Remote Transactions Research Articles

Design and Construction of a Multi-User Prepaid Meter

The Nigerian government has used prepaid metering for nearly two decades to eliminate post-paid and estimated billing system. There is no doubt that this billing system has benefited house owners who do not have renters as well as a few persons who have the advantage of knowing the exact number of prepaid meters for their apartments. Those living in rental apartments, on the other hand, experience the identical problem with postpaid when a single prepaid meter is divided among inhabitants. Sharing a single prepayment frequently violates the aim of prepaid metering because individual use cannot be reliably tracked. To address the issue of sharing, a unique type of prepaid meter that can handle multiple users on a single prepaid is required. As a result, this study proposes a multi-user prepaid meter that completely prevent conflicts that arise from the sharing of prepaid meters. A prototype for four users was planned and built around Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for individual user identification; a quasi-current sensor to measure energy usage and an Arduino Uno microcontroller ATmega 328p to manage the activities of the system. From the process of recharging to the display unit and other aspects that permit remote transaction of the device, the designed multi-user prepaid energy monitoring system functions well. To address the demand for unmetered houses across the country, the prepaid meter could be mass produced. Considering the different obstacles people have as a result of the low distribution of prepaid meters, this multi-user prepaid meter will undoubtedly be a promising technology to suit Nigerians' demands while also eliminating potential problems with prepaid meter sharing.

Implikasi Peran Financial Technology Dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi

In the era of internet technology, it has a lot of impact on all lines of the company's sector and daily life, one of which is the existence of supporting applications that can be used with the aim of helping in carrying out daily activities. In addition, the development of digital technology is very influential in the order of life both in the social and economic fields, which initially in paying had to meet face to face and carry a certain amount of cash, now can make remote transactions in seconds. This era is called the era of digital economy or fintech which enters the age of time efficiency. The age and productivity of a human being have limits, a person can be said to be unable to be productive again at a certain period of time. If someone is said to be no longer productive, then that person can be said to be someone who has reached the retirement age limit. Of course, in this case, it requires adequate infrastructure support. Currently, the government has an Old Age Savings program and a pension program for someone who has entered the retirement age limit. PT Taspen is one of the companies that organizes and manages pension funds, especially for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN). In the era of internet technology, it has a lot of impact on all lines of the company's sector and daily life, one of which is the existence of supporting applications that can be used with the aim of helping in carrying out daily activities. In addition, the development of digital technology is very influential in the order of life both in the social and economic fields, which initially in paying had to meet face to face and carry a certain amount of cash, now can make remote transactions in seconds. This era is called the era of digital economy or fintech which enters the age of time efficiency. The age and productivity of a human being have limits, a person can be said to be unable to be productive again at a certain period of time. If someone is said to be no longer productive, then that person can be said to be someone who has reached the retirement age limit. Of course, in this case, it requires adequate infrastructure support. Currently, the government has an Old Age Savings program and a pension program for someone who has entered the retirement age limit. PT Taspen is one of the companies that organizes and manages pension funds, especially for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN). This research took the object at PT Taspen (Persero) KCU Semarang. The purpose of this study is to find out how fintech is used in organizing and managing pension funds. This research is qualitative research, with research methods using interview techniques. There were 3 participants, consisting of financial head sector, customer service and human resource department. In testing data credibility, researchers use riangulation of data sources and trigulation of data collection techniques. The results of this study show that PT Taspen already has fintech application facilities that are used for retirees easily and can be applied properly, and there are facilities for visiting participants' homes for participants who are sick and cannot take pension funds. On the other hand, financial management using fintech has been implemented well and efficiently, so that financial transparency and accountability are well controlled and monitored. However, based on interviews in customer service, there are obstacles in the file that are not appropriate and there is a passive account attachment

Sentiment Analysis Marketplaces Digital menggunakan Machine Learning

In the current era, in the world of technology is increasingly developing, one of which is the development of online buying and selling platforms (e-commerce). E-commerce is the performance of remote transactions of goods or services between two companies (business-to-business) or between companies and customers (business-to-consumers). E-commerce has facilitated remote transactions. The existence of this online shopping platform greatly affects the people of Indonesia and all over the world who carry out online shopping activities, especially in the current pandemic situation. There are many e-commerce platforms that we can use today. When we make purchases online, we are offered several payment methods on each of the platforms we will use. This study will discuss sentiment analysis based on a questionnaire completed by respondents. The results of this study will lead to user satisfaction using the payment system provided on the selected platform and will show the most frequently used payment system on each platform. The parameters for this search use payment system, age, occupation, and background. This study uses Naive Bayes methods and Decision Tree.

