Remote Temperature Monitoring Research Articles

Assessing equity in the uptake of remote foot temperature monitoring in a large integrated US healthcare system.

We assessed equity in the uptake of remote foot temperature monitoring (RTM) for amputation prevention throughout a large, integrated US healthcare system between 2019 and 2021, including comparisons across facilities and between patients enrolled and eligible patients not enrolled in RTM focusing on the Reach and Adoption dimensions of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. To assess whether there was equitable use of RTM across facilities, we examined distributions of patient demographic, geographic, and facility characteristics across facility RTM use categories (e.g., no RTM use, and low, moderate, and high RTM use) among all eligible patients (n = 46,294). Second, to understand whether, among facilities using RTM, there was equitable enrollment of patients in RTM, we compared characteristics of patients enrolled in RTM (n = 1066) relative to a group of eligible patients not enrolled in RTM (n = 27,166) using logistic regression and including all covariates. RTM use increased substantially from an average of 11 patients per month to over 40 patients per month between 2019 and 2021. High-use RTM facilities had higher complexity and a lower ratio of patients per podiatrist but did not have consistent evidence of better footcare process measures. Among facilities offering RTM, enrollment varied by age, was inversely associated with Black race (vs. white), low income, living far from specialty care, and being in the highest quartiles of telehealth use prior to enrollment. Enrollment was positively associated with having osteomyelitis, Charcot foot, a partial foot amputation, BMI≥30 kg/m2, and high outpatient utilization. RTM growth was concentrated in a small number of higher-resourced facilities, with evidence of lower enrollment among those who were Black and lived farther from specialty care. Future studies are needed to identify and address barriers to uptake of new interventions like RTM to prevent exacerbating existing ulceration and amputation disparities.

Prototipe dengan Sistem IoT Pada Pengaturan Suhu dan Kelembaban Pada Permentasi Tempe

This research aims to design an IoT-based prototype for temperature and humidity control to enhance the productivity of tempe fermentation. The prototype utilizes the WeMos D1 R2 microcontroller, processing data from the temperature sensor (DHT11) and RTC DS3231 to control a DC fan and heater. The Blynk application enables remote monitoring and management of temperature and humidity. Research results indicate stable temperature (30°C–37°C) and humidity (60–70 RH). The prototype demonstrates effectiveness in controlling tempe fermentation conditions and is suitable for implementation. .

Prototype of Forest and Land Fire Monitoring and Detection System Using IoT-Based WSN Technology

Forest and land fires are a recurrent issue in several Indonesian regions, necessitating advanced technological solutions for early detection and monitoring due to their significant impact. This research project focuses on developing a prototype system utilizing IoT-based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology to detect forest and land fires. The prototype offers real-time remote monitoring of temperature, humidity, smoke levels, and wind speed in the forest through an Android app or web interface. To validate its performance, the prototype was compared to existing BMKG tools, with results showing minor temperature errors (2.41%) and a humidity error of 17.68%. The anemometer sensor exhibited a slight 4-second data transmission delay. Importantly, the prototype excelled in fire detection, effectively identifying temperature and humidity changes within a 2-meter radius or more indicative of fire outbreaks. This pioneering prototype promises to significantly enhance early warning and response mechanisms for forest and land fires in Indonesia, contributing to more effective environmental conservation and disaster management.

Self-powered temperature sensors harnessing membrane potential of living cells

In this paper we present a novel method for remote temperature measurements of a bio-cell and its immediate surroundings, based on the use of electrical energy harvested from a single soleus muscle fiber. Our method employs an optimized RLC circuit, embedded with the cell, where the capacitor serves both as an energy storage unit and a temperature sensor, exploiting its natural temperature sensitivity. Once charged, the RLC oscillator emits a radio signal at a frequency that is dependent on the temperature. This signal can be received wirelessly through a receiver, facilitating remote temperature measurement. We present experimental tests performed on soleus muscle from mouse, where a maximum output voltage of – 70 mV is attained on a 1 mF capacitor. The experimental data confirm that our system can exploit the energy harvested from the cell membrane to communicate wirelessly the temperature and it can be employed in the range of biological interest (30 °C to 50 °C). Such self-powered temperature sensors have the potential to improve the field of biomedical sensing and non-invasive remote temperature monitoring.

