating DOPA, the low rates of urinary norepinephrine and dopamine excretion may reflect dysfunctions in the renal sympathetic noradrenergic system, the DOPA-dopamine autocrine-paracrine system, or both systems.

Comparison of suction technique and non-suction technique in retrograde intrarenal stone surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of retrograde intrarenal stone surgery (RIRS) using the vacuum suction technique for the treatment of upper urinary calculi. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Sino Med, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, and Cochrane. We included studies comparing vacuum suction RIRS with non-vacuum RIRS. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a meta-analysis of the selected studies. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case-control studies, and retrospective studies evaluating the efficacy of these techniques. Key outcomes analyzed included operative time, hospitalization duration, stone-free rates, and complication rates. Statistical analyses were conducted using mean differences (MD) for continuous variables and odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous outcomes, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sixteen studies (6 RCTs, 1 case-control study, and 9 retrospective studies) involving a total of 2029 patients were included. Meta-analysis revealed that the vacuum suction technique significantly reduced operative time (MD = -14.45min, 95% CI [-18.45; -10.44], P < 0.00001) and hospital stay (MD = -0.54days, 95% CI [-0.80; -0.28], P < 0.00001). In addition, patients in the vacuum suction group had a higher stone-free rate (OR = 3.57, 95% CI [2.57; 4.95], P < 0.00001) and lower complication rates, particularly in reducing postoperative fever. The application of the vacuum suction technique in RIRS significantly improves clinical outcomes by reducing operative time and hospitalization duration, enhancing stone-free rates, and lowering postoperative complication rates. This technique demonstrates a clear clinical advantage over non-vacuum RIRS and should be considered a preferred option for the management of upper urinary tract stones.

Diagnostic and prognostic genomic aberrations in upper tract urothelial carcinoma can be identified in focal barbotage samples.

To investigate whether genetic analysis of focal barbotage samples obtained at ureterorenoscopy (URS) is possible, and to identify genetic aberrations that might add prognostic information. This prospective study included barbotage samples from 42 patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) confirmed at URS. At URS, focal barbotage specimens were collected for cytology and for gene sequencing. Tumour grades were determined from cytology and/or biopsy, or from radical nephroureterectomy samples. Next-generation sequencing using a 385-gene panel was performed and single nucleotide variants (SNVs), deletions/insertions (indels) and copy number aberrations (CNAs) were identified. Manual filtering of the SNVs/indels was performed to identify possible pathogenic mutations. Of the 42 samples, two failed quality control, therefore, 40 focal barbotage samples were sequenced. We identified known and suspected pathogenic mutations and other genomic aberrations in 36 samples. The most common variants were in TERT (78%), FGFR3 (50%), KMT2D (42%), KDM6A (42%), ARID1A (39%), TP53 (19%) and deletion of 9q (50%). Known pathogenic mutations in FGFR3 were common in grade 1 and 2 tumours, but not present in any grade 3 tumour. No patients with an FGFR3 mutation died during follow-up. TP53 variants or deletions, as well as amplifications of MDM2, were only present in high-grade (HG) tumours or low-grade (LG) tumours in patients who had metastasis/died from urinary tract carcinoma. CNAs were detected in 36/40 barbotage samples, 91% of the HG samples and 69% of the LG samples, including those from all five patients with LG tumours with metastasis or who died from urinary tract cancer. Focal barbotage samples enable identification of gene mutations and other genetic aberrations that may add important prognostic information to histopathology and cytology. Refined prognostication of UTUC patients already at diagnosis can guide treatment decisions and follow-up programmes.

Efficacy and Safety of Two Different Approaches in the Drainage of the Upper Urinary Tract in "Acute Obstructive Uropathy": A Critical Evaluation.

Aim: To compare the results of retrograde ureteral stent (RUS) and percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) procedures for decompression in patients with acute obstructive pyelonephritis. Patients and Methods: Medical records of patients undergoing PCN or RUS for emergency urinary diversion because of obstructive pyelonephritis were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with urinary tract obstruction and concurrent fever (≥38°C), pyuria, and costovertebral angle tenderness were included and divided into two groups based on the type of emergency urinary drainage applied (PCN in Group 1) and (RUS in Group 2). Apart from the demographic data and Charlson Comorbidity Index, laboratory and radiologic examination outcomes were well evaluated. Results: A total of 155 patients including 73 patients (47.1%) undergoing PCN (Group 1) and 82 patients (52.9%) undergoing RUS (Group 2). Although no significant difference was found regarding the demographic characteristics, the operation time, as well as fluoroscopy time, was significantly shorter in Group 1 cases when compared with those in Group 2 (p < 0.0001). The success rate was similar between the two groups, and there was also a significant difference regarding the complication rates in both groups of cases (5.5% vs 7.3%). Conclusions: Our findings showed that despite similar efficacy and success rates noted between PCN and RUS applications in the emergency drainage of cases presenting with obstructive pyelonephritis, PCN application was found to be advantageous because of shorter operation and fluoroscopy durations. More importantly, this approach was associated with a significantly less need for intensive care during the postoperative period.

