Removal In Aqueous Solution Research Articles

Activated carbon materials-derived from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste using H3PO4 activation for Rhodamine B removal in aqueous solution

Plastic items, which offer convenience, are ubiquitous in several manufacturing sectors and in everyday life. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a highly popular synthetic plastic that is seeing a growing demand. Annually, a substantial quantity of PET plastic garbage is released into the environment. Hence, it is imperative to devise an efficient remedy for the disposal of PET plastic waste. This work employed PET waste plastic to produce activated carbon by the chemical activation method. The activating agent utilized was H3PO4 acid. An investigation was conducted to determine the impact of the impregnation rate of PET waste plastic with H3PO4, as well as the activating temperature and activating time, on the surface areas of activated carbon. The activated carbon was thoroughly analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The resulting product has a porous structure, a developed pore system, and a specific surface area of 892 m2/g, with effective adsorption capacity for RhB solutions with concentrations below 80 ppm (efficiency above 90%) in a neutral environment according to the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 45.45 mg/g.

Ultrasonication-Boosted Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin Nanoparticle Bromine Fixation and Corresponding Upgraded Aquatic Applications.

Bromine (Br2) and related species removal from water systems are rather complicated due to the complicated chemistry instability, and materials with high Br2 removal rate and efficiency, along with stimuli/apparatus suitable for highly corrosive environments, are necessary. Ultrasonication as a non-destructive process is especially suitable in scenarios where conventional stir apparatus is not applicable, such as highly corrosive environments. Considering the validity nature of Br2 and combining the advantages of ultrasonic with a highly stable Br2 fixation method through aromatic polymer nanoparticles, we demonstrate highly efficient acoustic-aided Br2 removal in aqueous solutions with two times capacity compared to the non-treated sample. Related aquatic applications are also proposed for the materials to be cost-effective, including silver (Ag) recovery, recyclable MnO2-mediated Br2 deep removal, and aqueous zinc anode modification. The coupled novel-material-based processes motivate the strategic design of water purification with high-safety and sustainable industrial procedures and post-value-added utilizations.

Synthesized bioadsorbent using Aged Refuse for heavy metal removal in aqueous solution

Synthesized bioadsorbent using Aged Refuse for heavy metal removal in aqueous solution

Carboxymethyl Inulin Modified Chitosan Composites for Cu (II) Removal in Aqueous Solution: Synthesis, Influencing Factors and Adsorption Mechanism

Carboxymethyl Inulin Modified Chitosan Composites for Cu (II) Removal in Aqueous Solution: Synthesis, Influencing Factors and Adsorption Mechanism

Use of Activated and Modified Pumice Stone for Removal of Mercury (II) and Arsenic (III) Ions From Aqueous Solution

Removal of Hg (II) and As (III) ions from aqueous solutions using activated and modified pumice stone were investigated. The pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration which are very important for removal studies, were investigated by batch method. The experiments demonstrated that the equilibrium adsorption data fit the Freundlich isotherm model well for Hg (II) and As (III) ions. The negative value of ΔH° = -199.92 kJ mol-1 and -78,15 kJ mol-1 for mercury (II) and arsenic (III) ions indicates that the adsorption process is exothermic. ΔS° were calculated as -267.85 J K-1 mol-1 for As (III) ions and the positive value of ΔS° = 0.69 kJ K-1 mol-1 for Hg (II) ions. The negative value of ΔG°=-405.14 kJ mol-1 for Hg (II) ions and -1.67 kJ mol-1 for As (III) ions indicates that adsorption is voluntary. EDTA has been found to be a good desorbent in desorption studies to recover arsenic and Hg ions. The experiments show that pumice stone can be used for Hg (II) and As (III) removal in aqueous solution.

Preparation and Characterization of Two Modified Laterite Soils for Arsenic Removal in Aqueous Solutions: Efficiency and Kinetic Modelling

Preparation and Characterization of Two Modified Laterite Soils for Arsenic Removal in Aqueous Solutions: Efficiency and Kinetic Modelling

Evaluation of low-cost adsorbent of Manilkara zapota for phenol removal in aqueous solution

Industrial waste water is aqueous waste that results from the dissolution or suspension of materials in water. Phenol is the substances that are utilized in the industry. The main aim of the study is to treat the wastewater for the removal of phenol by batch mode adsorption using the agricultural waste that is Manilkara zapota. The characterization of the adsorbent was determined by FTIR, SEM and XRD. The adsorption process is to evaluate the kinetics of adsorption and the pseudo second order kinetics showed good regression value of 0.995 for 60 mg/L. The Langmuir capacity was found to be 9.8 mg/g. The optimum time to reach equilibrium of adsorption is 2 hours. From the findings the Manilkara zapota prove to be a promising adsorbent for the removal of phenol from the aqueous environment.