Remote foot temperature monitoring among Veterans: A large observational study of non-compliance and its correlates (Preprint)

Remote foot temperature monitoring among Veterans: A large observational study of non-compliance and its correlates (Preprint)

Design of remote temperature monitoring system tool using VHF waves based on VFC LM331

A remote temperature monitoring system has been designed and manufactured using VHF waves based on VFC LM331. This remote temperature monitoring system uses the IC LM35 temperature sensor. The technique used for sending data uses radio waves on VHF lines with an OOK (On-Off Keying) modulation system. So that the analogue voltage signal from the sensor can be modulated and transmitted by the transmitter, the voltage must be converted to frequency using a VFC LM331. From the results of measuring the accuracy of the design tool, it was found that the design tool worked well at a temperature of 0 oC up to 99% compared to a reference device. The range of the system that has been designed is much influenced by the frequency of the transmitter used, the more users on that frequency, the shorter the range. The farthest distance that can be reached is around 120 meters at a frequency of 80 MHz while at a frequency of 89 – 106.3 MHz it can only reach around 48 meters.

Wireless Sensor Network Based Server Room Temperature Monitoring System

A remote temperature monitoring system has been created in the server room using LoRa technology which is based on preventing overheating on servers which can affect the performance of components in the server. The research objective is to design and implement a new LoRa-based server room monitoring system design. The targets of this research are (a) creating a system prototype, (b) programming the system with the help of Arduino IDE, (c) measuring system performance. The research method starts from making a prototype and measuring system performance. The results of system performance measurements, testing on LoRa showed the best RSSI results of -56 dBm, temperature data from 17°C -19°C and humidity from 55% to 59% in the server room. Overall the tool can function well.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Remote Foot Temperature Monitoring for Prevention of Amputation in a Large Integrated Health Care System

OBJECTIVEWe evaluated the effectiveness of remote foot temperature monitoring (RTM) in the Veterans Affairs health care system.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a retrospective cohort study that included 924 eligible patients enrolled in RTM between 2019 and 2021 who were matched up to 3:1 to 2,757 nonenrolled comparison patients. We used conditional Cox regression to estimate adjusted cause-specific hazard ratios (aHRs) and corresponding 95% CIs for lower-extremity amputation (LEA) as the primary outcome and all-cause hospitalization and death as secondary outcomes.RESULTSRTM was not associated with LEA incidence (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.62–1.37) or all-cause hospitalization (aHR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82–1.14) but was inversely associated (reduced risk) with death (aHR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49–0.82).CONCLUSIONSThis study does not provide support that RTM reduces the risk of LEA or all-cause hospitalization in individuals with a history of diabetic foot ulcer. Randomized controlled trials can overcome important limitations.

Field Temperature Data Analysis of the Water Resistance Performance of Freeze-Sealing Pipe Roof Used in Tunnel through Water-Rich Strata

A new presupporting technology named freeze-sealing pipe roof (FSPR) method was adopted in the construction of Gongbei tunnel (Zhuhai, P.R. China), which was a critical part of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (HZMB). The method combined the pipe-roofing with artificial ground freezing (AGF). The water resistance performance of FSPR surrounded by water-rich soils was studied based on the field temperature data. The time-dependent temperature changes of the frozen soil between two adjacent pipes were presented, and the thicknesses of the frozen soil in different freeze period were calculated. Besides, the remote temperature monitoring system used in this field research was presented systematically. The thermal effects of the Hurricane Nicole on the frozen soil wall were also observed. The results showed that the closure of frozen soil wall can be classified into two different modes. The frozen soil between the pipes before excavation had met the design requirements before excavation, and the FSPR maintained satisfied water resistance performance.

