Removal Of Petroleum Products Research Articles

Dynamic Membrane with a Polystyrene Surface Layer for Ultrafiltration of Spent Coolant Lubricant

Ultrafiltration membranes with a dynamic layer of polystyrene particles 55–72 nm in size were obtained on a hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene substrate. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of a layer of spherical particles on the membrane surface. After applying a layer of polystyrene to the surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene substrate, a decrease in the specific productivity of the membranes is observed, and an increase in the hydrophobicity of the surface layer of the membrane is revealed. The dynamic membrane was used to separate spent cutting fluid (coolant). The separation efficiency of the emulsion was evaluated by the removal of petroleum products and fatty acids. The retention capacity of the membrane for oil products from the spent emulsion was 95% with a specific productivity of 167 dm3 /(m2· hr), which is not inferior to the performance of commercial ultrafiltration membranes. The HPLC method was used to study the content of fatty acids in the emulsion and its filtrates. The retention capacity of the dynamic membrane for fatty acids was more than 68%.

Removal of Petroleum Products from Water Surface by Chemically Modified Wood Waste

In this work, they studied the possibility of woodwork waste use to remove oil products from the water surface by the sorption method. We used sawdust of ash (Fráxinus excélsior) and linden (Tília cordáta) as sorption materials, formed at the woodworking enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan, as sorbates-fresh and used diesel engine oils, characterized by high boiling points and heavy fractional composition. To increase the sorption capacity of wood waste, they were chemically modified with the solutions of sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric, perchloric, phosphoric and acetic acids with the concentration of 0.5, 1 and 3%. They determined the values of the maximum oil absorption of the initial and modified samples of sorption materials in relation to fresh and used motor oils. It was established that ash and linden sawdust modified with a 3% solution of nitric acid have the highest sorption properties. Determination of the sorption capacity by iodine and methylene blue showed that modified sawdust, in comparison with the initial samples, has a more highly developed surface, combining different types of pores: both micro- and mesopores. Experiments on modeling engine oil spills on water surface showed that chemically modified sawdust are effective sorbents of oil products, the degree of water purification reaches 99%.

Evaluation of Thermally Treated Calotropis Procera Fiber for the Removal of Crude Oil on the Water Surface.

Biosorbents have been highlighted as an alternative method for the removal of contaminants from spills or leaks of oil and its derivatives, since they are biodegradable, are highly available, low-cost, and have a good sorption capacity. This research investigated the sorption capacity of Calotropis procera fiber in natura (CP) and thermally treated (150 °C and 200 °C) for crude oil removal and recovery. The oil sorption tests were carried out in a dry and water (layer) static systems. The assays revealed that CP fiber has excellent hydrophobic-oil properties and good crude oil sorption capacity, about 75 times its own weight (76.32 g/g). The results of the treated fibers, CPT150 and CPT200, showed oil sorption capacities (in 24 h) higher than CP, between 94.31–103.37 g/g and 124.60–180.95 g/g, respectively. The results from sample CPT200 showed that it can be an excellent biosorbent for the removal of crude oil and other derivatives due to its high hydrophobicity, great reuse/resorption capacity, and ability to retain oil within the fiber lumens. Thus, it can be applied in the recovery, cleaning, and removal of petroleum products and its derivatives from spills and leaks in the future.

Removal of Petroleum Products from Water Surface by Chemically Modified Wood Waste

Removal of Petroleum Products from Water Surface by Chemically Modified Wood Waste

The Influence of Stimulation Techniques on the Microbiological Changes and n-Alkane Transitions in the Soil Contaminated of Petroleum-Derived Substances

Removal of petroleum products from contaminated soil is a long-term process requiring attention and constant monitoring. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Fyre-Zyme enzyme preparation and/or calcium carbonate on microbiological changes and conversion of n-aliphatic hydrocarbons in soil contaminated of petroleum-derived substances. The material for testing was soil contaminated with petroleum substances. The total concentration of n-alkanes with a C8–C40 chain length was 420.1 mg·kg−1 DM. The pot tests were carried out by introducing stimulators. As a decomposition promoter for n-alkanes in contaminated soil, a 6% water solution of Fyre-Zyme and/or 1% sterile CaCO3 was used. The pots were incubated at 25 °C for 21 days. The dynamics of changes in the microbiota and concentration of n-alkanes were controlled for 21 days, every 7 days taking soil for testing. Microbiological tests included determining the total number of bacteria and fungi. Chemical analysis was performed by chromatographic method. Stimulating of soil bioremediation of contaminated hydrocarbons with calcium carbonate increased the number of bacteria, and stimulation with Fyre-Zyme and calcium carbonate—the number of filamentous fungi. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of n-alkanes in the soil and the total number of bacteria and fungi but stimulating of soil bioremediation with calcium carbonate increased the number of bacteria, and stimulation with Fyre-Zyme and calcium carbonate—the number of filamentous fungi. The observed correlations indicate that the concentration of n-alkanes in the contaminated soil increases with the addition of Fyre-Zyme.

