Remote Blood Sampling Research Articles

Concordance in COVID-19 serology, bone mineralization, and inflammatory analytes between venous and self-collected capillary blood samples exposed to various pre-analytical conditions.

The COVID-19 has led to a significant increase in demand for remote blood sampling in clinical trials. This study aims to ascertain the concordance between venous versus capillary samples, processed immediately or exposed to various pre-analytical conditions. Participants (≥12years old) provided a venous blood sample (processed immediately) and capillary samples allocated to one of the following conditions: processed immediately or exposed to 12-, 24-, or 36-h delays at room temperature or 36-h delays with a freeze-thaw cycle. The analytes of interest included SARS-CoV-2 IgG, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), alkaline phosphate (ALP), calcium (Ca), phosphate (Ph), and c-reactive protein (CRP). Paired samples were considered interchangeable if they met three criteria: minimal within-subject mean difference, 95% of values within desirable total errors, and inter-class correlation (ICC) > 0.90. 90 participants (44.1% male) were enrolled. When comparing rapidly processed venous with capillary samples, 25(OH)D, ALP, and CRP met all three criteria; SARS-CoV-2 IgG met two criteria (mean difference and ICC); and Ca and Ph met one criterion (mean difference). When considering all three criteria, concentrations of 25(OH)D, CRP, and ALP remained unchanged after delays of up to 36h; SARS-CoV-2 IgG met two criteria (mean difference and ICC); Ca and Ph met one criterion (mean difference). These findings suggest that remote blood collection devices can be used to measure anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, 25(OH)D, CRP, and ALP. Further analysis is required to evaluate the interchangeability between venous and capillary testing in Ca and Ph levels, which are more sensitive to pre-analytical conditions.

Improving Fetal Fraction of Noninvasive Prenatal Screening Samples Collected in EDTA-Gel Tubes Using Gel Size Selection: A Head-To-Head Comparison of Methods

The aim of this study was to compare the use of EDTA-gel blood collection tubes with and without size selection to cell-stabilizing collection tubes for remote blood sampling for noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS). Sixty-one pregnant women at 10 to 14 weeks' gestation undergoing NIPS were recruited. Participants were phlebotomized with Streck and EDTA-gel tubes. EDTA-gel tubes were centrifuged before shipping. Libraries prepared from cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from both types of tubes were sequenced on Illumina NextSeq 500, and fetal fraction was estimated using SeqFF. EDTA-gel tube libraries were size selected on agarose gel to eliminate cfDNA fragments >160 bp and resequenced. The main outcome measure was fetal fraction expressed as percentage of total cfDNA sequenced, calculated from sequence read counts (SeqFF). Streck tube samples showed an average 1% higher fetal fraction than centrifuged EDTA-gel tubes without size selection. This difference increased with temperature. When EDTA-gel samples' libraries were size selected, the mean fetal fraction increased from 7% to 13%, with no sample having fetal fraction <4%. Using EDTA-gel tubes reduces NIPS sampling cost and tube processing time in the laboratory. Also, using EDTA-gel tubes does not lead to cfDNA degradation. Size selection increases fetal fraction, reduces the number of test failures, increases NIPS clinical performance, and may be helpful in situations asking for a higher fetal fraction, such as twin pregnancies or screening for sub-chromosomal imbalances.

Feasibility of Patient-Centric Remote Dried Blood Sampling: The Prediction, Risk, and Evaluation of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (PRE-MACE) Study

ABSTRACT Background: Remote patient monitoring can shift important data collection opportunities to low-cost settings. Here, we evaluate whether the quality of blood-samples taken by patients at home differs from samples taken from the same patients by clinical staff. We examine the effects of socio-demographic and patient reported outcomes (PRO) survey data on remote blood sampling compliance and quality. Methods: Samples were collected both in-clinic by study-staff and remotely by subjects at home. During cataloging the samples were graded for quality. We used chi-squared tests and logistic regressions to examine differences in quality and compliance between samples taken in-clinic versus samples taken by subjects at-home. Results: 64.6% of in-clinic samples and 69.7% of samples collected remotely at home received a Good (compared to Not Good) quality grade (chi2 = 4.91; p =.03). Regression analysis found remote samples had roughly 1.5 times higher odds of being Good quality compared to samples taken in-clinic (p <.001; 95% CI 1.18–2.03). Increased anxiety reduced odds of contributing a Good sample (p =.04; 95% CI.95–1.0). Response rates were significantly higher for in-clinic sampling (95.8% vs 89.8%; p <.001). Conclusion: Blood-samples taken by patients at home using a microsampling device yielded higher quality samples than those taken in-clinic.