Enhanced methyl orange removal in aqueous solutions using bio-catalytic metal oxides derived from pomegranate peel waste: a green chemistry evaluation

Enhanced methyl orange removal in aqueous solutions using bio-catalytic metal oxides derived from pomegranate peel waste: a green chemistry evaluation

Preparation and Characterization of Ferrihydrite: Application in Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Arsenic pollution is a public health hazard in Burkina Faso due to its impact on human health and water resources. To mitigate this pollution, ferrihydrite material has been synthesized and characterized to be used as adsorbent for arsenic removal in aqueous solutions. This study aimed to contribute to improve of access to clean drinking water by removing arsenic from water using ferrihydrite. Arsenic species such as As(III) and As(V) were removed through batch adsorption. Experiments were carried out in batch mode using arsenic aqueous solutions. The characterization of ferrihydrite using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared (IR), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) showed that an amorphous and microporous 2-line ferrihydrite. The total specific surface area and pH at point of zero charge (pHpzc) were 184.518 m²/g and 9.41, respectively. The optimal adsorbent doses were 4 g/L for As (V) and 8 g/L for As (III). The optimum pH range for the adsorption of As (V) and As (III) was between 2 and 10, The maximum adsorption capacity was 15.07 mg/g for As(V) and 13.01 mg/g for As(III) with increasing concentration between 2 and 16 mg/L. Equilibrium time for As (V) and As (III) on ferrihydrite was found to be 720 min and 960 min, respectively. The adsorption of As(V) and As(III) was consistent with the Langmuir monolayer model on ferrihydrite. Arsenic adsorption was occurred according to spontaneous chemical reaction. Arsenic removal was occurred on a monolayer following the pseudo-second order kinetic.

Effect of Refluxing Time and Kinetics of Synthetic Organic Chemicals Removal in Aqueous Solutions by Carbons Produced from Nipa Palm Fronds

The refluxing time is a significant consideration in synthetic study, because it could reflect the kinetics of the reaction process. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs) are man-made carbon-based compounds that are not likely to evaporate into the atmosphere and hence they could get into aquatic water bodies through terrestrial runoff or discharge from factories. Therefore, this paper investigated the effect of refluxing time and kinetics of Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs) removal in aqueous solutions by carbonized and surface-modified carbons made from Nipa Palm (<i>Nypa Fruticans </i>Wurmb) fronds using chemical oxygen demand (COD) as the measurement parameter. The data showed a rapid reduction of the COD of the SOCs contaminated solutions from 30.19 to 93.46% for PCC, 27.44 to 65.58% for AAC, 41.84 to 98.22% for BAC and 56.71 to 95.16% for CAC between 10 to 60 mins. Optimum reduction was achieved within 20 min of heating the solutions at 150°C. The rapid COD reduction observed for n-propanol indicates that COD is a rapid, inexpensive means of determining organics in water. Kinetic assessment of the results showed that, pseudo-first order kinetic equation did not provide a very good description of COD reduction of the SOCs in aqueous solution by the Nipa palm derived carbons. However, Nipa palm had been adjudged as a beneficial, eco-friendly and locally available source for the development of activated carbon for elimination of organic pollutants in domestic and industrial wastewaters.