Congenital Anterior Urethral Diverticulum: A Case Report

Congenital anomalies of lower urinary tract are most common anomalies found in children, but congenital anterior urethral diverticulum is a very rare cause. Here we present 11 month old male child presented with soft cystic swelling in the ventral side of the penile shaft and underwent open diverticulectomy.

Role of Tamsulosin and Solifenacin to Reduce Double J Stent Related Symptoms After Uncomplicated Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy

Introduction: Endoscopic urological surgeries are safe procedures with further reduction in morbidity due to double J stents. Stents usually give rise to lower urinary tract symptoms and various drugs have been prescribed singly drug or in combination to ameliorate the symptoms. Since double J stenting of the ureter is one of the most common procedures in our department, we attempted to compare the efficacy of the anti-muscarinic drug Solifenacin over alpha-blocker Tamsulosin. Materials and methods: A prospective study was done where 50 consecutive patients who underwent double J stenting following ureteroscopic lithotripsy were randomized and given 5 mg Solifenacin or 0.4 mg Tamsulosin. Lower urinary tract symptoms were assessed at end of first and second week. The results were analyzed. Results: Fifty consecutive patients who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy were enrolled in the study. 25 of them were randomly prescribed Solifenacin and 25 were prescribed Tamsulosin based on computer generated randomization. The IPSS score was higher in the Solifenacin group, compared to the Tamsulosin group in both the first and second weeks, which was significantly higher in the first week. The reduction of symptoms within the first and second week in both groups was clinically significant, Solifenacin group being p &lt;0.0001 and Tamsulosin group being 0.0004. Conclusions: Lower urinary tract symptoms are common and quite bothersome following DJ stent insertion. The symptoms can be ameliorated with the use of alpha blockers and anti-muscarinic drugs.

The Analysis Study of Safety and Outcome of Ureteroscopy During Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Symptomatic urolithiasis in pregnancy can result in significant morbidity, causing conditions such as renal colic, urinary tract infections, and ureteral obstruction. This systematic review aim to analyze the safety and outcomes of uretrhoscopy for pregnant women. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2014 to 2024. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Ureteroscopy is a safe, effective, and cost-efficient treatment for ureteral calculi during pregnancy. Early intervention minimizes complications, and URS remains a successful option for managing obstructive uropathy. Future research should optimize protocols and assess long-term outcomes for improved care.

Effect of ICG fluorescence-assisted new nerve-sparing of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy on lower urinary tract symptoms.

The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy and safety of our newly developed ICG-assisted nerve-sparing (NS) robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) through subjective and objective data. This study included 43 NS RARP patients, divided into ICG (23 patients) and non-ICG (20 patients) groups. Immunohistochemical staining with nNOS antibodies was conducted on specimens of resected prostate from the base, middle, and apex to count nNOS-positive cells. Fewer nNOS-positive cells suggested higher quality for the NS procedure. Postoperative erectile function, urinary incontinence, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) as evaluated by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and lower urinary tract function were compared between groups, operative time, and adverse events. Only the number of n-NOS-positive cells at the base differed significantly between the ICG group (15.0 ± 6.9) and the non-ICG group (26.9 ± 21.4, p = 0.02). Regarding LUTS, in the ICG group, significant improvement was only seen in postoperative IPSS scores (13.6 ± 4.9 to 8.7 ± 5.0, p = 0.02). No significant differences in the postoperative erectile function, urinary incontinence, and lower urinary tract function were seen between groups. In addition, significant differences in operative time and rate of adverse events were not observed between groups. Our innovative approach enhances the visualization of prostatic boundaries, suggesting potential for reliable and straightforward NS procedures, with a significant improvement in LUTS, without evidence of prolonged operative time or an increased frequency of adverse events.

Is Intravesical Gentamicin the New Gold Standard to Manage Refractory Urinary Tract Infections?-Experience From a Dedicated Multidisciplinary Complex UTI Clinic.