Counterregulatory deficits occur within 24 h of a single hypoglycemic episode in conscious, unrestrained, chronically cannulated mice.

Hypoglycemia-induced counterregulatory failure is a dangerous complication of insulin use in diabetes mellitus. Controlled hypoglycemia studies in gene knockout models, which require the use of mice, would aid in identifying causes of defective counterregulation. Because stress can influence counterregulatory hormones and glucose homeostasis, we developed glucose clamps with remote blood sampling in conscious, unrestrained mice. Male C57BL/6 mice implanted with indwelling carotid artery and jugular vein catheters were subjected to 2 h of hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps 24 h apart, with a 6-h fast before each clamp. On day 1, blood glucose was maintained (euglycemia, 178 +/- 4 mg/dl) or decreased to 62 +/- 1 mg/dl (hypoglycemia) by insulin (20 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and variable glucose infusion. Donor blood was continuously infused to replace blood sample volume. Baseline plasma epinephrine (32 +/- 8 pg/ml), corticosterone (16.1 +/- 1.8 microg/dl), and glucagon (35 +/- 3 pg/ml) were unchanged during euglycemia but increased significantly during hypoglycemia, with a glycemic threshold of approximately 80 mg/dl. On day 2, all mice underwent a hypoglycemic clamp (blood glucose, 64 +/- 1 mg/dl). Compared with mice that were euglycemic on day 1, previously hypoglycemic mice had significantly higher glucose requirements and significantly lower plasma glucagon and corticosterone (n = 6/group) on day 2. Epinephrine tended to decrease, although not significantly, in repeatedly hypoglycemic mice. Pre- and post-clamp insulin levels were similar between groups. We conclude that counterregulatory responses to acute and repeated hypoglycemia in unrestrained, chronically cannulated mice reproduce aspects of counterregulation in humans, and that repeated hypoglycemia in mice is a useful model of counterregulatory failure.

The effect of blood sampling method on indicators of physiological stress in reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

The effects of manual blood sampling and remote blood sampling using automatic blood sampling equipment (ABSE) on plasma cortisol and catecholamine concentrations were studied on eight adult female reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus). Contemporary body temperatures and heart rates were also recorded to determine their utility as other possible stress indicators. The animals were blood sampled once every hour with ABSE on 9–10 May and then by manual blood sampling on 13–14 May. Animals were also fitted with equipment to record heart rate and body temperature. Heart rate and body temperature were also recorded continuously without blood sampling on 17–18 May in undisturbed control conditions. Plasma cortisol concentrations were five-to-six fold greater during manual blood sampling compared to sampling with ABSE ( F 1,3=13.34, P<0.05). Plasma noradrenaline concentrations were significantly higher ( F 1,3=22.98, P<0.05) during manual blood sampling compared to sampling with ABSE, whereas plasma adrenaline concentrations did not differ. Heart rate was higher during manual blood sampling compared to control values. Body temperature was significantly higher during manual sampling compared to values recorded without blood sampling ( F 1,4=31.65, P<0.01). In conclusion, plasma cortisol concentration provides an excellent indicator of handling stress in reindeer. The use of ABSE for blood sampling enables measurements of plasma cortisol levels close to basal concentrations that may be used for reference values in studies where indicators of physiological stress are required.

