Turbidity Removal Rate Research Articles

Micro-Flocculation - Film Processing Technology in Dealing with Beer Sterilized Wastewater

In order to improve beer sterilization effect of wastewater treatment, reduce the heat load of the sterilization wastewater on subsequent water treatment processes. In this paper, through optimizing transformation developed micro-flocculation -membrane treatment processes. Screening for the identification of inorganic polymeric aluminum ferric chloride flocculants as the technology. The best dosage was 15mg / L, the field test to verify the craft beer sterilized wastewater treatment effect. The results show that, micro flocculation membrane treatment process in the water after treatment of COD and turbidity removal rate is respectively 76% and 98%. To illustrate the use of this technology in the treatment of beer sterilizing water without two stage filtration, can effectively recycling sterilized wastewater.

Application of activated sludge process followed by physical-chemical processes in the treatment of industrial saline effluent for reuse

The treatment of complex effluent with high salinity and sometimes with toxicity rates from a chemical plant is investigated. Two reactors were monitored continuously: control reactor R1 and reactor R2 adapted for saline effluent with 25h-HRT. The adaptation process to saline effluent (0 - 100%) was effective in removing COD and N-NH4 + , respectively with 70 and 85% efficiency. After adaptation, the sequence coagulation/flocculation (40 mg L -1 PAC coagulant and 0.3 mg L -1 cationic polymer), rapid downflow sand filter (120 m 3 m -2 day) and reverse osmosis to obtain water for reuse was analyzed. Results obtained by coagulation/flocculation and sand filter sequence were satisfactory, mainly with the removal rates of turbidity at 50-65 and 98%, respectively. Average removals of 91, 87, 98 and 98% were obtained for COD, N-NH4 + , TOC and Cl - , respectively, in reverse osmosis, with all parameters below the limits for

Optimization of coagulant for raw water in Ganjiang River in winter

The paper aims to determine the optimal coagulant for raw water in the Ganjiang River during the winter. To explore their removal effect on turbidity and organic matters, respectively, by using FeCl3, Al2 (SO4)3, polyaluminum chloride, and polymeric aluminum ferric chloride as coagulant, there has been a total of six-jar test conducted. It was discovered that the removal rates of turbidity and organic maters vary a lot according to different raw water quality.

Direct red 81 dye removal by a continuous flow electrocoagulation/flotation reactor

Direct red 81 (DR 81) dye removal by electrocoagulation /flotation process using aluminum electrode was studied in a continuous electrochemical reactor. The designed reactor includes an electrochemical cell and a sludge separation cell. The effect of operating parameters such as current density and inlet flow rate (Q) on the dye, COD, suspended concentration (SS) and turbidity removal and aluminum dissolution rate were studied and the electrical energy consumption was calculated. The EC formed sludge has been investigated and the influence of current density and inlet flow rate on it has been studied. It was found that the increasing of the current density up to 200A/m2 had increased the dye removal efficiency and the optimum inlet flow rate for EC process was the minimum at 10l/h and it has increased the electrical energy consumption. Current efficiency (Faradic yield) was strongly depending on flow rates and current densities. SEEC was proportionally independent of the inlet flow rate. On the contrary a decrease in the electrical energy consumption EEC is observed when the inlet flow rate increases. Despite the increasing of the inlet flow rate, the specific electrical energy consumption remained at 52–58kWh/kg Al at 150A/m2. The total formed sludge was corresponding with increasing applied current density.

Experimental Studies on Enhanced Coagulation of Tail Water

Traditional wastewater treatment methods can no longer remove effectively nitrogen and phosphorus that are the direct murderers of water eutrophication hazard. Enhanced coagulation method was adopted to improve the treatment effect by dosing suitable coagulants and coagulant aids. The raw water was from the reclaimed water in a University. TP and ammonia nitrogen removal of the water had been researched through an enhanced coagulation process with dosing ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, polymeric ferric chloride, and poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) in this study. The coagulants effects were estimated by determining the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, TP, COD and turbidity. When dosing the raw water with 80 mg/L PAC, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, TP, COD and turbidity are respectively 6.12%, 67.79%, 26.21%, 85.41%. The experimental results can be used as a reference of water treatment in the reclaimed water station.