Pengaruh Payment Gateway Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada UMKM Kota Palembang


 
 Financial Technology (Fintech) is the result of a combination of financial services and technology which ultimately changes the business model from conventional to modern. Consumers who initially had to pay face to face and carry a certain amount of cash can now make remote transactions by making payments through the application in just seconds. Mobile phones have helped MSMEs to be more productive and increase their sales thereby improving financial performance.
 Keywords: Fintech, Financial Performance, Consumers

Strengthening of the Notary's Financial Responsibility in the Aspect of Invalidation of Notarized Transactions

Introduction. The number of real estate transactions certified by notaries is growing every year. Сompared to 2020, the number of transactions with non-residential real estate certified by notaries increased by 24%, with residential premises - by 13% The Federal Notary Chamber notes. It happens due to the continued trend of legislative expansion of real estate transactions subject to mandatory notarization, as well as the desire of citizens and organizations to obtain maximum legal guarantees and protection of their property rights and interests. The powers of a notary in real estate transactions are very wide. So, the notary himself can request supporting documents, check wills, powers of attorney, pledge of property based on the data of registers, draw up an agreement correctly, send a package of documents to the Federal Service of State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography (Rosreestr) authorities for state registration of the transfer of ownership, hand over the registered agreement to the parties, etc. At the same time, annually facts of notaries participation in fraudulent schemes with real estate, recognition by courts of notarized transactions as invalid (due to nullity), bringing notaries to disciplinary and criminal liability are revealed. The article provides specific examples from judicial practice and statistical data confirming this thesis, substantiates proposals for further improvement of civil legislation in order to prevent fraudulent actions with real estate and violations of the legal rights of citizens and organizations committed with the participation of notaries.Materials and methods. This study is based on a combination of such methods of scientific knowledge as: the dialectical method, which made it possible to connect the theory of civil and inheritance law and judicial practice; the formal legal method made it possible to analyze legislative norms; the systematic method allowed us to consider the institution of liability of notaries as a system with internal unity and interconnections with other institutions of law.The results of the study. In the course of the study, the provisions of the Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the notary, regulating the goals and objectives of the notary in ensuring the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and legal entities, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the recognition of transactions as invalid, were analyzed. The judicial practice on invalidating certain real estate transactions certified by notaries (including from the author’s personal practice), the statistics of the Ministry of Justice of Russia on bringing notaries to criminal and disciplinary liability, the number of complaints against the actions (inaction) of notaries, on the recognition invalid transactions, insurance compensation for losses incurred through the fault of notaries in 2019-2021. The conclusion is substantiated that the victims of fraudulent actions with real estate involving notaries are, as a rule, pensioners, the disabled, whose rights and legitimate interests need special legal protection. Such facts, to a certain extent, undermine the trust of the participants in the property turnover in the institution of the notary. A number of gaps in civil legislation and legislation on notaries in the area under study have been identified, and proposals have been formulated to fill them. Discussion and conclusion. The strengthening of the role of a notary in the process of real estate transactions, the improvement of technologies for notarial actions (remote transactions, transactions using an electronic digital signature, the introduction of the "electronic notarized power of attorney" service, etc.) certainly correspond to the dynamics of modern property turnover. However, at the same time, fraudulent schemes with real estate are also being improved, in which, as evidenced by judicial practice and statistics, notaries themselves are involved. For maximum legal protection of the interests of participants in property turnover, it is proposed to include in the legislation the norms on compensation by notaries of the full market value of property lost through their fault, lost profits, as well as moral damage, damage to business reputation and court costs incurred due to illegal actions of notaries of the parties to the transaction. It is also proposed to legislate the presumption of moral harm to the citizens participating in the transaction, which, according to the court decision that has entered into force, is declared invalid due to nullity.