Internet of Everything and Digital Twin enabled Service Platform for Cold Chain Logistics

The proliferation of the e-commerce market has posed challenges to staff safety, product quality, and operational efficiency, especially for cold chain logistics (CCL). Recently, the logistics of vaccine supply under the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic rearouses public attention and calls for innovative solutions to tackle the challenges remaining in CCL. Accordingly, this study proposes a cyber-physical platform framework applying the Internet of Everything (IoE) and Digital Twin (DT) technologies to promote information integration and provide smart services for different stakeholders in the CCL. In the platform, reams of data are generated, gathered, and leveraged to interconnect and digitalize physical things, people, and processes in cyberspace, paving the way for digital servitization. Deep learning techniques are used for accident identification and indoor localization based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to actualize real-time staff safety supervision in the cold warehouse. Both algorithms are designed to take advantage of the IoE infrastructure to achieve online self-adapting in response to surrounding evolutions. Besides, with the help of mobile and desktop applications, paperless operation for shipment, remote temperature and humidity (T&H) monitoring, anomaly detection and warning, and customer interaction are enabled. Thus, information traceability and visibility are highly fortified in this way. Finally, a real-life case study is conducted in a pharmaceutical distribution center to demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed platform and methods. The dedicated hardware and software are developed and deployed on site. As a result, the effectiveness of staff safety management, operational informatization, product quality assurance, and stakeholder loyalty maintenance shows a noticeable improvement. The insights and lessons harvested in this study may spark new ideas for researchers and inspire practitioners to meet similar needs in the industry.

Effectiveness of a Continuous Remote Temperature Monitoring Program to Reduce Foot Ulcers and Amputations: Multicenter Postmarket Registry Study.

Neuropathic foot ulcers are the leading cause of nontraumatic foot amputations, particularly among patients with diabetes. Traditional methods of monitoring and managing these patients are periodic in-person clinic visits, which are passive and may be insufficient for preventing neuropathic foot ulcers and amputations. Continuous remote temperature monitoring has the potential to capture the critical period before the foot ulcers develop and to improve outcomes by providing real-time data and early interventions. For the first time, the effectiveness of such a strategy to prevent neuropathic foot ulcers and related complications among high-risk patients in a real-world commercial setting is reported. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a real-world continuous remote temperature monitoring program in preventing neuropathic foot ulcers and amputations in patients with diabetes. In this retrospective analysis of a real-world continuous remote temperature monitoring program, 115 high-risk patients identified by clinical providers from 15 geographically diverse private podiatry offices were analyzed. Patients received continuous remote monitoring socks as part of the program. The enrollment was based on medical necessity as decided by their managing physician. We evaluated data from up to 2 years before enrollment and up to 3 years during the program. The primary outcome was the rate of wound development. Secondary outcomes included amputation rate, the severity of the foot ulcers, and the number of visits to an outpatient podiatry clinic after enrolling in the program. We observed significantly lower rates of foot ulceration (relative risk reduction [RRR] 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.79; number needed to treat [NNT] 5.0; P<.001), less moderate to severe ulcers (RRR 0.86; 95% CI 0.70-0.93; NNT 16.2; P<.001), less amputations (RRR 0.83; 95% CI 0.39-0.95; NNT 41.7; P=.006), and less hospitalizations (RRR 0.63; 95% CI 0.33-0.80; NNT 5.7; P<.002). We found a decrease in outpatient podiatry office visits during the program (RRR 0.31; 95% CI 0.24-0.37; NNT 0.46; P<.001). Our findings suggested that a real-world continuous remote temperature monitoring program was an effective strategy to prevent foot ulcer development and nontraumatic foot amputation among high-risk patients.

Smart Healthcare Monitoring System Using IoT

The progress in communication and information technology has contributed to the creation of the Internet of Thing (IoT). Internet of Things today plays a crucial role in tracking, documenting, storing, presentation and communication in variety of fields like healthcare, smart cities, engineering, and others. Using an IoT-based monitoring system, the critical parameters of health are tracked and data transmitted via network. Data will be accessed for the benefit of the patient's current condition. This research paper focused on remote monitoring of body temperature (DS18B20), heart rate and SPO2(MAX30100), additionally the position of patient can be obtained on demand using SIM7600E GSM and GNSS HAT (Hardware attached on top) Module. Raspberry Pi 4B used as microcontroller to gather data from health parameter sensors. The data from sensors transmitted into cloud storage through a network. The proposed system uses last version of IoT microcontroller and devices were used which significantly affected the precision and speed of the whole system. A GUI cross platform mobile application was developed for presenting real-time data to both doctors and patients. The system is beneficial for synchronous monitoring of patient’s health status hence allowing urgent medical decision by doctors at right time.