Optimization of Operating Conditions on Ceramic Printing Wastewater Treatment with Coagulation and Sedimentation Method

The ceramic printing wastewater was treated with coagulation sedimentation method by adopted AlCl3 polymerization (PAC) as a coagulant. In order to optimize the wastewater treatment of operating conditions, with absorbance, turbidity and conductivity for testing index, the PAC dosing quantity, stirring time, stirring intensity and influx water pH value on the influence of the wastewater treatment. The results show that the wastewater absorbance and turbidity with PAC dosing quantity increase, mixing time extension and stirring intensity increase present reduced trend, with the water pH increases present first decreases trend of increase; Proper operating conditions of wastewater treatment: PAC dosing quantity 90 mg/L, mixing time 15 min, mixing strength medium speed and influx water pH value is about seven. On this condition, ceramic printing wastewater treatment of effluent decolorization rate reached 86.9%, turbidity removal rate reached 92.5%, conductivity is 2.05 x 103 s/cm.

混凝–超滤工艺与传统工艺除污性能的比较

本文采用混凝–超滤工艺处理微污染原水，考察工艺除污性能，并与传统工艺进行比较。试验表明：在最佳工艺组合参数条件下，超滤膜对浊度的去除率为95.61%，对CODMn的去除率为40.42%，对UV254的去除率为37.12%；除在低温低浊期超滤膜出水UV254效果较差外，其他水质期超滤膜各出水水质指标效果均优于传统工艺。 This paper investigated the decontamination performances on the treatment of micropolluted raw water by applying coagulation-ultrafiltration technology and compared this technology with the traditional process. The results showed that under the best combination of process parameters, the removal rates of turbidity, CODMn and UV254 by ul- trafiltration were 95.61%, 40.42%, and 37.12% respectively. Water quality index of ultrafiltration was better than that of the traditional process, except that effluent of membrane UV254 effect was poor under low temperature and low turbid-ity.

Internal Electrolysis Intensified by Microwave for the Treatment of Nitrobenzene – Containing Wastewater

Treatment of nitrobenzene-containing wastewater was carried out by iron-carbon internal electrolysis and microwave and its degradation mechanism was investigated. The parameters is found in the process of treating nitrobenzene-containing wastewater. The experimental results showed that the microwave intensified the internal electrolysis effect of iron-carbon and the existence of iron was beneficial to the regeneration of activated carbon. Under the optimized electrolysis conditions as follows: iron dosage was 175g, molar ratio of Fe to C was 3, pH was 3, microwave power was 640W, irradiation time was 4 min and aeration amount was 2.5L/min, the removal rates of CODcr, chroma and turbidity were 94.7 %, 95.6 % and 90.3 %, respectively.

The Treatment of Shenzhen Coastal Polluted Water by Composites of Bio- Flocculants -Bacteria-Algae

The polluted coastal water of Shenzhen Bay was treated with composites of active materials, bacteria and algae as well as combinations of two or three of these composites. The water quality was then examined after 10 days with a focus on 8 parameters, including dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended substances (SS), turbidity (Turbidity), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and harmful marine vibrio. The results showed that the water quality was dramatically improved and the levels of harmful marine vibrio were significantly reduced after the treatment with the combination of active materials, bacteria and algae. The three composites can improve the rate of DO by 89.08% and had the highest removal rates of NH4+- N, TN, TP, COD and harmful marine vibrio (HMV), at 92.59%, 94.05%, 90.05%, 94.12% and 98.21%, respectively. However, the removal rates of SS and turbidity were the highest for the treatment with active materials compound with bacteria, at 95% and 92.69%, respectively. The combination of the three composites clearly had the best treatment effect for the restoration of polluted coastal waters. This study established solid theoretical and practical foundations to control coastal pollution and restore the coastal ecology.