The Privacy Limits of Transacting in Bitcoin

The Bitcoin blockchain, a prime example of disruptive technology, has fundamentally altered the way various industries approach remote transactions. Bitcoin grants privacy to its users by anonymizing public keys, provides autonomy by eliminating the need for trusted third parties, and maintains transparency through its public disclosure protocol. Bitcoin is an innovative manifestation of the Fourth Amendment ideals of security and autonomy. It is, thus, no surprise that the Bitcoin blockchain presents unprecedented Fourth Amendment challenges for courts to consider.
 In United States v. Gratkowski, the Fifth Circuit addressed the novel issue of whether Fourth Amendment protections extend to an individual’s Bitcoin transactions. Notably, the court was the first to find that an individual does not have a privacy interest in their information located directly on the Bitcoin blockchain. However, the Fifth Circuit applied inconsistent and flawed reasoning in reaching this decision, demonstrating a fundamental misunderstanding of Bitcoin and its users.
 Accordingly, this Note argues that the Gratkowski decision should be applied narrowly and with caution, especially considering the Supreme Court’s warnings against the incompatibility of current Fourth Amendment doctrine with the digital age. It then suggests implementing a modified reasonable expectation-of-privacy standard, supplementing the current standard with an additional inquiry into what information an individual disclosed when initiating a transaction. This modified standard would preserve the integrity of Bitcoin, while simultaneously articulating a proper framework for assessing privacy concerns in the context of Bitcoin and blockchain technology.

Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pemberi Pinjaman terhadap Klausula Baku dalam Perjanjian Layanan Peer-to-Peer Lending (Studi Kasus Layanan Peer to Peer Lending Asetku)

The advance in financial technology has altered the payment system, which originally can only be done face-to-face, now can be done by remote transactions and in a short amount of time, one of which is through the Peer-to-Peer Lending (P2PL). This study aims to determine legal protection for lenders against standard clauses in peer-to-peer lending service agreements and risk mitigation for providers of peer-to-peer lending services. This research is a normative legal research that uses a statutory approach. The results of this study conclude that first, the inclusion of standard clauses in the P2PL service agreement has not provided legal protection for lenders because it is not in accordance with the provisions in the Consumer Protection Act and Financial Services Authority Regulations. Prohibitions and requirements regarding the use of standard clauses are intended to place consumers in an equal position with business actors based on the principle of freedom of contract and prevent the possibility of actions that are detrimental to consumers due to ignorance, unequal position, and so on that may be exploited by business actors to gain profits. Second, peer-to-peer lending service providers make efforts to mitigate risk in P2PL services in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Services Authority Regulation which require identification, measurement, and monitoring and control of credit risk and operational risk arising from all P2PL services which aim to preventing and mitigating credit risk and operational risk.

An Exploration of Trust as an Antecedent of Unified Payment Interface Usage

Introduction of UPI has revolutionized the Indian banking system and since then dynamics of payment ecosystem has noted a major transformation. UPI has proved to be a boon in the pandemic situation by facilitating contactless and remote transactions. Thus it is crucial to study user acceptance of payments using UPI and factors influencing its usage. The present paper extended UTAUT3 (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) with an additional construct called 'trust'. Studies on behavioral intention are not rare. But behavioral intention towards UPI usage is not yet explored. What makes this study unique is its attempt to use both SEM and Neural Network to analyze data. It will guide future researchers to pursue technology adoption studies using this multi-method technique. The novelty also resides in the fact that trust, the newly added construct, has proved to be the most important antecedent of behavioral intention towards UPI usage.

Risk of non-fulfillment of obligations by participants of investment deals: preventive civil law mechanisms for the protection of rights

Risk of non-fulfillment of obligations by participants of investment deals: preventive civil law mechanisms for the protection of rights

Methodological Foundation of Civil Law Regulation of Remote Investment Transactions

The author examines the risk of property losses for participants in remote investment transactions as a methodological basis for their civil law regulation. The author describes the risks inherent both to the recipients of investments and private investors when making these transactions in the info. The conclusion is substantiated that external and internal risks are characteristic of both credit institutions and other economic entities. If such a legal entity finds itself in the position of a recipient of investments, these risks in their actual implementation will prevent this entity from fulfilling its obligation to the investor in a timely and full manner. According to the author, all possible negative events eventually crystallize into a single risk that opposes the agreements with the investor that took place within the framework of the transaction — the risk of non-payment of the recipient of the investment. In this regard, the author presumes the property losses of the participants in the transaction and the avalanche-like reaction of conflict tension spreading along the chain of non-payments that can involve hundreds of subjects and destabilize not only the investment transactions, but also the transactions made under civil law as a whole. The methodology of civil law regulation of remote investment transactions should be based on the inevitability of the risk of property losses of participants in these transactions. The author of the paper makes proposals concerning formation and functioning of preventive legal mechanisms that minimize the negative impact of this risk.

