Removal Of Various Pollutants Research Articles

Fabrication of metal‐organic frameworks macro-structures for adsorption applications in water treatment: A review

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging porous organic–inorganic hybrid materials composed of metal centers/clusters and various organic ligands, which are widely used in water and wastewater treatment applications due to their large specific surface area, high porosity, tunable chemical properties and abundant active sites. However, pure MOFs powders have limitations such as poor recovery, blocked pipelines and secondary contamination in practical water treatment processes. Enabling the magnetization of MOFs or immobilizing MOFs as macroscopic MOFs materials offers new opportunities to improve solid–liquid separation performances of powdered MOFs. Besides, macroscopic MOFs materials with outstanding adsorption performance and mechanical properties by the combining of 3D particles and 2D nanosheets MOFs with other substrates are widely used for water treatment. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in MOFs macro-structures. We firstly summarized the synthesis strategies of magnetic MOFs composites and various MOFs macro-structures such as hydrogels/aerogels, membranes, beads/spheres, others composites, etc. which can be constructed by various methods, including in-situ growth, solvothermal method, direct mixing, self-assembly, layer-by-layer growth, etc. Innovative preparation strategies to improve the mechanical properties of MOFs macro-structures were highlighted. Next the article discusses its application for adsorptive removal of various pollutants (i.e., dyes, heavy metal ions, oils and organic pollutants) from water. Finally, the challenges of macroscopic MOFs materials and their practical applications are presented, while future research directions to overcome these existing limitations are also pointed out.

Attenuation Effect of Azolla spp. on Lambda-Cyhalothrin Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms.

Wetlands play a crucial role in providing valuable ecosystem services, including the removal of various pollutants. In agricultural basins, wetlands are exposed to agrochemical loads. This study aims to assess the attenuation effect of the ubiquitous macrophyte Azolla spp. on the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin to sensitive aquatic organisms. An indoor mesocosm experiment was conducted to compare the concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin at different time points after pesticide application in vegetated and unvegetated treatments, including a control without pesticide addition. Toxicity tests were performed throughout the experiment on three organisms: a fish (Cnesterodon decemmaculatus), a macroinvertebrate (Hyalella curvispina), and an amphibian (Boana pulchella). The results demonstrated that lambda-cyhalothrin concentration and toxicity in water were significantly lower in the Azolla spp. treatment. Furthermore, the half-life of lambda-cyhalothrin decreased from 1.2days in the unvegetated treatment to 0.4days in the vegetated treatment. The vegetated treatment also resulted in a significantly lower mortality rate for both H. curvispina and C. decemmaculatus. However, no mortality was observed in B. pulchella for any of the treatments. Sublethal effects were observed in this organism, such as lateral bending of the tail and impairment of the ability to swim, which were attenuated in the vegetated treatment. We conclude that Azolla spp. can effectively reduce the concentration and toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin, suggesting its potential use in farm-scale best management practices to mitigate the effects of pesticide loads from adjacent crops.

Biochar-mediated removal of various pollutants from the environment

Abstract The growing concern regarding various environmentally hazardous pollutants has arisen due to their potential hazards to public health. Managing ecological concerns has become a pressing global priority. The utilisation of biochar in wastewater treatment to remove various hazardous substances impeded by its limited adsorption capacity, despite its low cost and good effectiveness. To enhance the efficiency of biochar in eliminating multiple pollutants, mixed methods have been used to change biochar and give it different physical and chemical properties; this results in distinctive adsorption outcomes, behaviours, and mechanisms. This study comprehensively analyses the efficient techniques, impacts, and mechanisms of modified biochar in eliminating hazardous substances, such as emerging contaminants, in the ecosystem. Modified biochar has enhanced efficacy in removing these substances, with removal processes mainly using adsorption and catalytic degradation pathways. Future endeavours should prioritise the development of uniform assessment standards for cost, efficacy, and environmental hazards while utilising emerging technologies to expand the potential uses of modified biochar to remove emerging contaminants.