Ball–milled TiO2/biochar hybrid system as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for tannery dyes removal in aqueous solution

TiO2/biochar (C/TiO2)BM hybrid photocatalytic system is prepared, for the first time, by a cost-effective method (ball-milling procedure) and used for the removal of two organic dyes, labeled as Acid Blue 7 and Red RTN, employed in the tanning industry. The physicochemical properties of the (C/TiO2)BM system are investigated by different characterization methods, evidencing the presence of TiO2 in anatase phase in the (C/TiO2)BM composite. The photocatalytic performance of (C/TiO2)BM is evaluated in the degradation of Acid Blue 7 and Red RTN in the presence of UV light irradiation. The photocatalytic results of (C/TiO2)BM show a similar degradation efficiency (about 70 %) for both dyes under UV light at the spontaneous pH of the solution (pH = 6). On the other hand, photocatalytic tests under acidic conditions (pH = 2) indicate higher adsorptive and photocatalytic properties of (C/TiO2)BM composite with an overall removal efficiency of Acid Blue 7 and Red RTN of 86 and 95 %, respectively.Finally, (C/TiO2)BM is reused for up to five cycles without loss of removal performances, underlining the stability of the composite. Therefore, the (C/TiO2)BM composite could be an effective, recyclable, and stable hybrid photocatalytic material for removing tannery dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption/photocatalysis.

ADSORTION POTENTIAL OF GARLIC, GINGER AND LEMON IN THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

This work was conducted to assess the efficiency of Garlic, Ginger and Lemon in the removal of some Heavy Metals from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption process was employed in the experiments. Different dosages (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) g of the adsorbents and concentrations of the heavy metals (1000ppm, 800ppm, 600ppm, 400ppm, and 200ppm) were prepared and used. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (FAAS) was used to determine the amount of heavy metal concentrations adsorbed at each stage of the experiment. Results obtained show that there was remarkable reduction of metal concentrations in the solutions. However, comparatively, the efficiency of garlic in absorbing the metals is greater than that of ginger and lemon at all conditions. Thus, results obtained suggest that Garlic, Ginger and Lemon could be promising adsorbents for heavy metal removal in aqueous solutions, but garlic has greater efficiency in adsorbing the metals particularly zinc and copper.

Density functional theory study the mechanism of oxygen-functionalized graphene to activate peroxymonosulfate for VOCs removal in aqueous solution

Utilization of carbon materials for persulfate activation has revolutionized advanced oxidation processes in effluent treatment. However, its potential volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal in gas phase remains an intriguing research area. In this research, the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by graphene functionalized with diverse oxygen groups was investigated, and the corresponding performances for VOCs treatment were examined. Furthermore, the feasibility of employing various functionalized graphene/PMS systems for VOCs treatment by simulating a wet scrubber system was explored. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were served as a useful tool to comprehensively analyze the intricate chemical processes involved: the adsorption and the activation of PMS, as well as the adsorption and degradation of VOCs. The favorable activity of graphene materials incorporating ketone group was showcased in our findings, as evidenced by charge distribution trends, charge transfer during persulfate adsorption, and the lower energy barrier. The mechanism of employing functionalized graphene/PMS systems for effective VOCs treatment was shed light by this research, thereby contributing to the advancement of exhaust gas treatment methods.

High Performance of Ni-Al/magnetite Biochar for Methyl Orange Removal in Aqueous Solution

Elevated concentrations of dyes in water have a significant impact on both the aquatic ecosystem and human well-being. The adsorption approach, which is cost-effective and simple to use, was chosen for color treatment. The adsorbents used in this study were Modified Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) and Magnetite Biochar (MBC). To prepare the Ni-Al/MBC composites, a technique called coprecipitation and hydrothermal was employed. The successful preparation of these composites was confirmed through the use of characterization tests including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform – Infra Red (FT-IR), Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET), and Vibrating Sample Magnometer (VSM). The study focused on analyzing the kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of adsorption in order to anticipate the mechanism of Methyl Orange (MO) adsorption. Additionally, the regeneration process was investigated to assess the adsorbent's ability for repeated usage. The percentage of Ni-Al/MBC adsorbed during the first to fifth regeneration cycles was 86.940%, 82.545%, 70.752%, 56.244%, and 34.503% respectively. The duration of contact was 70 minutes, as determined by the Pseudo Second Order (PSO) equation, with an adsorption rate of 0.0030 g/mg.min. The Langmuir equation indicated a maximum adsorption capacity of 45.455 mg/g.