Digitalisation before and after the Covid-19 crisis

States all over the world have quickly amended legislation in order to help businesses conduct their activities remotely and online. In this article, we will see examples of existing rules concerning annual general meetings being better implemented (in Italy), of legislation being amended with temporary rules (in Germany) and of political momentum being used to bring about fundamental changes (in Estonia).This article provides a brief overview of how changes have been made in order to allow virtual annual general meetings in different countries and what kind of changes were made, and also provides a somewhat deeper look at Estonia’s new legislation concerning remote notarial transactions, online annual meetings and digital infrastructure.

GraphSIF: analyzing flow of payments in a Business-to-Business network to detect supplier impersonation

Supplier Impersonation Fraud (SIF) is a rising issue for Business-to-Business companies. The use of remote and quick digital transactions has made the task of identifying fraudsters more difficult. In this paper, we propose a data-driven fraud detection system whose goal is to provide an accurate estimation of financial transaction legitimacy by using the knowledge contained in the network of transactions created by the interaction of a company with its suppliers. We consider the real dataset collected by SIS-ID for this work.We propose to use a graph-based approach to design an Anomaly Detection System (ADS) based on a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) allowing us to label a suspicious transaction as either legitimate or fraudulent based on its similarity with frequently occurring transactions for a given company. Experiments demonstrate that our approach shows high consistency with expert knowledge on a real-life dataset, while performing faster than the expert system.

Jual Beli secara Online dalam tinjauan Hukum Islam

Online transactions are order transactions in a global era business model that is not face-to-face, with only conducting data transfers via cyberspace (data intercange) via the internet between the two parties, namely sellers and buyers, this information technology development enables remote transactions, where anyone can interact even without face to face (face to face). In online business the most important thing is the availability of information and the benefits. Or what is now better known as e-business or e-commerce, the type of research used in this research is library research, buying and selling online including aspects of muamalah which are basically permissible. Unless there is an argument forbidding it. In addition, the terms and conditions of online purchase agreement also do not conflict with the terms and conditions of the Islamic legal system of engagement.

Analisis, Perancangan Layanan Terpadu e-Mall multi_mitra teknologi SOA menghadapi PandemiCOVID-19

The progress of the development of information technology, communication and SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) that is very fast making all activities of aspects of human life must follow. Especially creating long distance shopping and transactions, one way to avoid the crowds and chaos of people when conditions (epidemics that are simultaneously contagious everywhere, covering large geographical areas) the COVID-19 pandemic. Among them are business, business, education, and other activities. Constraints developing applications, it is very difficult and expensive and requires a long time due to differences in platforms between applications and limited access to the server for the security of the server itself. SOA can solve this problem, can make existing programs become service oriented. This can be done with programs that have been built in a modular manner so that it is enough to only add web services techniques in them. Then a service interface is created without changing the logic of the program. Thus the testing is sufficient on the interface, while the function / logic in it does not need to be tested again because it does not change. SOA integrates and accelerates Multi-Partner business processes, all of which can improve efficiency in all fields. Based on this fact this research was conducted. The research method begins with a literature study, and documentation of related journals as a reference source for analysis. Then proceed with direct observation, conducting interviews with several Mall partners; store owner, banks, residents / customers in the Mall (the author is not allowed to mention the name of the store owner, customer name, name of the store owner, and the name of the Mall) to get the required data Modeling the system design process of the Unified Modeling Language, Enterprise Architect and tenology used by SOA. The system development method uses Prototype. The end result of this research (study) is expected to be used by related parties in developing remote transactions and other parties interested in SOA .

The Weakness of Moon et al.’s Password Authentication Scheme

Using smart cards make remote transactions easier for users in Internet. It’s important to identity the legal users to have the access right to obtain the resources. In 2017, Liu et al. proposed an efficient and secure smart card based password authentication scheme. Recently, Moon et al. pointed some weaknesses of Liu et al.’s scheme. They also proposed a password authentication scheme to overcome Liu et al.’s weaknesses. They claim that their scheme is more secure and practical as a remote user authentication scheme. However, we find that some weaknesses of Moon et al.'s scheme. In this article, we will show that Moon et al.’s scheme is vulnerable to the guessing identity and impersonation attacks.