The Using of Plain PAC and PAC Impregnated with MgO and Fe2O3 as Catalysts for the Degradation of Cationic Dyes: Homogenous and Heterogeneous Ozonation

This study presented the removal of methylene blue in the batch system based on catalytic ozonation (heterogeneous and homogenous). The effect of variables such as initial MB (methylene blue)concentration, initial pH of solution (3-11), contact time (5-40 min), and catalyst dosage on homogeneous and heterogeneous ozonation systems was examined. The findings of the research showed that dye removal was better in alkaline conditions. The amount of dye removed in acidic conditions was slightly better than in neutral conditions (approximately 10% to 15%). In addition, the removal efficiency of dye was decreased by increasing of concentration. Besides, as the amount of catalyst (dosage) increased, the removal efficiency of MB had been increased by 40%. Due to the use of catalyst, the significant difference was between the use of two processes of single ozonation processes (SOP) and catalytic ozonation processes (COPs). The results indicated thatMB degradation in COPs was several times faster (approximately 4.7 times). It was due to the numerous advantages of these processes in the removal of environmental pollutants, they can be widely used in the removal of various pollutants if their cost can be reduced.

Boron removal by iron-aluminum combined anodes from fracturing flowback fluid: Advantages and mechanisms

During the process of oilfield wastewater reuse, residual Boron in fracturing flowback fluid will lead to premature crosslinking with gelling agents, resulting in excessive viscosity at the front end of the fracturing fluid configuration. This phenomenon has heavily influenced the reuse of wastewater. Electrocoagulation (EC), as an effective approach to decreasing Boron concentration, has been widely studied, while further research of Boron removal from complicated wastewater is required to optimize. EC parameters were investigated to explore the optimal Boron removal effect of Fe, Al and Fe-Al three combined anodes. Under 46.3–57.2 mA/cm2, 90 min and pH of 9, Fe-Al anodes exhibit the best effect of Boron removal (84% ± 1.5%). Furthermore, high adaptive capacity of low current density and suitable pH confirm the best choice of Fe-Al combined anodes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrate the complexation between Boron and metallic oxide. Finally, the common removal of various pollutants including Ca, Cl, K and Na further conduces to the reuse of oil wastewater.

The enhanced photocatalytic reduction of U(VI) on MoS2/g-C3N4 in the presence of Cr(VI) and tetracycline

The synergistic removal of various pollutants is the challenge of environmental remediation due to mutual interference. The effect of Cr(VI) and tetracycline (TC) on photocatalytic reduction of U(VI) by MoS2/g-C3N4 was investigated by batch and spectroscopic techniques. The high adsorption of U(VI) on MoS2/g-C3N4 and the negative influence of photo-irradiation on U(VI) removal at pH 4.5 were observed. The batch experiments showed that the presence of TC and Cr(VI) improved the photoreduction of U(VI), whereas photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI) and TC were not influenced significantly. The adsorbed U(VI) was primarily photo-reduced into U(IV), while U(IV) was re-oxidized into U(VI) with further increasing irradiation by XPS analysis. According to quenching experiments, photo-degradation of TC was attributed to photogenerated holes, while the photo-reduction of Cr(VI) and U(VI) were due to •O2− and •OH radicals, respectively. These findings are crucial for the application of g-C3N4-bearing composites in the synergistic removal of radionuclide, heavy metal and organic at actual environmental cleanup.

The difference between bioelectricity and direct current on the simultaneous removal of antibiotics and nitrogen in constructed wetlands

Given its advantages in terms of high efficiency and low energy consumption, bioelectrochemistry - integrated constructed wetlands (BEC-CWs) have been applied widely in the various pollutant removal. However, the study on the synchronous removal performance, difference and molecular mechanism of various pollutants in different BEC-CWs is limited. This study explored the difference of performance and mechanisms on the antibiotics and nitrogen simultaneous removal by microbial fuel cell - integrated CW (MFC-CW) and direct current - integrated CW (EC-CW). Results showed that MFC-CW and EC-CW were all performed better ofloxacin (OFLO) removal (>99 %), where the biodegradation was the key contributor (91.00–94.70 %). The MFC can better promote the substrate adsorption, while EC was more conducive to improve plant uptake for OFLO removal in CWs. MFC-CW (78.86 ± 11.61 %) performed better total nitrogen removal than EC-CW (58.84 ± 12.86 %). The anammox gene (107 ∼ 108 copies·g−1) played an important role in the nitrogen removal. The denitrification performance of BEC-CWs was inhibited due to OFLO addition, especially in EC-CW. MFC-CW inhibited the quinolone resistance genes generation and improved nitrogen removal efficiency by increasing the abundances of related microorganisms. The bioelectricity can improve the microbial diversity in CWs compared to direct current. The OFLO degradation in EC-CW were initiated with defluorination, dealkylation, decarboxylation, and opening of piperazinyl ring, while it was defluorination, dealkylation, and decarboxylation in MFC-CW. EC-CW tended to increase the membrane transport and signal transduction, while MFC tended to improve organic compound metabolism and nitrogen transformation. These findings provide new insights into the difference between bioelectricity and direct current on the synchronous removal of various pollutants in the constructed wetlands.

