Renal Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Research Articles

Day and Night Chronesthesy of 24,25 (OH)2D3, Copper (II) and [Cu(II)-24,25 (OH)2D3] Complex on Renal and Cerebral Enzymatic Activities in Male Hypophysectomized Rats

In this study, we investigated the day and night periodic effects of 24,25(OH)2D3, Copper (II) as CuCl2 and [Cu(II)-24,25(OH)2D3] complex on cerebral and renal alkaline phosphatase (APA) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) activities in hypophysectomized (Hx) rats in which vitamin D3 metabolism is disturbed. During the day and night, cerebral APA and g?GT activities were higher in Hx rats than in intact (I) rodents APA: –36% and 38% respectively; p < .01; γ-GT: –19% and 29% respectively; p < .01) while renal markers levels were lowered (APA: –16% and 21% respectively; p < .05; γ-GT: –11% and –31% respectively; p < .01). Hx rats were more sensitive to secosteroïs effects at night. In both organs, the complex stimulated mostly APA activity at night, and in our experimental conditions, it was more efficient on renal APA activity during the rodents active period. In conclusion, the effects of 24,25(OH)2D3, CuCl2 and [Cu(II)-24,25(OH)2D3] complex on APA and γ-GT where quite different during day time and night time and this could be explained on the basis of rythmic changes in biological susceptibility to chemical molecules in rats.

Acute oral gallium arsenide exposure and changes in certain hematological, hepatic, renal and immunological indices at different time intervals in male Wistar rats

Male albino rats were given a single oral dose of gallium arsenide (GaAs) (100, 200 or 500 mg/kg). Erythrocyte δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity was inhibited in all the three GaAs-exposed groups accompanied by elevated urinary excretion of ALA. A significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase ( γ-GT) was observed. A significant increase in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in hepatic glutathione contents were also noted. Renal alkaline phosphatase activity, urinary ALA and protein excretion increased significantly on GaAs exposure. These changes were accompanied by significant alterations in almost all the immunological variables, with an increase in gallium and arsenic concentration in blood and soft tissues. While most of the above biochemical alterations were prominent at day 7 following single exposure to 200 and 500 mg/kg GaAs, most of the immunological indices altered with all the three doses and remained high even at day 21. The results suggest only a moderate effect of GaAs on renal and hepatic tissues. By contrast, immunological and haematological systems are the most vulnerable to the toxic effects of GaAs.

Biochemical and immunotoxicological alterations following repeated gallium arsenide exposure and their recoveries by meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and 2,3-dimercaptopropane 1-sulfonate administration in rats

Efficacy of two analogues of British anti-lewisite (BAL), meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and 2,3-dimercaptopropane 1-suffonate (DMPS), in depleting arsenic and gallium concentration of blood and other soft tissues, in restoring altered blood, liver and renal biochemical variables and some immunlogical indices were investigated in male rats exposed to multiple doses of gallium arsenide (GaAs). The results indicate that exposure to gallium arsenide produced a significant inhibition of blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, an increase in urinary ALA excretion and blood zinc protoporphyrin level. Blood glutathione (GSH) contents also decreased on GaAs exposure. No influence of GaAs however, on serum transminase activity or hepatic GSH contents was noticed, although, renal alkaline phosphatase activity decreased significantly on GaAs exposure. Further, a marked influence of GaAs administration on immunological variables like relative thymus and spleen weight, spleen cellularity, antibody forming cell (AFC) response to sheep RBC and delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) was observed. These data indicate that multiple exposure to GaAs may produce an adverse effect on the haematopoietic, renal and immune system. Further, post exposure treatment with two thiols, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane 1-sulfonate (DMPS), DMPS proved more effective than DMSA in producing an effective reversal of altered immunological variables and reducing arsenic concentration of spleen, liver, kidney and blood. Biochemical variables, on the other hand, responded less favorably to the treatment of DMSA or DMPS except for a significant recovery in the activity of blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) following DMSA administration. The results suggest that DMPS could be an effective chelating drug for reversing most of the GaAs induced immunological alterations and reducing tissue arsenic burden.

Annual variations of cerebral and renal alkaline phosphatase and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activities in rats

Abstract This work was undertaken to study annual variations of cerebral and renal enzymatic markers in rats. Cerebral γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase activity levels presented two peaks: in June and December (+167%, p<0,05),with minima in February and April (0%), and a mean of 89%. Cerebral alkaline phosphatase activity was highest in June (+125%, p<0,05) and lowest in February (000%) and a mean of 52%. Renal γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase activity was highest from June to August (+125%, p<0.05) and lowest in February (000%) and a mean of 79%. Whereas renal alkaline phosphatase activity peaked in October (+28%, p<0.05) with a minimum in August (000%) and a mean of 16%. These variations could be related to an endogenous oscillator, the melatonin pulsatile secretion and to different levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 during the whole year.

