Scheme For Remote State Preparation Research Articles

Deterministic remote state preparation with weight graph states in quantum networks

The weight graph states (WGS) usually serve as the imperfect generation of the graph states due to the limitation in experiments. In this paper, we study the deterministic remote state preparation (RSP) protocol by leveraging multiple WGS. First, we introduce the quantum circuit of the entanglement concentration based on the theory of majorization, calculating the entanglement coefficients by applying the Schmidt decomposition onto the bipartite WGS. Then, we establish the positive operator-valued measurement (POVM) that helps to extract available entanglement for the RSP protocol. In three-particle 1D WGS, we demonstrate that the bipartite entanglement between the sender and the receiver depends on the measurement basis selected by the repeater node. Here we find a set of orthogonal bases that retains the entanglement unchanged, which guarantees the robustness of the RSP scheme. In the end, we discuss the performance of our protocol and extend the channel to the multi-particle 1D WGS, illustrating the relationship between the entanglements and the different weights of edges. Our scheme provides a viable method to reuse the imperfect graph states, hoping to contribute to the future study of graph states in quantum networks.

Protected simultaneous quantum remote state preparation scheme by weak and reversal measurements in noisy environments

We discuss a quantum remote state preparation protocol by which two parties, Alice and Candy, prepare a single-qubit and a two-qubit state, respectively, at the site of the receiver Bob. The single-qubit state is known to Alice while the two-qubit state which is a non-maximally entangled Bell state is known to Candy. The three parties are connected through a single entangled state which acts as a quantum channel. We first describe the protocol in the ideal case when the entangled channel under use is in a pure state. After that, we consider the effect of amplitude damping (AD) noise on the quantum channel and describe the protocol executed through the noisy channel. The decrement of the fidelity is shown to occur with the increment in the noise parameter. This is shown by numerical computation in specific examples of the states to be created. Finally, we show that it is possible to maintain the label of fidelity to some extent and hence to decrease the effect of noise by the application of weak and reversal measurements. We also present a scheme for the generation of the five-qubit entangled resource which we require as a quantum channel. The generation scheme is run on the IBMQ platform.

A bidirectional quantum remote state preparation scheme and its performance analysis in noisy environments

A bidirectional quantum remote state preparation scheme and its performance analysis in noisy environments

Deterministic remote preparation of multi-qubit equatorial states through dissipative channels

We investigate the influence of a noisy environment on the remote preparation of the multi-qubit equatorial state, and specifically deduce the final states and fidelities of the remote preparation of the three-qubit and four-qubit equatorial states under diverse types of noisy environments, namely, amplitude damping, bit flip, phase damping, phase flip, bit-phase flip, depolarization, and non-Markov environments. The results show that when the decoherence factors of the front six noises are equal, the influence degrees of phase damped noise, bit flip noise, phase flip noise, and bit-phase flip noise are similar, while the information loss caused by the amplitude damped noise and depolarizing noise is less. In particular, the bit flip noise and depolarizing noise may have more complex effects on the remote state preparation (RSP) schemes depending on the phase information of the target states, even for the ideal cases where the fidelity values are always 1 for specific phase relations. In the non-Markov environment, owing to the back and forth of information between the environment and systems, fidelities exhibit oscillating behavior and the minimum value may stay greater than zero for a long evolutionary time. These results are expected to have potential applications for understanding and avoiding the influence of noise on remote quantum communication and quantum networks.

Mentor Initiated Controlled Bi-directional Remote State Preparation Scheme For $$(2 \iff 4)$$-Qubit Entangled States in Noisy Channel

Mentor Initiated Controlled Bi-directional Remote State Preparation Scheme For $$(2 \iff 4)$$-Qubit Entangled States in Noisy Channel

Multiparty-controlled remote state preparation of multiple qubit-string information

In this paper, we first propose a remote state preparation (RSP) scheme in the traditional sense, which accomplishes the remote preparation of a single-qubit controlled by multiple agents in the network. This triggers a new RSP scheme, by which we can remotely prepare tensor product-type quantum states controlled by one agent. After that, we generalize the above approach to the RSP scheme of multi-qubit information controlled by multiple agents in the network. In the extended scheme, as long as all agents operate faithfully, the receiver can recover all qubits of information in the original state; otherwise, the scheme fails. Such a scheme entangles quantum information in the preparation process, thus slashing the cost of such quantum resources as auxiliary qubits and local unitary operations, and, meanwhile, reducing the number of classical bits transferred among participants. Finally, we further investigate the remote preparation scheme for multiple qubit-string information under the control of multiple agents in the network.