Enhancing removal of pollutants from pharmaceutical wastewater using ferrites in Membrane Bioreactor: A promising technology for environmental sustainability

Industrial wastewater contains various toxic and hazardous pollutants that require effective treatment to meet environmental regulations. In recent years, silver-doped ferrites have gained attention as promising materials for the treatment of industrial wastewater in membrane bioreactor (MBR). In this abstract, we will discuss the potential of silver-doped nickel ferrite (AgNiFe2O4) and silver-doped potassium ferrite (AgKFe2O4) was synthesized by sol-gel technique for the removal of pollutants from industrial wastewater. AgNiFe2O4 and AgKFe2O4 nanoparticles have been found to be effective for the removal of various pollutants, including heavy metals, organic compounds, and dyes, from industrial wastewater. Several studies have reported the successful application of silver-doped ferrites for the treatment of industrial wastewater. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals the single phase cubic spinel structure with space group Fd-3m and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the surface morphology of the synthesized nanoferrites. The use of AgNiFe2O4 and AgKFe2O4 has been found to significantly reduce the concentration of pollutants in wastewater, making it suitable for safe discharge into the environment. Furthermore, the regeneration of silver-doped ferrites has been found to be simple and cost-effective, making them an attractive alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods. In conclusion, silver-doped nickel ferrite and silver-doped potassium ferrite have shown great potential for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater in MBR technique and ferrite materials make them promising candidates for future wastewater treatment technologies.

Activated Carbon as an Adsorbent: A Review

Activated carbon is highly porous with a large surface area for activity, thus making it highly adsorption efficient, and is usually derived from waste products. The proximate and ultimate analysis of agricultural waste material and chemical compositions such as hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin contents were also discussed. The authors reviewed chemical activators such as alkali hydroxides, KOH, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride, potassium carbonate, and NaOH used to produce activated carbon. A detailed explanation of the characterization techniques (SEM, FTIR, EDAX, BET, XRD etc.) for precursors and activated carbons are discussed. The effect of various parameters on adsorption efficiency of activated carbon is discussed. Wastewater containing different toxic dye contaminants causes serious environmental problems. Removal of various pollutants (SO2, NO2, H2S, CO2 etc.) using activated carbon were reviewed. In addition, the equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Isotherm models for the determination of constants correlated to the adsorption phenomena was reviewed.

Components Used in Microbial Fuel Cells for Renewable Energy Generation: A Review of Their Historical and Ecological Development

Abstract This review article addresses microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a renewable energy source. Microbial fuel cells are bio-electrochemical systems that use exoelectrogenic bacterial communities under anaerobic conditions to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. These systems are attracting attention due to their potential to reduce overall energy consumption, produce zero carbon emissions, and exhibit high energy density. The rapid development of renewable energy sources has increased the potential for bioenergy, particularly MFCs, to become one of the most important energy sources of the future. In addition to energy production, MFCs show potential for bioremediation and efficient removal of various pollutants. While MFC technology currently has limited application at the laboratory level, it is expected to increase in commercial use in the near future and offers great potential in the areas of renewable energy and environmental sustainability. This review article focuses on the historical and ecological development of the components used in MFCs, examining in detail their evolution and use in MFCs for renewable energy production.