Ecological Aspects of Wastewater Treatment from Petroleum Products by the Method of Pneumoseparation when Applying Humate of Potassium

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment from oil product impurities by pneumoseparation in the presence of a humic preparation. The study was carried out under the conditions of a model experiment in which test emulsions were used based on water and various petroleum products – typical and most common pollutants of waste water: "diesel fuel-water"; "gasoline-water"; "engine oil-water"; "mazut-water". It is established that the application of the pneumoseparation method allows to significantly reduce the concentrationof petroleum products in processed emulsions. However, the severity of this process is not the same for different petroleum products. The implementation of pneumatic separation in the presence of a humic preparation significantly improves the efficiency of removal of petroleum products. It was noted that pneumoseparation, both in itself and in the presence of humic preparation, helps to lower the pH of test emulsions.

Experimental investigation of the plant sorbents in comparison with Fibroil usable for runoff cleaning from petroleum products

The capability of organic (plant) sorbents: Club-rush and Lesser Bulrush (from the lake shore) for removal of petroleum products (PP) from runoff was investigated. Dynamic process was investigated using filters packed with these materials. The third material analysed, synthetic sorbent Fibroil, was chosen for comparing the results. The laboratory experiments were performed in two stages, with the following being filtrated: tap water with a diesel admixture, road runoff contaminated with PP, and also suspended solids. The significance of this work is due to high runoff filtering rate (~10 m/h) and high PP concentrations in the runoff (>50 mg/L) used in the experiment. In these cases the use of sorbents is limited. Schoenoplectus lacustris and Typha angustifolia fillers are quite efficient (92–98%) in PP removal from runoff at a 10 m/h filtering rate. Use of them for filtration was possible longer than Fibroil, it clogs up quickly. Schoenoplectus lacustris and Typha angustifolia are a natural source for the production of PP sorbents. The results obtained in this experimental work can be used in the design of equipment for the treatment of PP contaminated runoff.

Porous rubber cryogels: effect of the gel preparation temperature

This paper examines the effect of the gel preparation temperature (T prep) on the physical properties of the rubber-based macroporous organogels prepared by solution crosslinking in benzene at subzero temperatures. Cis-polybutadiene (CBR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were used as the rubber components, while sulfur monochloride (S2Cl2) was the crosslinker in the gel preparation. It was shown that T prep is an extremely important parameter to adjust the porous structure and thus, the cryogel properties. The networks formed by CBR and SBR showed an aligned porous structure with an exception of honey-comb structured porous SBR cryogels prepared at −2 °C. 101- to 102-μm sized regular pores of the networks caused by the benzene crystals act as a template during gelation, separated by 10–20 μm pore walls in thickness. They exhibit fast swelling and deswelling properties as well as reversible swelling–deswelling cycles in toluene and methanol, respectively. The ability of the organogels for the removal of petroleum products from aqueous solutions was also demonstrated using diesel and crude oil as model pollutants. In addition, the reusability of the organogels and their continuous sorption capacities were checked by repeated sorption–squeezing cycles. All the tests showed that the aligned porous organogels are suitable materials for the oil spill cleanup procedures.

Effectiveness of Air Sparging Technology in Remediation of Gaza Coastal Aquifer from Gasoline Products

Groundwater contamination becomes a great concern in many countries. One of the most important pollutants is hydrocarbons. Sources of Hydrocarbons pollutants in Gazacan be a result of accidental spills of petroleum products on the surface and uncontrolled disposal of wastewater. One of the common technologies for groundwater aquifer remediation from hydrocarbons is known as air sparging. In this study, a120 cm×100 cm×80 cmlaboratory scale aquifer model was implemented in order to investigate the effectiveness of air sparging technology in removal of petroleum products from contaminated site. Four pilot scale wells were installed at different depths and different spatial distribution. The central well was used for injecting air and the surrounding three wells were used for monitoring. The contaminated water and soil were tested for total organic carbon, lead, dissolved Oxygen and pH; one time before the start of treatment and four times through the treatment process. Total organic carbon in water and soil before air injection were 980 ppm and 0.08775 ppm, respectively. After air injection for three weeks (six hours daily) at flow rate range from 15 to20 L/min and at pressure range from 300 to 400 kPa, the concentration of pollutant was decreased to 4.0 ppm and 0.0 ppm in water and soil, respectively. Based on the results, it was clearly demonstrated that air sparging is a simple, effective and affordable technology that can be applied forGazaaquifer remediation in case of gasoline spill accidents.