Indirect and lactation-associated changes in renal alkaline phosphatase of newborn rats prenatally exposed to cadmium chloride.

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with physiological saline solution (vehicle) or cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at 2.5 mg kg-1 body wt. on days 8, 10, 12 and 14 of gestation. Offspring were examined for renal alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) on postnatal days (PND) 3 and 12, and for kidney metallothionein (MTh) and for liver, kidney and entire gastrointestinal tract 109Cd content at birth and on PND 3 and 12. No effects were observed on neonatal survival or on body, liver and kidney weights of pups up to PND 12. Newborns born and fed by mothers exposed to CdCl2 during pregnancy exhibited a significant decrease in ALP activity on PND 3. Conversely, no significant changes were observed in newborns lactated by surrogate non-treated mothers. Renal MTh increased with age but was not influenced by maternal treatment. Traces of 109Cd were present in the liver at birth (5-7 ng). Thereafter, 109Cd was mainly found in the gastrointestinal tract of newborns lactated by their biological mothers (610-690 ng on PND 12), with a marginal uptake in the liver (10-12 ng on PND 12). 109Cd was not detectable in the kidneys at any age (less than 4 ng). These results show that prenatal exposure to Cd cannot be the sole aetiological agent in the induction of the subtle and transitory changes in renal biochemistry observed in offspring born and fed by female rats intraperitoneally injected with 2.5 mg CdCl2 kg-1 body wt. on days 8, 10, 12 and 14 of gestation. The results also contradict the role of a direct effect on the kidney.

Renal alkaline phosphatase and osmoregulatory adaptations in amphibians—I. Seasonal variations and action of an antidiuretic hormone (AVT)

1. 1. The biochemical assay of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity was achieved in the kidney of Triturus cristatus adult specimens treated with arginine vasotocin (AVT) and prolactin (PRL). 2. 2. In normal animals the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the terrestrial phase is almost half that in the aquatic phase. 3. 3. AVT treatment consistently elicited a marked reduction in the enzyme activity. 4. 4. No change in renal alkaline phosphatase activity was induced by PRL treatment in terrestrial animals.

Quantitative cytochemical responses to exogenously administered calcitonins in rat kidney and bone cells

Time- and dose-dependent changes in intracellular enzyme activities in kidney and bone from rats injected with calcitonin have been assessed by quantitative cytochemistry. The doses of salmon calcitonin given were similar to those suggested in the Pharmacopoeial rat hypocalcaemia bioassay (1–50 mIU/50 g body weight). The highest doses produced 30% inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity, maximal within 20 min after injection, in cells of renal proximal tubules and a stimulation of calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity in kidney cortical and outer medullary cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the periosteal bone cells was markedly inhibited at the lowest doses. When doses of human and porcine calcitonins were given which would be equipotent with that of salmon calcitonin in the rat hypocalcaemia bioassay, the effect of the non-mammalian peptide on renal alkaline phosphatase activity was relatively greater than that of the mammalian peptides. Oxidized human calcitonin did not inhibit renal alkaline phosphatase activity even when an amount equivalent to 10 times the highest dose of the unmodified peptide was injected.

A morphological and histochemical evaluation of sexual dimorphism in androgen-insensitive pseudohermaphroditic mice.

AbstractExamination of the morphology in the submandibular salivary gland, adrenal gland and renal cortex of androgen‐insensitive, tfm/ Y mutant mice has revealed predominantly female characteristics. A sexual dimorphism in alkaline‐phosphatase (AP) activity was seen in the submandibular salivary gland of this strain of mice; the AP activity in the mutants was similar to females. There was no dimorphism in renal AP activity.

Sodium and potassium metabolism in the new ( Triturus cristatus carnifex L.). IV. Investigations on hypophysectomized males bearing an adenohypophysial heterotopic chronic autograf

Changes in electrolyte metabolism and in renal alkaline phosphatase activity have been investigated in hypophysectomized male newts bearing an adenohypophysial heterotopic chronic autograft. After 4 months the neurohypophysis had regenerated and the interrenal glands showed conspicuous alterations as compared with control animals. In addition the following results were obtained in the operated animals: a significant increase in muscle water content; a significant increase in muscle sodium content; a decrease in muscle potassium content, which was statistically significant only when related to wet weight; no significant changes in total net sodium and potassium exchange; a significant decrease in renal alkaline phosphatase activity. These findings suggest that the release of neurohypophysial hormones in the hypophysectomized newts with an adenohypophysial autograft was almost normal, that glucocorticoid secretion decreased and that mineralocorticoid secretion may have increased. Normal release of mineralocorticoids, inadequately counterbalanced by glucocorticoids, is also a possibility.