Pentagastrin-induced sleep panic attacks: panic in the absence of elevated baseline arousal

Background It has been suggested that pharmacological challenges that induce panic attacks are confounded by effects of environmental stress, elevated baseline arousal, and expectancy bias. Methods To control for effects of arousal and cognition on the panicogenic effects of pentagastrin, pharmacological challenges were conducted during sleep in seven patients with panic disorder or social phobia. All patients had previously experienced pentagastrin-induced panic while awake. Infusions of normal saline and pentagastrin (0.6 μg/kg) were administered in fixed order and timed so that pentagastrin infusions took place during the transition from Stage 2 to Stage 3 sleep. Long intravenous lines were placed for remote blood sampling and subsequent analysis of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol. Measures of anxiety and panic were obtained at baseline and upon awakening after pharmacological challenge. Results All seven subjects awoke within seconds following pentagastrin infusion. Four patients reported symptoms that met criteria for panic. Neither baseline anxiety nor neuroendocrine measures were predictive of panic. Conclusions These data demonstrate the ability to induce panic during a period of diminishing arousal and indicate that panic attacks can occur in the absence of elevated arousal and environmental stress.

Hourly measurement of plasma leptin and cortisol concentrations in non-pregnant ewes under group housing conditions over 23 hours

The closely related actions of cortisol and leptin (Ahima &amp; Flier, 2000) are involved with appetite, tissue growth and maturation, energy balance and weight deposition so that resistance to either may lead to obesity. In normal weight humans, plasma leptin and cortisol exhibit diurnal variation, peaking during darkness and late afternoon (respectively). In sheep, the literature consensus is that plasma cortisol levels are greatest during daylight. Ovine plasma leptin is also reported to vary in response to photoperiod-driven changes (Bocquier et al., 1998) and such as alterations in voluntary feed intake as daylength changes. Daily circadian patterns, however, are thought to be entrained by the time of daily feed presentation (Marie et al., 2001). The aim of the present study was to investigate the diurnal variation in ovine plasma leptin in unrestrained animals with ad-lib access to hay and water in relation to their plasma cortisol profile over the same period. Remote blood sampling was employed in order to reduce sampling stress that would affect the animals’ plasma physiology.

Ultradian, circadian and seasonal rhythms in cortisol secretion and adrenal responsiveness to ACTH and yarding in unrestrained red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags.

Seasonal changes in the activity and responsiveness of the adrenal gland in red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags were quantified by measuring 24 h endogenous cortisol secretory profiles and plasma cortisol responses to either administration of exogenous ACTH or a standardised stressor during November (period of velvet growth), February (pre-rut), April (mid-rut) and July (post-rut) (southern hemisphere) using a remote blood sampling device (DracPac). Ultradian rhythms in the concentration of plasma cortisol were observed resulting from the episodic secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex at a mean rate of 0.8 pulses/h. Circadian rhythms in plasma cortisol concentrations were also found in 11 out of the 20 complete 24 h profiles (mean amplitude, 3.8+/-1.4 ng/ml). Seasonal rhythms in mean 24 h plasma cortisol concentrations and cortisol pulse parameters were also observed. Mean 24 h plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in November (12.5+/-1.0 ng/ml) than in February (6.3+/-1.0 ng/ml), April (4.0+/-1.0 ng/ml) or July (4.2+/-1. 0 ng/ml). Cortisol pulse height, nadir and amplitude were all significantly higher in November than at other times of the year (P<0.01). Peak cortisol concentrations following infusion of ACTH(1-24) (0.04 IU kg(-1)) were higher (P<0.05) in November (55.8+/-2.7 ng/ml) and lower (P<0.001) in April (33.7+/-1.8 ng/ml) than those in February and July (48.7+/-2.0 ng/ml and 45.4+/-2.0 ng/ml respectively). The area under the cortisol response curve was significantly smaller (P<0.05) in April (266.6+/-15.3 ng/ml/190 min) than at other times of the year (February, 366.1+/-15.3 ng/ml/190 min; July, 340.7+/-15.3 ng/ml/190 min and November, 387.8+/-21.2 ng/ml/190 min). These data demonstrate that the adrenal gland of the red deer stag exhibits ultradian, circadian and seasonal rhythms in activity, and that its responsiveness to ACTH varies with season. November, a period of reproductive quiescence in the southern hemisphere, with new antler growth and rapid weight gain, is associated with higher mean plasma cortisol concentrations and a greater responsiveness to exogenous ACTH. In contrast, the breeding season is associated with lower adrenal activity and responsiveness.