Purification of turbine condensate in the lumped desalinization units of the Mosénergo TÉTs-22 Heat and Electric Power Plant

Purification of turbine condensate by mechanical and ion exchange resin (ionite) filters in lumped desalinization units is examined. Loading mechanical filters with styrene copolymer and divinyl benzene ensures efficient removal of petroleum products and iron, but does not fulfil the task of removing polar organic compounds. The ionite part of a lumped desalinization unit ensures removal of easily electrolyzed compounds and silicic acid but is ineffective with regard to capture of organic contamination and iron, which indicates significant contamination of the load in the combination filter by organic compounds. “Cold” (standard) and “hot” regeneration of the anionite load are undertaken. Greater extraction of organic substances is observed with “hot” regeneration.

REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM WATER USING NATURAL SORBENT ZEOLITE

An experimental investigation on the removal of petroleum products (PP) from wastewater by natural sorbent zeolite was carried out in a laboratory on a pilot‐scaled test bench. The pilot test bench consisted of: a tank in which gasoline (1 portion) and diesel (1 portion) were mixed mechanically with water; a pump for supplying the mixture to a filter model; a filter model filled with a zeolite layer of 0,2 m height. Zeolite used in this study was from a deposit near the village of Sokyrnytsa in the Ukrainian Transcarpathian region. The test zeolite particle size was 2,5–3,0 mm; 1,5–2,0 mm; 0,63–1,0 mm. The concentration of PP in water was measured before and after the filter every hour. The TOG/ TPH analyser was used for concentration measurements. The experimental study showed that the best adsorption results were reached in the filter with 0,63–1,0 mm particle size of zeolite media. There were 2,25 mg/1 of light hydrocarbons left in the filtrate. Such a concentration satisfies the requirements of standards regulating the percentage of PP in treated wastewater.

Kinetics of Sorption of Petroleum Products from the Surface of Water by Thermally Expanded Graphite

The kinetics of sorption of different petroleum products from the surface of water was investigated. The factors that affect the rate of removal of petroleum products were examined. The basic areas of application of the sorbent were determined and methods of increasing the rate of absorption of petroleum products were demonstrated.

New data on electron-beam purification of wastewater

Recent environmental applications of radiation technology, developed in the author's laboratory, are presented in this paper. They are electron-beam and coagulation purification of molasses distillery slops from distillery-produced ethyl alcohol by fermentation of plant materials, electron-beam purification of wastewater from carboxylic acids (for example, formic acid) and removal of petroleum products (diesel fuel, motor oil and residual fuel oil) from water by γ-irradiation.

New Environmental Applications of Radiation Technology

New environmental applications of radiation technology developed in the laboratory of the author are considered. They include the electron-beam and coagulation purification of molasses slops from a distillery that produces ethanol by fermentation of plant raw materials, the removal of petroleum products (diesel fuel, motor oil, and residual fuel oil) from water by γ-irradiation, and the electron-beam treatment of multicomponent natural gas mixtures of lower hydrocarbons for the purpose of condensation.

Installation for physicomechanical removal of petroleum products from waste waters

Installation for physicomechanical removal of petroleum products from waste waters

Biological methods for the restoration of contaminated aquifers

AbstractContamination of aquifers is a serious threat to groundwater supplies. Once an aquifer is contaminated, it may remain so for many years. Biological methods for restoring aquifers polluted by organic compounds offer a promising solution. Techniques such as in situ treatment by stimulating the indigenous microbial population or withdrawal of the contaminated groundwater and treatment by conventional wastewater treatment processes have been used successfully. Mutant and acclimated microorganisms can be used in these systems in attempts to increase the rate of degradation of recalcitrant compounds. Stimulation of the indigenous microbial population by the addition of oxygen and nutrients has been shown to be effective in the removal of petroleum products, iron and manganese, and organic solvents. Acclimated and mutant strains of bacteria have been inoculated into treatment reactors and into soil to degrade various organic chemicals. Polluted groundwater also has been withdrawn and treated by activated sludge processes. While some of these processes have not been adequately tested under field conditions and may be limited in applicability, biological methods are effective in restoring some contaminated aquifers.