Flocculation Performance of Trimethoxysilane Modified Polymer Flocculant for Wastewater from Effluent A/O Bioreactor

A Trimethoxysilane modified polymer flocculant (PMCAD) was synthesized and applied in wastewater from effluent A/O bioreactor. The turbidity removal, color removal and zeta potential of flocculant PMCAD were determined through the treatment of coking wastewater from A/O bioreactor. Results showed that flocculant PMCAD was more efficient for turbidity removal than that of PAM. The largest removal rates of turbidity and color were 94.44 % and 67.78 % respectively at the dosage PMCAD of 200 mg/L at pH 7. the zeta potential of flocs for coking wastewater increased as the PMCAD dosage increased from 100 to 600 mg/L at pH 7.

Research on the Implementation and Analysis of High-Turbidity Raw Water for Particle Pre-Treatment with a Barrier Board

In this research, the raw water presenting turbidity was sampled to simulate the change of the water quality. A barrier board was used to extend the flowing route and the level change of the overflow; carry out the pre-treatment of high-turbidity raw water. Particle detention time and the average flowing speed analyzed as well for comparing the removal effect with that in the physical field. The particle detention time is as follows: At 4-141 min, the operating time can be shortened; when this is less than 90 min, the effluent still can maintain a 50-88% turbidity removal rate and the water quality of the effluent can even drop to 530 NTU. During the test, most of the average flowing speed was within the operating scope of the rectangular Sedimentation Basin for which the removal rate was 61%-93% and the effluent turbidity was below 1,000 NTU and even up to the optimal 380 NTU. A total of 3 items meet the operating requirements of the Inclinometer Sedimentation Basin, presenting a 54%-72% removal rate and 1,000-1,650 NTU of effluent turbidity; and one item exceeds the operating requirements of the Inclinometer Sedimentation Basin, presenting a lowered 1,900 NTU of effluent turbidity from 3,800 NTU and a 50% removal rate. Large-size particles exist in the high-turbidity raw water, which tends to settle under the gravity effect during after a long-route flowing journey. For example, the turbidity of the influent is 4,300-5,300 NTU which was reduced to 920-750 NTU after the pre-treatment experiment presenting a 79-86% or higher removal rate.

Research on the Implementation and Analysis of High-Turbidity Raw Water Pre-Treatment with a Barrier Board

The purpose of this Research is to simulate the water quality of varied High-turbidity Raw Water at different depths under the water’s surface. During the experiment, a Barrier Board was used to extend the flowing route and to change the overflow level for carrying out the pre-treatment of High-turbidity Raw Water through the changes of varied flow rates in order to study the changes and the removal rate of the turbidity for the influent and effluent; with the settled bottom mud surveyed, the operating requirements of the Surface Overflow Rate (SOR). The experimental result indicated that the turbidity of High-turbidity Water can be reduced by means of an inertia restrained flow, extending the flowing route and heightening the overflow level. The results indicated that the turbidity of the effluent was mostly between 380-1,000 NTU in presenting an over 50% removal rate and even up to 93%. When the SOR of the Sedimentation Basin is set at 19.l m/d, a 54-86% turbidity removal rate can be achieved; whereas, a 50-72% removal rate can be achieved when set at 38.3 m/ d. It has indicated that a significant effect could be achieved for turbidity treatment by employing the properties of high-turbidity substances and the convenient physical theory of gravity settling. As such, a visible removal effect could be achieved to exhibit the effect of pre-treatment.