The behavioural and physiological responses of farmed red deer ( Cervus elaphus) penned adjacent to other species

The experiment describes the implications of red deer ( Cervus elaphus) being kept in pens in close proximity to other species as may occur during abattoir lairage. Twenty groups of five male yearling red deer were used to study behavioural and physiological responses over a 2-h period to one of five treatments: red deer penned adjacent to either an empty pen, unfamiliar red deer, cattle or pigs, and red deer which had previously been exposed to cattle (previously grazed adjacent to cattle) penned adjacent to cattle. Alert behaviour was significantly affected by treatment and groups of red deer penned next to cattle spent more time being alert than when next to unfamiliar red deer (0.68 vs. 0.32 scans; P < 0.05). Red deer next to cattle or pigs tended to spend less time idling than when next to an empty pen and engaged in more agonistic interactions over a 2-h period (15.6 and 22.8 vs. 6.1 interactions per deer respectively; P < 0.001). When next to cattle or pigs, less lying was observed than when next to unfamiliar red deer and red deer were less dispersed in the test pen, spending more time in areas furthest away from the alternative species than in areas closest to them ( P < 0.001). Heart rates of red deer penned next to cattle (70.3 beats per min (bpm)), pigs (77.5 bpm) and unfamiliar red deer (72.1 bpm) were not significantly different. Red deer previously exposed to cattle and penned next to cattle and red deer penned next to pigs had higher heart rates than those penned next to an empty pen (79.1 and 77.5 vs. 67.3 bpm; P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively). Plasma cortisol concentrations in samples collected at 20-min intervals, using a remote blood sampling system (two replicate groups of five deer per treatment), were higher in red deer penned next to unfamiliar red deer (69.8 nmol l −1) than in the other treatments (mean values between 33.0 and 53.1 nmol l −1; P < 0.001). Total lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly affected by treatment P < 0.01) and was greatest in red deer next to unfamiliar red deer (599 IU l −1) but there was no treatment effect on LDH5 isoenzyme activity. It was concluded that there was some evidence to suggest that previous exposure to cattle made red deer exhibit more aversion to cattle when subsequently penned adjacent to them and that pigs appeared to be more aversive to the red deer than cattle.

Effects of yarding and handling procedures on stress responses of red deer stags ( Cervus elaphus)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative stressfulness of different components of typical yarding and close handling procedures on red deer stags. Behavioural observations, remotely collected blood samples and heart rate measures were obtained from undisturbed animals at pasture, during one of three procedures involving yarding, handling and restraint, and after return to pasture. The ‘Pen’ group (six stags per group) was left undisturbed in an indoor pen for 12 min. The ‘Draft’ treatment required a handler to enter the pen (twice) and move the animals around. The ‘Crush’ procedure required animals to be drafted from the group and restrained in a pneumatic drop-floor crush for 2 min. Plasma cortisol, lactate and glucose levels were elevated relative to pre-handling levels after all three handling procedures, with the greatest increases following the Crush treatment. Heart rate and three haematological parameters (haematocrit, red blood cell number and haemoglobin) also increased as a result of the handling treatments, with increases following Draft and Crush being greater than after Pen. Behaviourally, animals exposed to the three handling procedures spent similar total amounts of time standing, walking, grazing and lying upon release back to pasture, but Crush animals began grazing 20–40 min later than the Pen and Draft groups. These data indicate that the three handling procedures examined resulted in perturbations (from levels in undisturbed animals) of measures which are indicators of stress responses. However, given that all measures rapidly returned to resting values, deer wellbeing does not appear to be unduly compromised by such handling practices. The present study again demonstrates the usefulness of remote blood sampling devices for collecting blood from free-ranging flighty animals by eliminating the confounding effects of stress associated with manual blood sampling techniques.

