Removing and recovering nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from water is essential to prevent eutrophication and support sustainable development. Flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a promising electrosorption technology often used to remove and recover charged ions from wastewater. This study presents an FCDI system using Mg(OH)2/BC as a flow electrode in a short-circuit closed-cycle (SCC) mode, enhancing the simultaneous removal and recovery of NH4+ and phosphate ions through struvite formation. Results show improved removal of NH4+ and phosphate ions at an optimal Mg(OH)2 amount (M−BC−0.336) and an initial influent pH of 8. The NH4+ and phosphate ions adsorbed into the flow electrode solution can react with Mg2+ ions released from the electrode material, resulting in the formation of struvite nanowires on the surface of the electrode material. This process reduces the back-diffusion effect of NH4+ and phosphate ions, thereby enhancing the performance of FCDI in removing N and P. In actual domestic sewage treatment, the system achieves high removal efficiency for N (64.6 %) and P (87.3 %) while consuming low energy (0.46 kWh/kg for NH4+-N and 4.1 kWh/kg for PO43−-P). Our study demonstrates an efficient method for removing and recovering N and P from wastewater while producing struvite-rich biochar.
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