The Value of Face-to-Face: Search and Contracting Problems in Nigerian Trade

Distance between buyers and sellers can create search and contracting problems: how to find out what goods are available in far away places, and ensure they are actually delivered? Traveling to do business in person is one way of dealing with both, transforming a remote transaction into one that is face-to-face. I estimate the magnitude of search and contracting frictions in a developing country context by exploiting the fact that travel is a common, costly, and easily observable strategy for coping with them. I collect transaction-level panel data from Nigerian importers of consumer goods that combines the “what” of trade (e.g. products, quantities) with variables describing “how” trade is conducted (e.g. travel, payment terms). To account for patterns inconsistent with a full information environment, I build and estimate a model that embeds a search problem and a repeated game with moral hazard into a monopolistically competitive trade framework. Welfare from imported consumer goods would be 29% higher in the absence of both frictions. I decompose the total barrier into parts attributable to search and to contracting, and show why the effects will be larger in markets with low consumer spending, high firm entry/exit rates, and frequently changing products. The results suggest that greater attention to market integration policies beyond transportation and tariffs could have large welfare effects, particularly in developing countries. In counterfactual scenarios, I show that regulation of air travel between Nigeria and China would yield gains in Nigeria on the order of $650 million per year through consumer goods trade alone, while existing financial services do little to mitigate frictions because they do not offer a better contract enforcement technology than travel or repeated interaction.

Analysis of the Remote Transactions Parity and Simplification Act and the Remote Transactions Parity Act of 2017

Analysis of the Remote Transactions Parity and Simplification Act and the Remote Transactions Parity Act of 2017

Pengembangan Sistem Keamanan untuk E-Commerce

E-commerce is a remote goods or services transaction activity between two company (business to business) or between company with customers (business to consumer). Ecommerce was simplifying the transaction process between producers and consumers, butthere is a risk of security issue if doing transactions on e-commerce. A common e-commercesecurity system using another protocol security e.g. SSL (Secure Socket Layer) so these ecommerce security system is very dependent with these security protocol. The e-commercesecurity problem was fixed by developed security system that using security system directly onthe web page. The system is designed to securing transaction data using RC6 encryption, RC6encryption key is secured by RSA encryption, and encrypted data is encoded by Base64. Theresulting security system is blocking transaction data when users clicking submit transactionbutton, then these transaction data encrypted using applied algorithm before send it into serverso transaction data was secured without aid of another security protocol e.g. SSL (SecureSocket Layer).

A Comparative Study on the Role of the Electronic Commerce Act in Remote Transactions and Its Effect on Compensation from Iran and France Legal Perspective

Legal implications in various fields of e-commerce transactions are described by means of e-commerce from one of the parties and through the transaction implemented by Internet. Online contracts are a manifestation of true innovation in the field of traditional legal agreements. The main issue of concern is the lack of tools has traditionally been used to express the will of the contract.The lack of legal grounds to use in e-commerce, such as: Expert of judges, the admissibility of electronic documents, electronic signatures, the principle of good faith, law of consumer protection, commercial and competition law and how to compensate both material and spiritual is the most important challenge of the country's legislative system. The most important distinction between the Iranian and French law is on the implementation of its damage compensation that in French law is detailed discussions covering the damages due to breach of contract litigation is not compensable.But the other hand, moral damages, such as mental anxiety, loss of credibility and like that is compensable, while this is not done in Iran. Experience of law between Iran and France showed a weak pattern in consumer protection in e-commerce contracts. In this cross-sectional study to evaluate the role of trade in remote transactions and its effect on Iran and France in damage compensation from the legal perspective.

Remote Transaction Commit: Centralizing Software Transactional Memory Commits

Software Transactional Memory (STM) has recently emerged as a promising synchronization abstraction for multicore architectures. State-of-the-art STM algorithms, however, suffer from performance challenges due to contention and spinning on locks during the transaction commit phase. In this paper, we introduce Remote Transaction Commit (or RTC), a mechanism for executing commit phases of STM transactions. RTC dedicates server cores to execute transactional commit phases on behalf of application threads. This approach has two major benefits. First, it decreases the overheads of spinning on locks during commit, such as the number of cache misses, blocking of lock holders, and CAS operations. Second, it enables exploiting the benefits of coarse-grained locking algorithms (simple and fast lock acquisition, reduced false conflicts) and bloom filter-based algorithms (concurrent execution of independent transactions). Our experimental study on a 64-core machine with four sockets shows that RTC solves the problem of performance degradation due to spin locking on both micro-benchmarks (red-black trees), and macro-benchmarks (STAMP), especially when the commit phase is relatively long and when thread contention increases.