Remote Monitoring of Skin Temperature Through a Wristband Employing a Printed VO Sensor

The need for highly sensitive, environmentally stable, mechanically flexible, and low-cost temperature sensors for on-body measurements has been increasing with the wide adoption of personal healthcare-Internet-of-Things (H-IoT) devices. Printed electronics (PE) is a good platform for such sensors because it enables the realization of flexible devices through simple and rapid methods at a relatively low cost. However, previously reported printed temperature sensors suffer from poor sensitivity and/or environmental instability. In this article, we report a custom tungsten (W)-doped vanadium dioxide (VO2) ink-based screen-printed temperature sensor having the highest temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 2.78% C-1 with a resolution of 0.1 °C between 30 °C and 40 °C. To protect it from environmental effects, a fluoropolymer-basedpassivation layer is added for accurate temperature readings even in 90% relative humidity. The sensor is printed on a flexible substrate and shows minimal deterioration in performance over 1000 bending cycles. For wearability and remote monitoring, the sensor is integrated with a custom Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless readout in the form of wristband. The BLE readout comprises an ultrathin and flexible patch antenna optimized for both BLE bandwidth (BW) and human wearability. It demonstrates a minimal specific absorption rate (SAR) value of only 0.068 W/kg, making it safe to wear. Despite the antenna’s thin structure (0.004λ), it has a gain of 1.65 dBi, enabling an excellent communication range. The proposed wristband is tested on ten volunteers and under daily activities, which shows promising results with a maximum error of 0.16 °C with reference to those of a commercial thermometer.

Remote Continuous Temperature Monitoring for Postoperative Complications: A Urinary Retention Case Report

Remote Continuous Temperature Monitoring for Postoperative Complications: A Urinary Retention Case Report

313.5: Meeting Packed Red Blood Cell Requirement for the Transmedics Organ Care System (OCS) Liver Transplantation Trial (PROTECT Trial) At Henry Ford Hospital

Introduction: In January 2016, HFHS Transplant Institute began the PROSPECT trial, an interventional trial studying normothermic preservation of the donated liver before transplant using the Liver Organ Care System (OCSTM). The Henry Ford Hospital Transfusion Service (TS) provided the required packed red blood cells (PRBC). Background: The TransMedics (OCSTM) liver trial was an international, randomized trial studying the intervention of a portable liver system to preserve donor livers for transplant. The system utilizes an oxygenated blood-based perfusate mixed with nutrient solution in normothermic perfusion for organ preservation. The TS provided PRBC needed for the study, final PRBC used dictated by the condition and size of the retrieved liver. TS study goal was to secure proper transfusion needs for liver perfusion while also adhering to blood inventory management. Methods: Organ procurement candidates for the PROTECT trial were selected based on pre-determined conditions and consented according to that protocol. Once the patient was consented and the liver transplantation was scheduled, the PROTECT trial team notified the TS,and 5 units of group O Positive, leukoreduced PRBC less than 10 days old were selected, and placed inside a temperature-controlled packaging container along with a remote temperature monitoring device. The container was then transported with the procurement team to the harvesting location. Once the insulated container was returned to the TS, the temperature-monitoring device information was uploaded to verify that the returned PRBC have been stored within their proper temperature limits. Results: The TS support for the PROTECT trial at HFHS occurred from January 2016 until September 2021. The table below shows the activity related to this trial. - Issued Utilized Returned Wasted PRBC units 240 132 104 4 In summary, 29/48 study events used 4 units; 3/48 study events used 5 units; on 15/48 events the organ harvesting was cancelled; all units returned had an acceptable temperature range and returned to the available inventory. For one study event, 4 PRBC were spiked in preparation for use in the perfusate prior to the event being cancelled. These PRBC were discarded and deemed wasted. Conclusions: During the PROTECT trial no PRBCs were wasted due to inappropriate storage conditions. The joint use of a temperature-controlled container and remote temperature monitoring device allowed for the appropriate return of unused PRBCs to the TS blood inventory, thus avoiding any wastage. Only 3/48 events used 5 units, the\us issuing 4 PRBC to meet the OCS™ support may suffice, further decreasing the risk for wastage of any PRBC units. After receiving FDA in September 2021, alternatives to maintain the required PRBC temperature should be addressed to minimize wastage at this time of limited blood availability for the support of the TransMedics Organ Care System (OCSTM) for liver organ perfusion.