Synthesis of C. Benghanlensis NiO NPs for the degradation of malachite green and the removal of bacteria

An increase in environmental pollution has affected human lives, where water scarcity due to water pollution and climate change is on the rise. The increase in the usage of dyes such as malachite green in the textile industry and bacteria has increased the different types of pollutants found in the water streams, hence the need to remove these pollutants. NiO nanoparticles (NiONPs) were formed using Commelina benghalensis plant extract as a reducing agent. These materials were characterized using PL, XRD, VSM, TGA, FTIR, UV–Vis and BET. XRD identified the phases present in the material. The phytochemicals present were detected using FTIR. UV–vis was used to analyze the material's formation and optical properties, and the bandgap was calculated to be 3.8 eV The average pore size was confirmed to be 10.44 nm, indicating that the material is mesoporous in nature. From VSM, the NiO NPs were shown to have paramagnetism and through TGA, a high thermal stability of the nanomaterial was observed. At optimum conditions (pH 3, 30 mg and 5 ppm) a 95% degradation of MG was achieved and these materials were recyclable for more than 3 times whilst maintaining a degradation of 90% and above. Testing this material using real water samples sampled from the tap, pond and sewage, the NiO material was more potent against S.aureus compared E.coli bacterial strains. These results indicate the material can be used for multifunctional removal of various pollutants.

Low-cost ceramic filter bioreactor for treatment and reuse of residential septic tank effluent: A decentralized approach for small communities

Membrane biological reactors (MBRs) have recently become widely accepted as an advanced technology for treating domestic wastewater for improved water recovery, reuse, and recycling. The present study investigated the application of a low-cost ceramic filter bioreactor (CFBR) to treat septic tank effluent for smaller communities in Saudi Arabia (KSA). Filter fouling behavior, pollutant removal, and effluent quality were assessed under varying flux (0.2, 0.4, and 0.65 m/d) and aeration on/off cycle (60 min/60 min, 40 min/80 min, 30 min/90 min, 24 h/24 h) conditions. Operating CFBR at a flux value of 0.4 m/d ensured moderate fouling propensity, reasonable flux decline, and a higher volume of treated effluent. In the continuous aeration mode experiments, CFBR demonstrated the removal of various pollutants. Except for NO3N, CFBR effectively reduced all other pollutants of concern (BOD, COD, TSS, NH3N) in the effluent to acceptable levels meeting the water quality standards for unrestricted irrigation set by the KSA. An enhanced NO3N removal at the 24 h/24 h on/off cycle, indicating the effectiveness of cyclic aeration for promoting both nitrification/denitrification in the CFBR, with sufficient removal of other pollutants, is an original finding of the present study. Simple and cost-effective operations, high-quality effluent, and reduced energy consumption with shorter aeration duration promote the sustainability of the CFBR system for wastewater reclamation and reuse in small communities and rural settlements.

Three-Dimensional Biofilm Electrode Reactors with a Triple-Layer Particle Electrode for Highly Efficient Treatment of Micro-Polluted Water Sources

Micro-polluted water, which is widespread in rural areas, poses a serious health risk. To address this issue, we propose a three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactor with triple-layer particle electrodes (TL-BERs) for the decentralized and small-scale treatment of micro-polluted water. The first and second layers of the electrode, granular activated carbon (GAC) and biological ceramsite (BC), respectively, are responsible for electric field oxidation and microbial degradation, respectively, while the third, quartz sand (QS), is responsible for further improving turbidity and pollutant removal. Our tests indicated that the TL-BER-treated effluent met the drinking water quality standards of China. At 10 V, the average turbidity, CODMn, NH4+-N, and UV254 removal rates of the TL-BERs system were 97.66%, 61.11%, 91.67%, and 72.94%, respectively. Furthermore, the intensities of the main fluorescence peaks, A, B, C, and D, of the raw water sample, decreased by 36.67%, 66.22%, 67.08%, and 69.76%, respectively, after treatment, indicating that tryptophan-like proteins, fulvic acid, and humic acid were also effectively removed. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed the enrichment of microorganisms, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, which play important roles in the removal of various pollutants. Therefore, the application of this strategy will enable the practical treatment of micro-polluted water.