Cationic oxides and dioxides of modified sugarcane bagasse beads with applications as low-cost sorbents for direct red 28 dye

The direct red 28 (DR28) dye contamination in wastewater blocks the transmission of light into the water body resulting in the inability to photosynthesize by aquatic life. In addition, it is difficult to break down and persist in the environment, and it is also harmful to aquatic life and water quality because of its aromatic structure. Thus, wastewater contaminated with dyes is required to treat before releasing into the water body. Sugarcane bagasse beads (SBB), sugarcane bagasse modified with titanium dioxide beads (SBBT), sugarcane bagasse modified with magnesium oxide beads (SBBM), sugarcane bagasse modified with aluminum oxide beads (SBBA), and sugarcane bagasse modified with zinc oxide beads (SBBZ) for DR28 dye removal in aqueous solution, and they were characterized with several techniques of BET, FESEM-FIB, EDX, FT-IR, and the point of zero charges (pHpzc). Their DR28 dye removal efficiencies were examined through batch tests, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics. SBBM had the highest specific surface area and pore volume, whereas its pore size was the smallest among other materials. The surfaces of SBB, SBBM, SBBT, and SBBA were scaly sheet surfaces with an irregular shape, whereas SBBZ was a coarse surface. Oxygen, carbon, calcium, chloride, sodium, O–H, C–H, C=O, C=C, and C–O–C were found in all materials. The pHpzc of SBB, SBBT, SBBM, SBBA, and SBBZ were 6.57, 7.31, 10.11, 7.25, and 7.77. All materials could adsorb DR28 dye at 50 mg/L by more than 81%, and SBBM had the highest DR28 dye removal efficiency of 94.27%. Langmuir model was an appropriate model for SBB, whereas Freundlich model was a suitable model for other materials. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model well described their adsorption mechanisms. Their adsorptions of the DR28 dye were endothermic and spontaneous. Therefore, they were potential materials for adsorbing DR28 dye, especially SBBM.

Acetaminophen Removal in Aqueous Solutions via Enhanced Fenton-Like Degradation by Copper-Nickel Based Layered Double Hydroxides

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) exhibit macromolecular behavior due to their layered structure, providing unique properties that make them suitable for various applications. Their crystal structure allows for intercalation of various species, demonstrating excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength. Synthesis methods, such as co-precipitation, ion exchange, and hydrothermal techniques, enable the preparation of well-defined LDH macromolecules with tailored characteristics. These materials find applications in catalysis, drug delivery systems, environmental remediation processes, and energy storage devices. Our research described here an LDH material based on nickel, copper, and aluminum was synthesized, characterized and used as a catalyst for the oxidation of Acetaminophen (Ac) using H2O2. Our materials were created using the co-precipitation process at a constant pH. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the synthesized material. The material was crystalline and devoid of contaminants, according to the characterization. The CuNiAl-CO3 material was used to catalyze the elimination of the Ac (1 g.L−1) from an aqueous solution. The amount of the LDH, the molar ratio (oxidant/pollutant), the temperature, and the pH were among the experimental factors that were modified to get superior results. The kinetic analysis revealed that using 3 g L−1 of LDH with a molar ratio (oxidant/pollutant) of 2.5 for 3 h at room temperature and without modification of the pH of the solution resulted in a complete degradation of the Ac, and that our LDH performed best in acidic conditions.

Spark deposition of lanthanum-carbon composite nanoparticles embedded in a polypropylene membrane for phosphate removal in aqueous solutions

Eutrophication in water, such as rivers or lakes, is becoming increasingly serious. Controlling the phosphate concentration in such waters is the key to solving the eutrophication problem. The use of adsorption methods to limit the level of phosphate in aqueous solutions has the advantages of cost-effectiveness, ease of operation, and selectivity. In this study, a modified polypropylene (PP) membrane was used as the platform for the in-situ deposition of lanthanum-carbon (La-C) composite nanoparticles. Uniform lanthanum (La) and carbon (C) aerosols were deposited on the PP film using spark ablation, and the combined hydrothermal method was used to synthesise the nano-confinement crystal PP-La-C (PLC) for phosphorus removal in an aquatic environment. Because of the nanoconfinement of the PLC, particle agglomeration deactivation was effectively solved, and the doping of C changed the shape of La(OH)3 from particles to ultrafine nano-fibres, which resulted in a larger surface area and more abundant active sites, and the overall adsorption performance was improved. The addition of C reduced the cost, and La proved to be the main active site for phosphate capture. The adsorption test revealed a significant adsorption capability of 194.1 mg⋅P⋅g−1. Three variables, such as reaction time, dose, and original phosphate concentration, were selected and a model for predicting lake water phosphate removal efficiency was developed using the central composite design method. When PLC was used to treat water samples from Lake Qilu (Yunnan, China), the observed removal rate of total phosphorus was 94 %, which is consistent with the model prediction. A series of characterisations established that ligand exchange and multilayer adsorption were the main mechanisms of phosphorus removal.