Design of Remote Monitoring Iot System Based on 5G and New Optical Fiber Intelligent Structure

In recent years, with the progress and development of social science and technology, remote monitoring of Internet of Things systems has attracted more and more attention. The remote monitoring system is mainly a network system with convenient layout, simple maintenance, and high security performance built on the basis of the wireless network, which can realize real-time monitoring, and collects transmit information. It is mostly used in remote monitoring of room temperature, remote monitoring of intelligent furniture, engineering construction, and teaching. Communication technology dominates the operation of remote monitoring systems. With the introduction of 5G technology, mobile Internet technology has been pushed to the top of technology again. Using 5G mobile communication technology in the monitoring system, people can observe or operate the monitored things at any time. The sensor is an indispensable component of the remote monitoring system, and a new type of optical fiber is added to the sensor to make the system function more complete. However, the related technology is not very mature, and the research on remote monitoring system is relatively backward in China. Relevant studies have found that when the remaining energy of the information node in the remote monitoring system reaches 10%, the information node will die and the speed of information transmission will decrease. Therefore, adding new technologies is conducive to improving the performance of remote monitoring systems.

High Throughput In–Situ Temperature Sensor Array with High Sensitivity and Excellent Linearity for Wireless Body Temperature Monitoring

High sensitivity, excellent linearity, and wireless monitoring are strongly desired for the practical application of flexible temperature sensors in real‐time wearable health care. Especially the multichannel body temperature monitoring system has high requirements on the performance of the sensor because it needs to monitor a large amount of data at the same time. Herein, a flexible temperature sensor based on a porous graphene/polydimethylsiloxane sensing layer is developed. The prepared sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 5.203% °C−1 for temperature sensing between 30 and 70 °C, and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.996) in the temperature range from 30 to 70 °C. Based on its excellent performance, the proposed high‐performance temperature sensors can be applied in practical applications such as body temperature monitoring and human breath monitoring under different states including slow breath, normal breath, and fast breath. Moreover, a high‐throughput wireless body temperature monitoring system including wireless sensor modules, a cloud server, and a portable electronic device is constructed, which can achieve a remote and multichannel body temperature monitoring efficiently.

Highly-efficient double perovskite Mn4+-activated Gd2ZnTiO6 phosphors: A bifunctional optical sensing platform for luminescence thermometry and manometry

Remote temperature and pressure monitoring provides new and exciting chances to explore the variation of luminescence properties of compounds under extreme conditions. Herein, series of Mn4+-activated, double perovskite Gd2ZnTiO6 phosphors were prepared to develop novel, bifunctional sensors of temperature and pressure. Upon 345 nm excitation, bright red emission originating from Mn4+ is generated, and its intensity is affected by doping content, where the optimal intensity is achieved at 0.3 mol% of Mn4+ doping. The determined concentration quenching mechanism is mainly governed by a dipole–dipole interaction. The internal and external quantum efficiencies of the synthesized phosphors are as high as 95.6% and 83.2%, respectively. Besides, the crystal-field strength and nephelauxetic effect are theoretically discussed to identify their impacts on the emission characteristics of Mn4+. Furthermore, via analysing the temperature-dependent emission bandwidth and lifetime, the thermometric properties of the resultant phosphors are explored, and the maximum relative thermal sensitivities for the Gd2ZnTiO6:Mn4+ phosphor with optimal doping are 0.34% and 2.43% K−1 at 423 K, respectively. Additionally, the influence of pressure on the luminescence performance of the studied phosphors is investigated. When pressure increases, a significant red-shift of the emission band is observed, showing the pressure sensitivity is as high as 1.11 nm/GPa. Notably, during the compression and decompression processes, the prepared phosphors possess stable phase structure, which is confirmed by the pressure-dependent Raman spectra. These results suggest that the highly-efficient double perovskite Mn4+-activated Gd2ZnTiO6 phosphors are promising bifunctional luminescent platforms, for both luminescence thermometry and manometry applications.