Coagulation/Ultrafiltration Process for Treatment of Da Huofang Reservoir Water in Low Temperature and Low Turbidity Period

The treatment efficiency of Da Huofang Reservoir water in low temperature and low turbidity period by Coagulation/Ultrafiltration process was investigated in pilot study, and the water quality treated by the process was compared with that by the traditional treatment process. When coagulant dosage is 30 mg/L, the average removal rates of turbidity, CODMn and UV254 were 89.2%, 47.3% and 52.8% respectively in the coagulation/ultrafiltration process, and the treatment efficiency was obviously superior to the traditional process. In the study of operation parameters optimization for Coagulation/Ultrafiltration process, the optimum membrane flux was determined that was 50 L/m2h. The cleaning membrane water was treated by coagulation sedimentation process, and the quality of effluent was good which was mixed with raw water for reuse, and the experiment indicated that this method did not affect the stable operation of Coagulation/Ultrafiltration process, eventually the water recycling rate was improved from 89% to 96.5%.

Experimental Study of Ultrafiltration of Eutrophicated Source Water in Combination with Sand Filter and Biological Contact Oxidation

The experiments of ultrafiltration of Taihu Lake water with sand filter and water- dropping aeration biological contact oxidation combinations were evaluated. The experiment results showed that under the conditions of the average water temperature was 19.8°C and the HRT of the biological contact oxidation was 1.5h, the removal rates of turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, CODMn and algae by technological purification process were 99.1%, 85.2%, 53.6% and 98.7% respectively. As a comparison, the removal rates of turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, CODMn, algae, UV254 by routine purification process respectively were 96.6%, 16.3%, 35.8% and 95.5% separately in Wuxi Chongshan waterworks at the same water temperature. Under the conditions of approximately equivalent in investment and running expenditure by technological and economical analyses, the efficiency of technological purification process was higher than that of routine purification process.

Coagulation of arsenic adsorbed ferrihydrite with the use of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) or polyferric sulfate (PFS)

Ferrihydrite is effective in arsenic removal because of the considerable amount of active hydroxyl groups. Solid–liquid separation of the arsenic adsorbed ferrihydrite from aqueous solution is important for the arsenic treatment technology. Coagulation is a promising process for ferrihydrite separation. Effects of different coagulants on arsenic adsorbed ferrihydrite settlement were investigated. Surface charge significantly decreased after arsenic was adsorbed on ferrihydrite. Turbidity, iron and arsenic removal efficiencies were used to characterize the ferrihydrite settling process. Turbidity removal efficiency with polyferric sulfate (PFS) added was 98.2% when pH was 5.0. Meanwhile, the turbidity removal rate with polyaluminium chloride (PAC) added was 96.3–97.3% when the pH of colloidal suspensions was 7.0–9.0. Arsenic or iron removal rate after 30 min settling was improved from about 40 to 80% with coagulants added. The mean size of flocs after coagulation process was 61.8μm after PFS was added, or 71.6μm after PAC was added when the pH was 6.5. The floc structure of ferrihydrite became more compact and stable with PAC or PFS added.

Preparation and Application Study on the Coalmine Wastewater Flocculant - PAM/OMMT

The modified polyacrylamide/organic montmorillonite (PAM/OMMT) flocculant was prepared by in-situ intercalation polymerization with acrylamide monomer and OMMT under CO2 inert atmosphere. The OMMT was synthesized with MMT and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as intercalation agent by cationic exchange reaction. This flocculant was used to deal with coalmine wastewater. The effects of the flocculant dose on turbidity removal rate and settling time, the influent of pH value, temperature on turbidity removal rate and the comparison with PAM was studied. Experimental results show that PAM/OMMT is a kind of high efficient compound flocculating agent, the formation of hydrophobic micro in polymer surface area has strong adsorption ability and dispersing capability. Then MMT increased the quality of flocculant body so that flocculating settling time is shorter. Its turbidity removal rate can be as high as 95.5%. Compared with PAM, PAM/OMMT presents many advantages with higher turbidity removal rate, higher settling velocity, lower relatively sludge water content and lower sensitivity of temperature and pH in wastewater treatment process. Flocculant dosage in 10 to 20 mg/L is the optimal flocculation condition. Sludge water content treated by PAM/OMMT (63.4%) is relatively lower than PAM (80.2%).