A chronic jugular catheterization for remote blood sampling in freely moving mink

The cannulation method consists of implanting a silastic catheter in the jugular vein. Passing subcutaneously, the catheter emerges on the back between the scapulae. It is protected by a spiral spring and anchored on a support outside the wire pen. Two swivels, the first one at the point of subcutaneous entry of the catheter on the mink, the second one on the emerging catheter at the top of the cage, allow movements of the mink without twisting up the catheter. Using this chronic cannulation system, the effects of handling and anaesthesia on concentrations of plasma PRL and LH have been studied.

Stimulation of insulin release and suppression of feeding by hepatic portal glucagon infusion in rats

Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were measured in rats by remote blood sampling techniques 5 and 25 min after the start of a continuous intraportal glucagon infusion (0.33, 1.0, 3.3, 10 and 33 μg/kg/min). Plasma insulin levels were elevated in a dose-related fashion by glucagon, with the highest dose producing a 23-fold increase above control levels. In contrast, the glycemic effect of glucagon was not dose-related. Glucagon-induced hyperglycemia was similar for all glucagon doses, despite the fact that a glucagon dose range spanning two orders of magnitude was used. In a second experiment, plasma glucose and insulin were measured as described above at two glucagon infusion rates (1 and 10 μg/kg/min), but the animals were allowed to eat during the infusion. Results showed that the effects of glucagon infusions on plasma insulin and glucose were additive with the normal prandial changes in these substances. Finally, food intake was inversely related to insulin level and dissociated from the hyperglycemia during glucagon infusion. These results show that exogenous glucagon provides a potent stimulus for insulin release in the rat both in the presence and in the absence of food. Furthermore, these results in combination with other data suggest that glucagon-induced hyperinsulinemia merits further investigation as one possible determinant of glucagon satiety in the rat.

Comparison of serum cortisol and prolactin in sheep blood sampled by two methods

The objective was to compare serum cortisol and prolactin levels in sheep following remote blood sampling with levels after the animals were handled. Twelve ovariectomized ewes were studied during two consecutive years. Each year, six ewes were kept in metabolism crates inside a building for 1 month. During this period they were accustomed to being handled. Prior to sampling, sheep were assigned to two groups (A and B) of three. Group A animals were fitted with an iv-catheter in one jugular vein (conventional sampling) and a 4 m long polyvinyl cannula in the other jugular vein (remote sampling). Group B animals were fitted only with the iv-catheter. In the first part of the study, group A sheep were sampled remotely and undisturbed for 3 hr at 10-min intervals and immediately afterwards were sampled conventionally for an additional 3 hr at 10-min intervals. In the second part of the study, group A animals were sampled remotely while group B animals were sampled conventionally for 3 hr at 10-min intervals. During this sampling period, group A animals, although not handled, were aware of disturbances in the sampling room. Serum cortisol (28.6 ± 0.9 vs. 11.8 ± 0.7; x ± SEM ; ng/ml) and prolactin (58.1 ± 3.6 vs. 32.7 ± 2.9; x ± SEM ; ng/ml) levels were higher (P<.05) when samples were obtained conventionally than when samples were obtained remotely and undisturbed. In spite of disturbances during sampling, cortisol (9.1 ± 0.6 vs. 18.9 ± 0.8; x ± SEM ; ng/ml) and prolactin (38.3 ± 2.9 vs 59.6 ± 5.6; x ± SEM ; ng/ml) levels in samples obtained remotely (group A) were lower (P<.05) than in samples obtained conventionally (group B). Even after previous adaptation, handling sheep during blood sampling caused a significant elevation in serum cortisol and prolactin levels.

Release of growth hormone in lactating and non-lactating goats in relation to behaviour, stages of sleep, electroencephalograms, environmental stimuli and levels of prolactin, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids in the circulation.