Luffa Cylindrica Fibers Unveiled: A Sustainable Approach for 4-Nitrophenol Removal in Aqueous Solutions through Activated Carbon Utilization

The prevalence of mutagenic and highly toxic compounds, such as 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) and its derivatives, in industrial wastewater poses a significant environmental threat. This study emphasizes the critical need for public authorities to prioritize combating organic compound pollution for achieving sustainable development. The focus of this research is the preparation and evaluation of activated carbon adsorbents derived from Luffa cylindrica fibers (LC) for the efficient removal of 4-NP from aqueous solutions. The preparation involved carbonization process by heating LC in an argon furnace at 800℃, resulting in carbonized Luffa cylindrica fibers (LCC). Subsequently, chemical activation is performed using potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, denoted as LCA. The properties of the adsorbent are identified through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). To assess the removal efficiency of 4-NP, various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, and 4-NP solution concentration are investigated. Optimal conditions for maximum 4-NP removal are achieved at a concentration of 50 mg/L, an adsorbent dosage of 0.75 mg/L (LCA), and a solution pH of 5. These conditions result in an impressive 99 % removal of 4-NP in 60 minutes. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing locally available raw materials, such as LC fibers, to prepare an adsorbent with a robust adsorptive capacity for toxic pollutants like 4-NP. The findings underscore the potential of eco-friendly solutions in addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable practices in wastewater treatment.

Adsorption of Lead (Pb) from Aqueous Solution using Powdered Psidium Guajava (Guava) Leaves as an Adsorbent

Guava leaves are economically cheaper. The contamination of water sources with heavy metals, such as lead, poses a significant threat to human health and the environment. The present investigation was carried out with the aim to assess the potential of powdered guava leaves as an effective adsorbent for the removal of lead from aqueous solution. Various factors affecting the adsorption process including concentration of Psidium guajavaleaves and contact time of adsorption process were examined. The result shows that concentration of guava leaves that has good adsorbent was set-up no. 2 with adsorbent dose of 4g. The higher the adsorbent dose, the higher the percentages of lead remove. A contact time of 15 min gas a greater adsorption of lead. Shorter the contact time, the higher the percentage of removal. Thus, there is a significant relationship between contact time and adsorption doses of guava leaves, the greater the absorption doses the higher the percentage remove at a shorter contact time. This revealed that Psidium guajava leaves are promising and eco-friendly and could be an economically method for lead removal in aqueous solutions

Enhancing phosphorus removal through layered double hydroxide-decorated biochars: Unveiling pore structure and surface functionalization

BackgroundThis study provided a sustainable solution to enhance phosphate (P) removal in aqueous solution using biochar (BC) surface modification techniques with multilayer double hydroxide coating (LDH@BC). MethodsVarious LDH@BC composite materials were synthesized using the coprecipitation method, and their properties were measured using BET, SEM, EDS, surface zeta potential, FTIR, and XPS to investigate P adsorption behaviors. Significant FindingsThe LDH layer played an important role in regulating the amplified mesoporous structure and diverse surface functional groups of BC for P removal enhancement. Specifically, Mg/Al-LDH@BC exhibited a larger specific surface area of 148 m2 g–1, creating more active sites and achieving the highest removal efficiency of 95.90 mg g–1. Zn/Al-LDH@BC demonstrated an amplified mesoporosity of 0.90, facilitating the transport of P ions and resulting in a higher removal rate of 0.017 g mg–1 h–1. Mg/Al-LDH@BC, with a higher pHpzc of 9.7, exhibited less susceptibility to changes in the pH of the solution within the range of 2 to 10. Additionally, Mg/Al-LDH@BC displayed excellent selectivity over other ions in multisalt solution of 40.26 for NH4+, 10.55 for NO3−, and 3.97 for SO42−. Several important proposed P removal mechanisms are involved in electrostatic attraction, complexation/ligand exchange, precipitation, and physical adsorption.