USING TANGERINE PEEL AS A SORPTION MATERIALS TO REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM WATER ENVI-RONMENTS

The literature data on the use of agricultural waste, mandarin peel (Citrus reticulata) as a sorption material for the removal of various pollutants, mainly metal and metalloid ions and dyes from aqueous media, are summarized. The review, based on the analysis of various literary sources, provides information on the volume of waste generation from the processing of citrus fruits, including tangerines. Information is given on the content of various chemical compounds in the composition of tangerine peel. Ways of using mandarin peel in various branches of industrial production are shown. Information on the values ​​of the maximum sorption capacity of the peel of tangerines for pollutants is given. It has been determined that adsorption isotherms of various pollutants by tangerine peel are in most cases described by the Langmuir model, and the kinetics of the process in most cases corresponds to a pseudo-second order model. The possibility of obtaining carbonizates and activated carbons from the peel of Citrus reticulate and the use of the latter as sorbents of heavy metal ions and dyes from aqueous media is shown. It is shown that it is possible to increase the sorption parameters of tangerine peel powder and carbonizates for various pollutants by chemical modification with various reagents.

A novel pigeon waste based biochar composite for the removal of heavy metal and organic compound: Performance, products and mechanism

Recently, a large number of agricultural wastes have been extensively converted into biochar based materials, these biochar materials have been popularly employed in the removal of various pollutants from environment. Herein, a novel pigeon waste based biochar composite (FeBC) was firstly synthesized and applied for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) adsorption in water. The most relevant findings showed that FeBC exhibited a superior performance on Cr(VI) and PNP adsorption compared with pristine biochar. The Cr(VI) monolayer adsorption onto FeBC might be dominant, and Cr(VI) adsorption by FeBC was an endothermic process. Both Cr(VI) and PNP adsorption behavior were well fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, Elovich, intra-particle diffusion (IPD), liquid film diffusion kinetic (LFD) and chemical reaction models. Both the pathway of PNP degradation and mechanism for Cr(VI) and PNP adsorption over FeBC were proposed. Almost half of Cr(VI) was reduced into Cr2O3 and Cr(OH)3, both reduction and precipitation reactions might be dominant in Cr(VI) adsorption. O2•−, 1 O2 and •OH were involved in PNP removal reaction, but the contribution of •OH was small. The oxidation, π-π interaction and hydrogen bonds interactions might be involved in this PNP removal process, and PNP was oxidized to form several intermediates via hydroxylation and ring cleavage reactions. This study could provide a novel treatment strategy for the simultaneous decontamination of effluents combined with heavy metals and organic compounds in realistic remediation application.

Fabrication and application of porous materials made from coal gangue: A review

AbstractCoal gangue (CG), which is mainly generated during coal excavation, mining, and coal washing, is an industrial solid waste that is recognized as an environmental pollutant. The ever‐increasing amount of CG produced is a serious threat to the ecological environment and property safety, especially in China, which is the largest coal producer and consumer in the world. Considerable studies have investigated means for utilizing CG worldwide. This review summarizes and discusses various porous inorganic materials made from CG, including cement‐based porous materials, porous bricks, porous ceramics (cordierite and mullite) and glasses, porous geopolymers, zeolites, aerogels, and porous carbon materials. Different preparation processes and performances of each type of porous inorganic materials were reviewed. Porous CG‐based materials can be used as promising adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants and have good potential for use in construction industry as well as catalyst material applications. Besides, porous materials obtained from CG have also been tested as slow‐release fertilizers after the absorption of phosphate, as electrode materials, and as oil‐in‐water separation agents. The systematic summary of porous materials based on CG aims at promoting high‐value‐added applications for this waste. Future research directions for the use of CG as a raw material are also presented.

Polyaniline/Bi12TiO20 Hybrid System for Cefixime Removal by Combining Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation

Sillenite catalysts have shown efficient photocatalytic activity for the removal of various pollutants from water in previous studies, thus enhancing their activity by combining them with other materials will be very promising for environmental applications. In this context, an interesting hybrid system containing Polyaniline (PANI) as an adsorbent and Bi12TiO20 (BTO) sillenite as a catalyst was proposed in this work. Cefixime (CFX) has been selected as a pollutant for this study, and its removal was evaluated using PANI (adsorption), PANI and BTO (combined system) and the hybrid system Bi12TiO20/Polyaniline (BTO/PANI). First, the impact of PANI adsorption was investigated on its own; after that, the solution was filtered to separate the adsorbent from the liquid in order to re-treat the solution using photocatalysis (combining adsorption with photocatalysis). At the same time, a similar technique was used involving the hybrid system BTO/PANI. The results show that the hybrid system can remove a very high Cefixime concentration of 30 mg/L, almost 100%, within only 2 h, and this is better than previous investigations. These results indicate that it is possible to combine photocatalysis and adsorption processes to control water pollution.