Recording electrodes were implanted in contact with the dura mater overlying the parietal cortex of six female goats, four of which were lactating. After recovery from surgery and complete familiarization with the housing conditions, the personnel and the recording technique, each goat was observed continuously for 24 h with simultaneous recording of the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG). Remote blood sampling was carried out every 30 min without disturbing the animal. Apart from the release of growth hormone (GH) associated with morning milking in two of the goats, there was no consistent relationship between the apparently spontaneous, episodic release of GH and behvaiour, stages of sleep, cortical EEG, air temperature, time of day or night, obvious environmental stimuli which arose from the normal husbandry routine, or the levels of porlactin, insulin, glucose or free fatty acids in the blood. There was also no relationship between the release of prolactin and the stages of sleep.

Plasma growth hormone response to capture and venipuncture in caged monkeys.

SummaryA large percentage of very high plasma immunoreactive growth hormone values was observed in cage-housed rhesus monkeys after net capture and manual restraint for saphenous venipuncture during about a 5-min period. Following chair restraint, mean values were significantly lower, but individual values were still somewhat variable apparently in relation to saphenous venipuncture alone, as judged by lower and less variable values obtained by means of remote blood sampling through chronic indwelling venous catheters. The present findings suggesting marked plasma growth hormone responses in the monkey to net capture, handling, and venipuncture, occurring within about a 5-min period, add emphasis to the need to consider not only the sensitivity of this endocrine system to psychological influences, but also the rapidity with which psychoendocrine responses may be reflected in growth hormone levels, even within the time of a single venipuncture.

A chronic cross-transfusion technique in freely behaving rats by use of a single heart catheter.

ArticleA chronic cross-transfusion technique in freely behaving rats by use of a single heart catheter.J TerkelJ TerkelPublished Online:01 Oct 1972https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1972.33.4.519MoreSectionsPDF (907 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByEffects of 4-tert-octylphenol given in drinking water for 4 months on the male reproductive system of Fischer 344 ratsReproductive Toxicology, Vol. 18, No. 1Neuropeptide Y and Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Synergize to Stimulate the Development of Cellular Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in the Hamster AdenohypophysisJournal of Neuroendocrinology, Vol. 7, No. 9Induction of Cellular Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in the Hamster Adenohypophysis Requires Intermittent Stimulation by Luteinizing Hormone Releasing HormoneJournal of Neuroendocrinology, Vol. 7, No. 5Effects of in vivo dihydrotestosterone treatment on changes in nocturnal surge of prolactin, luteal ultrastructure and P-450SCC mRNA and protein content in pregnant ratsMolecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Vol. 77, No. 1-3Maternal Behavior: Sensory, Hormonal, and Neural DeterminantsPlasma levels of dihydrotestosterone in the cycling rat: Implications for the regulation of lordosis behaviorPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 42, No. 2Indwelling Vascular Cannulas for Remote Blood Sampling, Infusion, and Long-Term Instrumentation of Small Laboratory AnimalsEffects of ketohexosemia on the ketohexose transport in the small intestine of ratsBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 772, No. 3Methods for Vascular Access and Collection of Body Fluids from the Laboratory RatJournal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 72, No. 5β-Endorphin-induced increases in plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine in rats: inhibition of adrenomedullary response by intracerebral somatostatinBrain Research, Vol. 212, No. 1β-Endorphin-induced hyperglycemia is mediated by increased central sympathetic outflow to adrenal medullaBrain Research, Vol. 204, No. 1Topographic organization of the orientation column system in the striate cortex of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). II. Deoxyglucose mappingThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 192, No. 3Lack of stimulation of phasic LH release by catechol estrogens in the ratLife Sciences, Vol. 26, No. 9Neuroendocrine Correlates of Female-Offspring Interaction in Maternal RatsProgress in the Study of Maternal Behavior in the Rat: Hormonal, Nonhormonal, Sensory, and Developmental AspectsDeoxyglucose mapping of the orientation column system in the striate cortex of the tree shrew, Tupaia glisBrain Research, Vol. 142, No. 3Odor-induced patterns of deoxyglucose consumption in the olfactory bulb of the tree shrew,Tupaia glisBrain Research, Vol. 124, No. 1Dual cerebroventricular and vascular cannulation technique for use in conscious ratsPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 18, No. 1Acute intravenous infusion in freely moving rats through the sagittal and transverse sinusesPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Vol. 4, No. 4Milk Secretory Response of the Conscious Lactating Rat Following Intravenous Injections of Rat ProlactinJournal of Dairy Science, Vol. 58, No. 12A technique for long-term blood sampling or intravenous infusion in the freely moving ratBiochemical Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 3Effects of ether anesthesia on plasma prolactin samplingExperientia, Vol. 31, No. 6In vivo measurement of32P in the brain of a freely moving ratJournal of Neuroscience Research, Vol. 1, No. 3-4Adaptation of a double swivel for cross-transfusionBehavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, Vol. 7, No. 1Evidence for a Steady Rate of Secretion of Prolactin Following Suckling in the RatJournal of Dairy Science, Vol. 57, No. 8A chronic intravenous cannulation technique adapted for behavioral studiesHormones and Behavior, Vol. 5, No. 2A flexible technique for long term infusions in unrestrained ratsPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Vol. 2, No. 1 More from this issue > Volume 33Issue 4October 1972Pages 519-22 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1972.33.4.519PubMed5075852History Published online 1 October 1972 Published in print 1 October 1972 Metrics