Internet of Things enabled real time cold chain monitoring in a container port

Abstract Purpose Seaports are regarded as significant actors in global logistics and supply chains since a large part of the cargoes carried over the globe are being processed there. When the cold chain broken down during transport and storage in the ports, the humidity, nutrition, temperature and time conditions to be required for the growth of the bacteria occur, and rapid reproduction occurs and the properties of the products are rapidly deteriorating. It is imperative that especially medicines, some chemical substances and foodstuffs need to be transported without breaking the cold chain in the logistics. The monitoring and control of the temperature and humidity level is important in the time period between the loading of these containers in special areas in ports, the loading of freight in open areas, or the loading of freight on roads and railway carriages. For this reason, precise monitoring and control of the system is vital in the port logistics management. Method In this study, an IoT-enabled system is designed for Container Ports by developing software, interface and equipment that will enable remote monitoring of temperature, humidity and other necessary key status parameters. Findings The developed IoT-based system provides audible and visual warning, e-mail and SMS communication, similar to a monitoring screen such as a heart graph monitor, when the instant values of the refrigerated container are transmitted to the database, when the defined upper and lower values are approached. All these data and major change information are archived in the database and retrospective situation analysis and data analysis can be performed. Conclusion Using technologies such as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and RFID, an IoT-enabled Cold Chain Logistics system has been proposed that provides real-time monitoring of products in containers at ports, providing DS services to logistics providers and customers. In this context, it was explained how the ambient parameter values were collected in real time using WSN and IEEE 802.15.4, how the collected data was sent to the server via the GSM gateway. In the port scenario, activation devices such as IEEE 802.15.4 and RFID were modeled using the OPNET simulator. The developed model was carried out in accordance with the principles of EPCglobal Gen 2. With the proposed approach, smart solutions provide a smarter flow of information. The results show that IoT- enabled cold chain systems have a great potential for managing, monitoring, receiving and determining abnormal events related to temperature-sensitive products in real time.

An Evaluation of Real-world Smart Sock-Based Temperature Monitoring Data as a Physiological Indicator of Early Diabetic Foot Injury: Case-Control Study.

BackgroundLower extremity complications of diabetes represent major health care complications both in terms of cost and impact to quality of life for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Temperature monitoring has been shown in previous studies to provide a useful signal of inflammation that may indicate the early presence of a foot injury.ObjectiveIn this study, we evaluated the temperature data for patients that presented with a diabetic foot injury while using a sock-based remote temperature monitoring device.MethodsThe study abstracted data from patients who were enrolled in a remote temperature monitoring program (2020-2021) using a smart sock (Siren Care). In the study cohort, a total of 5 participants with a diabetes-related lower extremity injury during the study period were identified. In the second comparison cohort, a total of 26 patients met the criteria for monitoring by the same methods but did not present with a diabetes-related podiatric lower extremity injury during the same period. The 15-day temperature differential between 6 defined locations on each foot was the primary outcome measure among subjects who presented with a diagnosed foot injury. Paired t tests were used to compare the differences between the two groups.ResultsA significant difference in temperature differential (temperature measured in °F) was observed in the group that presented with a podiatric injury over the course of evaluation versus the comparator group that did not present with a podiatric injury. The average difference from all 6 measured points was 1.4 °F between the injury group (mean 3.6, SD 3.0) and the comparator group (mean 2.2, SD 2.5, t=–71.4, df=39; P<.001).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest temperature monitoring in a sock form factor could be used to predict a developing foot injury. The continuous temperature monitoring system employed has implications for further algorithm development to enable early detection. The study was limited by a nonrandomized, observational design with limited injuries present in the study period. We look forward to further studies that will refine the predictive potential and confirm or refute the current promising data.