To assess the effectiveness of intravesical gentamicin in managing recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) refractory to first- and second-line treatments. This single-centre prospective cohort study included 41 patients treated with intravesical gentamicin over a 24-month period from 2021 to 2023. A multidisciplinary team comprising functional urologists, microbiologists, and specialist nurses was involved in the decision-making process and in designing the treatment protocol. Patients self-administered gentamicin instillations into the bladder according to a 6-month instillation schedule. Patients were followed up during and after the treatment period to assess the treatment response. A total of 41 patients with rUTIs were treated using the 6-month intravesical gentamicin regimen. Of these, 10 were male and 31 were female, with a mean age of 53 years. E. coli was isolated from urine cultures in 19 patients (46%), while 19 patients had multiple organisms. Serum gentamicin levels were undetectable in all patients 1 week after treatment initiation. The mean follow-up period was 15 months with minimum follow up of 6 months for all patients. Following gentamicin administration, hospital admission rates due to urosepsis decreased from 46% to 5%, and the prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in urine cultures decreased from 44% to 10%. A significant reduction in UTI frequency was observed in 80.5% of patients, with 71% reporting good to excellent Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scores. Additionally, 76% of patients reported a significant improvement in Quality of Life (QoL). In our cohort of patients with recurrent and refractory UTIs, intravesical gentamicin instillations has shown to be both safe and effective, leading to notable improvements in patients' symptoms and QoL.

An insight into Pittaja Mutrakrichra w.s.r. to Lower Urinary Tract Infection with mechanism, risk factors &amp; prevention

In Ayurveda, diseases are named after taking into consideration of certain criteria which are very much significant. A disease named on the basis of Pravrutti of Mootra associated with difficulty in Pravrutti is Mutrakrichra i.e., passing urine with difficulty or pain. Eight types of Mutrakrichhra are described in details in Madhav Nidana - i.e., Vattaja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Sannipataja, Shalyaja, Ashmarija, Shukraja, Purishaja Mutrakrichhra. Pittaja Mutrakrichhra was well acknowledged in Samhitas with different treatment modalities, which can be concurrent to Lower urinary tract infections on theoretical and clinical symptomatology of disease. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is defined as multiplication of organism in urinary tract.[1] Urinary tract infection is the inflammation of the tissues of the urinary tract.[2] Upper urinary tract infection is infection involving the kidney and lower urinary tract infection is infection involving the bladder, prostate, and urethra.[3] Hence in the present study, an attempt is made to critically analyze the disease Pittaja Mutrakrichra with its Nidana, Samprapti, Lakshana and with the disease Lower urinary tract infection. Lower urinary tract infection can be reduced by drinking plenty of fluids and completely emptying the bladder frequently. Menstrual hygiene changes sanitary pads or tampons regularly to maintain cleanliness and to prevent bacterial growth.

Incidence of Urinary Tract Infections, Etiological Agents, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Among Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women in Amedi Region, Iraq

Urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection caused by bacteria from the digestive tract entering the urinary tract. It is more prevalent in women and remains the most common bacterial infection in humans. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnant women, identify and diagnose uropathogenic bacteria, and examine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated bacteria. A total of 283 urine specimens were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant females of different ages who visited Amedi hospital between October 2020 and January 2021. The samples were cultured and incubated on Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates for 24 hours at 37°C. Bacterial isolates were identified and their antibiotic sensitivity was assessed using the Vitek-2 method. The study found a total UTI rate of 42.4% (120/283), with higher rates in pregnant patients (58.3%) compared to non-pregnant patients (41.7%). Among 120 positive urine cultures, bacterial isolates were identified in 92.5% (111/120), with Gram-positive bacteria being more prevalent (51.4%) than Gram-negative (48.6%). The most common Gram-negative bacteria was Escherichia coli (29.7%), while Gram-positive bacteria included Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Streptococcus agalactiae (each 12.6%; 14/111). The rate of fungal positive cultures (Candida spp.) was 7.5%. Gram-negative isolates showed high sensitivity to tigecycline (99.0%) and ertapenem (80.6%), but low sensitivity to ampicillin (2.7%) and cefuroxime (16.1%). Gram-positive isolates were highly sensitive to linezolid (98.7%) and tigecycline (98.5%). The findings of this study are valuable for understanding the nature of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and guiding appropriate treatment, leading to a reduction in the misuse of antibiotics. Keywords: Urinary tract infection; Pregnancy; Antibiogram; Uropathogenic bacteria; Iraq.

Sauna and health

Sauna use, practiced for thousands of years, has its roots in Finnish culture, where it was considered an essential part of health and hygiene. In recent years, a growing body of scientific research has confirmed the numerous health benefits associated with regular sauna use. This research review focuses on the effects of sauna sessions on the body's health, with particular emphasis on the cardiovascular system, blood pressure, respiratory system and urinary system. Analyses show that regular sauna use contributes to lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing blood pressure and improving the lipid profile. In addition, sauna has a beneficial effect on lung function, reducing the risk of diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. It is also worth noting that sauna baths are safe for patients with kidney disease, as confirmed by research results. These indications underscore the importance of regular sauna sessions as a form of health support, helping to improve quality of life and long-term well-being.

In-vitro and in-silico assessment of thiazole-thiazolidinone derivatives as selective inhibitors of urease and α-glucosidase.