Maturational changes in pressure gradients for glomerular filtration.

Maturational changes in pressure gradients for glomerular filtration.

Permanent cannulation of blood vessels in mice.

ArticlePermanent cannulation of blood vessels in mice.P Popovic, H Sybers, and V P PopovicP Popovic, H Sybers, and V P PopovicPublished Online:01 Nov 1968https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1968.25.5.626MoreSectionsPDF (659 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat "Permanent cannulation of blood vessels in mice.." Journal of Applied Physiology, 25(5), pp. 626–627 Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByCombined implanted central venous access and cortical recording electrode array in freely behaving miceMethodsX, Vol. 8Blood collection in unstressed, conscious, and freely moving mice through implantation of catheters in the jugular vein: a new simplified protocol13 November 2018 | Physiological Reports, Vol. 6, No. 21Minimally Invasive Monitoring of Chronic Central Venous Catheter Patency in Mice Using Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)22 June 2015 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 10, No. 6Mouse26 November 2013How to achieve chronic intravenous drug self-administration in miceJournal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, Vol. 53, No. 2Cannulation Techniques for Multiple Blood Withdrawal in MiceA new method to catheterize a femoral artery in mice using a nylon suture as a 'guide wire'19 July 2013 | Neurological Research, Vol. 23, No. 6Pharmacokinetics of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(N,N-di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OHDPAT) in the rat after intravenous and oral administration22 September 2008 | Xenobiotica, Vol. 25, No. 12Afferent control of pressor responses to feeding in young ratsPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 53, No. 3Pharmacological modification of tumor blood flow: Lack of correlation between alteration of mean arterial blood pressure and changes in tumor perfusionInternational Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Vol. 22, No. 1Blood pressure responses to milk ejection in the young ratPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 37, No. 1Indwelling Vascular Cannulas for Remote Blood Sampling, Infusion, and Long-Term Instrumentation of Small Laboratory AnimalsEffect of Localized Ultrasonic Hyperthermia on Spontaneous Mammary TumorsBrain concentrations of [14C]pentobarbital after intracarotid, intravenous, and intraperitoneal injectionGeneral Pharmacology: The Vascular System, Vol. 8, No. 5-6Effects of differential hypothermia and 5-fluorouracil on C3H mouse mammary tumors: Histologic studyCryobiology, Vol. 13, No. 3Blood gas analyses of hibernating hamsters and dormicePfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 366, No. 2-3Methods for Obtaining Drug Time Course Data from Individual Small laboratory Animals: Serial Microblood Sampling and Assay22 September 2008 | Drug Metabolism Reviews, Vol. 5, No. 2Heart rates, breathing rates and the effects of atropine and acetylcholine on white-footed mice (Peromyscus sp.) during daily torporComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 33, No. 2 More from this issue > Volume 25Issue 5November 1968Pages 626-7 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1968.25.5.626PubMed5687370History Published online 1 November 1968 Published in print 1 November 1968 Metrics