Joint remote state preparation in multi-hop network under noisy environment

Joint remote state preparation is an important method to transmit quantum information with more senders and higher security. In this paper, we present a deterministic joint remote state preparation scheme in multi-hop network with two senders and N intermediate parties, using only projective measurements and recovery operations. We describe the scheme under the framework of density matrix to investigate the performance of the scheme in noisy environment. The relation of fidelity, noise rate and the number of intermediate nodes is given for three types of noise. It is revealed that the average fidelity attains its minimum when the noise rate is at the most uncertain point, decreases monotonically as the number of intermediate nodes increases. However, in some special cases, the average fidelity of the multi-hop scheme is greater than some existing one step joint remote state preparation scheme.

An asymmetric controlled bidirectional remote preparation protocol of three- and four-qubit equatorial states

A scheme for asymmetric controlled bidirectional remote state preparation by utilizing 15-qubit entangled state as quantum channel is proposed. In this paper, we present a new protocol that Alice prepares a three-qubit equatorial state for Bob and Bob prepares a four-qubit equatorial state for Alice at the same time under Charlie’s control. The success of this scheme cannot be separated from the controller Charlie. In addition, we give some analysis and conclusions by comparing with other schemes. The auxiliary qubits and operations are not required in our scheme. In particular, the success probability of the receivers restoring the prepared states can reach 100%. Thus, our scheme has better performance.

Multi-party deterministic joint RSP of arbitrary multi-qubit states via maximal slice states

In this paper, two efficient proposals are presented by using maximal slice states and orthogonal measurement basis to realize the joint remote state preparation (RSP) of two-qubit and three-qubit states, respectively. Furthermore, this kind of joint RSP schemes could be generalized to the case of arbitrary multi-qubit states, which can be transmitted from two senders to one receiver with the supervision of one manager. The successful probability of this joint RSP scheme is always equal to 100% in spite of that quantum channel is composed of non-maximally entangled states.

Quantum Remote State Preparation Based on Quantum Network Coding

As an innovative theory and technology, quantum network coding has become the research hotspot in quantum network communications. In this paper, a quantum remote state preparation scheme based on quantum network coding is proposed. Comparing with the general quantum remote state preparation schemes, our proposed scheme brings an arbitrary unknown quantum state finally prepared remotely through the quantum network, by designing the appropriate encoding and decoding steps for quantum network coding. What is worth mentioning, from the network model, this scheme is built on the quantum k-pair network which is the expansion of the typical bottleneck network—butterfly network. Accordingly, it can be treated as an efficient quantum network preparation scheme due to the characteristics of network coding, and it also makes the proposed scheme more applicable to the large-scale quantum networks. In addition, the fact of an arbitrary unknown quantum state remotely prepared means that the senders do not need to know the desired quantum state. Thus, the security of the proposed scheme is higher. Moreover, this scheme can always achieve the success probability of 1 and 1-max flow of value k. Thus, the communication efficiency of the proposed scheme is higher. Therefore, the proposed scheme turns out to be practicable, secure and efficient, which helps to effectively enrich the theory of quantum remote state preparation.

A mentor-initiated joint remote state preparation scheme for qubits

A mentor-initiated joint remote state preparation scheme for qubits

Deterministic remote state preparation of arbitrary three-qubit state through noisy cluster-GHZ channel

We propose a novel scheme for remote state preparation of an arbitrary three-qubit state with unit success probability, utilizing a nine-qubit cluster-GHZ state without introducing auxiliary qubits. Furthermore, we proceed to investigate the effects of different quantum noises (e.g., amplitude-damping, phase-damping, bit-flip and phase-flip noises) on the systems. The fidelity results of three-qubit target state are presented, which are usually used to illustrate how close the output state is to the target state. To compare the different effects between the four common types of quantum noises, the fidelities under one specific identical target state are also calculated and discussed. It is found that the fidelity of the phase-flip noisy channel drops the fastest through the four types of noisy channels, while the fidelity is found to always maintain at 1 in bit-flip noisy channel.

Bidirectional remote state preparation in noisy environment assisted by weak measurement

By using special single-qubit measurement bases, we first proposed a bidirectional remote state preparation (BRSP) scheme to prepare two arbitrary single-qubit states in a noiseless quantum channel. Then, we modified it to a joint BRSP scheme and generalized it to prepare multi-qubit states. Meanwhile, we discussed the preparation fidelity of the scheme under the simulation of amplitude damping (AD) noise. In addition, we employed the weak measurement and its reversing measurements for the BRSP scheme and obtained higher fidelity of preparation results. Finally, through numerical simulation, we compared and analyzed the preparation fidelities under the above two conditions, the results of which showed that the weak measurement method was helpful in improving the proposed BRSP in the AD noise channel.