Biopolymeric Fibrous Aerogels: The Sustainable Alternative for Water Remediation

The increment in water pollution due to the massive development in the industrial sector is a worldwide concern due to its impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new and sustainable alternatives for water remediation is needed. In this context, aerogels present high porosity, low density, and a remarkable adsorption capacity, making them candidates for remediation applications demonstrating high efficiency in removing pollutants from the air, soil, and water. Specifically, polymer-based aerogels could be modified in their high surface area to integrate functional groups, decrease their hydrophilicity, or increase their lipophilicity, among other variations, expanding and enhancing their efficiency as adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants in water. The aerogels based on natural polymers such as cellulose, chitosan, or alginate processed by different techniques presented high adsorption capacities, efficacy in oil/water separation and dye removal, and excellent recyclability after several cycles. Although there are different reviews based on aerogels, this work gives an overview of just the natural biopolymers employed to elaborate aerogels as an eco-friendly and renewable alternative. In addition, here we show the synthesis methods and applications in water cleaning from pollutants such as dyes, oil, and pharmaceuticals, providing novel information for the future development of biopolymeric-based aerogel.

Generation of hydroxyl radicals via activation of Cr(VI) by UVA-LED for rapid decontamination: The important role of Cr(V).

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was activated by ultraviolet-A light-emitting diode (UVA-LED), resulting in efficient removal of various pollutants, including dye, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides, with pseudo-first-order rate constants of 0.0610-0.159min-1. Comparatively, UVA-LED or Cr(VI) alone barely degraded selected pollutants. Both HO• and Cr(V) were produced in the UVA-LED/Cr(VI) system based on scavenging and probing experiments, UV-visible and electron spin resonance spectra analysis. HO• was demonstrated to be the dominant reactive species via stepwise regeneration of Cr(V) to Cr(VI). The quantum yield of HO• was determined to be 7.79×10-4 mol Es-1 at a Cr(VI) dosage of 0.5mM and pH of 6.0. Additionally, the degradation efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a model compound decreased linearly as UVA-LED wavelengths increased from 365 to 405nm, while SMX was barely degraded at visible light irradiation wavelength ranges (449-505nm). SMX degradation efficiency increased from 71.0 % to 97.5 % as Cr(VI) dosage increased from 0.05 to 0.7mM. pH displayed a negative impact on SMX degradation with its removal efficiency decreasing from 99.4 % to 13.3 % as pH increased from 3.0 to 9.0. This study first reported that HO• was generated via activation of Cr(VI) by UVA-LED, which is instructive for the removal of pollutants co-existed in chromium-containing wastewater.

Humic compounds in marine ecosystems - Ecological importance in transitional Mediterranean zones

By using the general term ‘humic substances’ (HS), a vast category is implied of heterogeneous organic compounds that are naturally occurred, formed under certain circumstances, bearing yellow to black colour. There are distinguishable fractions of the (HS) categorized e.g. according to hydrophilicity. Humic acids (HA), comprise the soluble fraction of (HS) at high pH values whereas fulvic acids (FA) represent the soluble fraction of (HS) under all pH conditions. The humin represents the unclassified, non-soluble fraction of organic material. (HS) are separating into two well distinctive categories i.e. allochthonous & autochthonous indicating a different origin. (HS) affect bioavailability of transition metal ions including Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn due to (HS) chelating properties and high affinity towards those metals. (ΗΑ) stimulate biodegradation and favors removal of various pollutants serving as bioremediation agents. Organic compounds leached from plastic debris into the aquatic phase, become part of the marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. Humic part characteristics are tightly bound to the anthropogenic impacts stressed over the shoreline and contribute to diagenetic processing of the marine seabed. The scope of the present essay was to outline the multi-functionality of humic substances in aquatic ecosystems with the given emphasis on the Eastern Mediterranean region.