The Flocculating Properties of Cationic-Starch-Graft-Polyacrylamide and its Nano Magnetic Modified Product

A series of Cationic-Starch-graft-Polyacrylamide (CP) copolymers have been synthesized in salt solution system under microwave radiation and modified by Nano magnetic Fe3O4 (NMCP). The two products were prepared as flocculants for coking wastewater treatment. The impact of CP dosage, NMCP dosage, PFS dosage, CTAB dosage and pH on flocculating effects was investigated. The result indicated that CP and NMCP could obviously improve flocculation performance without adjusting pH of wastewater. The optimal conditions were CP dosage 3 mg/L, NMCP dosage 20 mg/L, PFS dosage 1.2 g/L, CTAB dosage 60 mg/L. Under such circumstances, the removal rates of turbidity (NTU), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and colortity were 95.24%, 57.69% and 89.06%, respectively.

Study on Influence Factors in Flocculation Conditions of Bioflocculant

0.5g/L of kaolin suspension was took as the sample for coagulation. The jar test was adopted to examine the effects of the Compound Bioflocculant (CBF) dosage, hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and the CaCl2 dosage as coagulation aid on the removal efficiency of turbidity. The experimental results showed that CBF had an effective performance with dosage of 4-5mg/L in the alkalescence environment. The optimal conditions for the removal efficiency of turbidity by CBF were the dosage of 4ml/L and pH of 7.5. CBF added coagulation aid(CaCl2) could play effect of flocculation. Adding 1.0ml / L of 10% concentration solution of CaCl2 could achieve the best flocculation effect. Temperature had minimal impact on the removal efficiency of turbidity , it indicated that the removal rate of turbidity at low temperatures was not obviously influenced.

Pilot Study of Yangtze River Water Treatment in the Winter by Sludge Return

Abstract. In order to optimize the dosage and improve the coagulation effect when Yangtze river with low temperature and low turbidity was treated by conventional treatment in the winter, pilot study of enhanced conventional treatment was conducted by dosing two coagulant respectively and returning sludge in sedimentation tank to flocculant tank, so the optimal ratio of sludge return and the impacts of sludge return on effluent turbidity in sedimentation tank and the remove effect of CODMnwas discussed. The results indicates that the optimal sludge return ratio for Yangtze river in winter is 8%. Under 8% sludge return ratio ,the dosage is reduced from 12mg/L (under no sludge return) to 3mg/L~6 mg/L, and dosage is saved 50%~75%. When dosing respectively 3mg/L~6 mg/L composite coagulant and 3mg/L~6 mg/L polymeric aluminum chloride, it can make average effluent turbidity in sedimentation tank decrease to 3.7NTU~2.4 NTU ,8.1NTU~4..4 NTU respectively and the average removal rate of turbidity and CODMncan reach up to 94.3%~96.3%, 89.9%~94.5%,30.8%~39%,32.5%~38.6% respectively, so the requirement of effluent turbidity in sediment tank is met. Comparing to the treatment effect under no sludge return condition, sludge return can not only improve the treatment effect but also reduce the dosage greatly.

Experimental Study on the Treatment of Low Concentration Domestic Sewage in a Zeolite Biological Aerated Filter

The present paper describes the performance and the feasibility of the zeolite biological aerated filter applied to treat the low concentration sewage as recalaimed water reuse as cooling tower make-up water in the thermal power plant. The result showed that average removal rate of COD, turbidity and ammonia was 79%, 86% and 50% respectively, under the conditions of hydraulic loading L=4.4m3/m2•h, gas-water ratio=2:1, HRT=0.63h, t=8.5~14.5oC and backwashing in 48 hours. The average concentration of COD, turbidity and ammonia in effluent was 13.0mg/l, 4.2NTU and 1.95mg/l, respectively. The effluent quality met the water quality standards of the reuse of urban recycling water-water quality standard for industrial uses GB/T19923-2005.