Quantum multicast schemes of different quantum states via non-maximally entangled channels with multiparty involvement* *Project supported by the Key Industry Projects in Shaanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 2019ZDLGY09-03 and 2020ZDLGY15-09), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61771296, 61372076, and 61301171), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 2018JM60-53 and 2018JZ60-06), and the 111 Project

Due to the unavoidable interaction between the quantum channel and its ambient environment, it is difficult to generate and maintain the maximally entanglement. Thus, the research on multiparty information transmission via non-maximally entangled channels is of academic value and general application. Here, we utilize the non-maximally entangled channels to implement two multiparty remote state preparation schemes for transmitting different quantum information from one sender to two receivers synchronously. The first scheme is adopted to transmit two different four-qubit cluster-type entangled states to two receivers with a certain probability. In order to improve success probabilities of such multicast remote state preparation using non-maximally entangled channels, we put forward the second scheme, which deals with the situation that is a synchronous transfer of an arbitrary single-qubit state and an arbitrary two-qubit state from one sender to two receivers. In particular, its success probability can reach 100% in principle, and independent of the entanglement degree of the shared non-maximally entangled channel. Notably, in the second scheme, the auxiliary particle is not required.

A Scheme for Controlled Cyclic Asymmetric Remote State Preparation in Noisy Environment

As research on quantum computers and quantum information transmission deepens, the multi-particle and multi-mode quantum information transmission has been attracting increasing attention. For scenarios where multi-parties transmit sequentially increasing qubits, we put forward a novel (N + 1)-party cyclic remote state preparation (RSP) protocol among an arbitrary number of players and a controller. Specifically, we employ a four-party scheme in the case of a cyclic asymmetric remote state preparation scheme and demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme on the IBM Quantum Experience platform. Furthermore, we present a general quantum channel expression under different circulation directions based on the n-party. In addition, considering the impact of the actual environment in the scheme, we discuss the feasibility of the scheme affected by different noises.

Enhancing remote state preparation via five-qubit cluster state in noisy environments

This study proposes a remote state preparation scheme using a five-qubit cluster state as the quantum channel. In this scheme, Alice can prepare an arbitrary two-qubit entangled state on Bob’s side using only some local operations and classical communications. The scheme is first described in an ideal environment, and the corresponding quantum circuit is given. An investigation of the scheme in the amplitude-damping noise and collective-dephasing noise, and an analysis of their influence on the scheme are carried out by calculating the fidelity of the output state. Moreover, the study takes full advantage of the weak measurement and reversing measurement to enhance the fidelity in the amplitude-damping noise, and constructing a decoherence-free subspace to suppress the collective-dephasing noise. The findings indicate that the schemes can provide higher fidelity in the amplitude-damping noise and collective-dephasing noise.

The influence of imprecise quantum measurement on remote state preparation protocol

In this paper, the influence of imprecise quantum measurement on remote state preparation scheme is investigated. By analyzing the measurement parameters and corresponding errors, we obtain the evolution of output state in the process of remote state preparation. In terms of the fidelity of initial state and output state, the influence of imprecise quantum measurement is discussed. The results of this paper have the reference value for the selection of measurement basis when the quantum measurement on remote state preparation is imprecise.

Controlled Remote State Preparation of an Eight-Qubit Entangled State

In this paper, we propose a controlled remote state preparation scheme for a known eight-qubit entangled state. In this scheme, the sender, controller, and receiver share a six-qubit cluster state. The sender first performs a two-qubit state measurement, and the controller performs a corresponding two-qubit system measurement based on the sender’s measurement result. After receiving the measurement results from the sender and controller, the receiver can reconstruct this initial eight-qubit entangled state by using an appropriate unitary operation. This unitary operation depends on the different measurements of the sender and controller.

An Optimized Scheme for JRSP of an Equatorial Four-Qubit Cluster State with Minimum Resource

We propose a scheme for joint remote state preparation of an equatorial four-qubit cluster state via the quantum channel composed of two same GHZ states. In our scheme, the number of participants for JRSP can be arbitrary. The participants share the phase information of the target state. Each participant carries out corresponding measurements and informs the result to the receiver. Finally, by introducing auxiliary particles and performing appropriate unitary operations, the receiver enables to recover the equatorial four-qubit cluster state. Compared with other JRSP schemes, we have been able to achieve the preparation of an equatorial four-qubit cluster state with 100% success probability. Our scheme is of high efficiency due to the consumption of minimum resource.

Enhanced deterministic joint remote state preparation under Pauli channels with memory

Joint remote state preparation (JRSP for short) can reduce the risk brought by one dishonest sender in remote state preparation. Unlike previous protocols that focused on JRSP under memoryless noise channels, in this paper, we study the performance of a deterministic joint remote state preparation scheme under two successive uses of Pauli channels with memory. We give general formulas quantifying the fidelity under the correlated Pauli channels. Specifically, we find that the performance of the protocol is enhanced in the correlated Pauli channel with partial memory. It means that the memory in this kind of noise channels can improve the communication efficiency of JRSP definitely.