Current research work aims to synthesize hybrid compounds with a thiazole-thiazolidinone structure, as potent inhibitors of urease and α-glucosidase enzymes. These compounds were characterize through1HNMR,13CNMR and HREI-MS techniques. These compounds were also evaluated for their potential to inhibit urease and α-glucosidase enzymes for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and diabetes treatments. Moreover, molecular docking and ADMET analysis was carried out to confirm biological outcomes. Compounds-4 (IC50 = 1.80 ± 0.80 and 3.61 ± 0.59 μM against urease and α-glucosidase, respectively) exhibited significant effectiveness in inhibiting the activity of both enzymes in comparison to the conventional inhibitors thiourea and acarbose. Molecular docking experiments showed that potent compounds exhibited favorable binding orientations in the active sites of urease and α-glucosidase playing a pivotal role in inhibition profile of these compounds. These compounds were also investigated for their drug likeness and were found with desirable attributes for pharmaceutical development. Based on the findings of this research, these compounds have the potential to be developed into effective anti-diabetic and anti-urease treatments in the future.

Congenital absence of vas deferens: Anatomical and embryological inputs from a series of autopsies reported in Europe throughout the 18th and 19th century.

Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a syndrome with a heterogeneous presentation: bilateral (CBAVD) or unilateral (CUAVD), complete or partial and associated or not with other anomalies of the male urogenital system. A turning point came in 1968 when CBAVD was associated with cystic fibrosis and its CFTR gene mutations. Genetic studies then revealed that a minority of CBAVD but a majority of CUAVD are CFTR-independent. In the literature, reference is classically made to two sources from the 18th and 19th century: Hunter and Reverdin. This scarcity prompted us to look for additional observations of CAVD. By a meticulous bibliographical search, we identified a corpus of 10 European observations (8 CUAVD and 2 CBAVD) some of them richly illustrated. They were collected between 1755 and 1876 throughout adult men autopsies. We also provided their primary and unambiguous sources. Analysis of the reported data revealed some interesting facts: both CBAVD cases were unlikely linked to cystic fibrosis and half of CUAVD cases were associated with an ipsilateral kidney absence, suggesting a CFTR-independent pathophysiology. Moreover, the anatomical details of the anomalies raise interesting embryological questions we have tried to address in the light of current data. This work made it possible to identify new historical sources dealing with male genital tract pathologies. It sheds light on the origins of andrology and opens up interesting prospects for research and education in the field.

Chandraprabha Vati: A Timeless Elixir in Ayurvedic Medicine

Ayurveda is one of the types of medication which is largely based on plant drugs. It includes wider indications For health. Rasa Aushadhi is highly essential in Ayurveda because it is rejuvenating, long-acting, and works Even in minute quantities. Chandraprabha Vati is an ancient formulation used with a wide range of medicinal Activities, and it is a herbo-mineral preparation. It has a wide range of action and is recommended for all Diseases such as tumors, reproductive problems, urinary tract problems, hemorrhoids, and diabetes. There are A few formulas that exist under the name Chandraprabha Vati. Besides being a Rasayana, Balya, and Tridosha Shamaka, it speeds up the process. As it cures all types of disorders, be it male or female reproductive health Problems, it is called Sarvaroga Pranashini. Some studies have been done on reducing blood pressure and Blood sugar. As a Rasayana, it develops immunity and power. This research collects and analyzes numerous Chandraprabha Vati formulations from the ancient texts and describes their ingredients, dosages, applications, And actions. Chandraprabha Vati is mainly used for the treatment of kidney stones. The herbal components of This formulation possess the properties of diuretics, antioxidants, detoxifying principles, and anti- Inflammatory agents. The paper discusses Chandraprabha Vati in the clinical practice relating to renal calculus Disease, a very common uropathy caused due to the formation of solid aggregates in the kidney

Urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women in the aspect of sexual health and therapeutic approach

Introduction Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition among postmenopausal women, seriously impacting their sexual health and quality of life. In the postmenopausal period, multiple hormonal and structural changes occur in female body. These conditions can lead to psychosomatic disorders, causing shame, social withdrawal, and negatively affecting sexual health. Loss of bladder control creates discomfort during sex, reducing satisfaction for both women and their partners. Management strategies for UI in postmenopausal women include pelvic floor training, medications, and surgical options. Addressing the psychosocial aspects of urinary incontinence through counseling and education is essential for empowering women to seek support. Aim of the study The article discusses urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women, highlighting its impact on sexual health. It discusses the hormonal and physiological changes related to this condition and aims to present effective diagnostic and treatment strategies. Materials and methods We searched the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, clinical trial registry platforms, and Google Scholar, using key terms such as "urinary incontinence," "postmenopausal women," "sexual health," "lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).” Conclusion UI is a serious problem affecting many postmenopausal women. It is crucial to elevate the understanding of both patients and medical staff about diagnosis, effective treatment options, and the importance of mental support. By taking this approach, we can create a healthcare environment that is more informed and compassionate.