Remote Areas In Indonesia Research Articles

Implementasi Pojok Literasi Sebagai Strategi Penigkatan Literasi Siswa di Lingkungan SDN 1 Tongka Kalimantan Tengah

This community service program was implemented to address the low literacy levels among students in remote areas of Central Kalimantan, specifically at SDN 1 Tongka, Gunung Timang District, North Barito Regency. The main objective of the program was to implement a literacy corner as a strategy to improve student literacy and create a sustainable literacy ecosystem in the school environment. The method used included participatory and adaptive approaches, applying the concept of a "mobile literacy corner" adapted to the limitations of local space and resources. The program was carried out over 45 days, covering preparation, implementation, and evaluation phases. The results showed a significant increase in students' reading interest, with a 68% rise in the frequency of visits to the literacy corner. Pre-test and post-test evaluations indicated an average increase in students' literacy skills of 27%, particularly in reading comprehension and vocabulary mastery. Participatory observation revealed the formation of a stronger literacy culture in the school environment, characterized by student-initiated literacy discussions and increased use of references in academic tasks. The program also successfully developed an adaptive and contextual model for implementing literacy corners, which has the potential to be replicated in other remote areas of Indonesia.

Training of HOTS integration in elementary school level mathematics teaching as an effort to strengthen state defense awareness

Strengthening state defense awareness could be supported by the existence of educators from remote and border areas who have adequate performance of high-order thinking skills (HOTS). Currently, HOTS has not been consistently introduced in mathematics learning for teachers in remote areas. This study is a part of the teachers’ development program concerned with delivering effective methods in teaching mathematics at the elementary school level and gaining teachers’ State Defense Awareness to provide educators’ perspectives regarding HOTS implementation in mathematics learning in remote areas of Indonesia. Data was collected by giving questionnaires to the teachers as pre-tests and post-tests. The results showed that the teachers of some remote areas recognized the advantages as well as the difficulties of HOTS integration in learning activities. Teachers' understanding of applying HOTS in mathematics teaching could be slightly increased through comprehensive training regarding HOTS. It was also found that teachers from remote and border areas are still required to be more encouraged to implement and develop HOTS in mathematics learning through training in education research activities.

Strategies for the Success of Leaders in Managing Non-Formal Schools in Remote Areas in Indonesia

Strategies for the Success of Leaders in Managing Non-Formal Schools in Remote Areas in Indonesia

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to map leprosy-related disability in rural and remote areas in Indonesia.

The International Classification of Function, Disability, and Health (ICF-WHO, 2001) recognizes several dimensions of disability, such as body structure and function (and impairment thereof), activity (and activity restrictions) and participation (and participation restriction) and their interactions with contextual factor (personal and environmental). In this study, we map and analyse the relationship between the components of ICF in leprosy patients from two rural areas in Indonesia: Lewoleba (East Nusa Tenggara) and Likupang (North Minahasa). This study was part of a community outreach program by the KATAMATAKU team from Universitas Indonesia. The body structure was graded using the WHO hand and feet disability grade and the number of enlarged nerves, while the body function was measured by the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test (JTT) and Timed-up and Go (TUG). Activity limitation and participation restriction were measured using the Screening Activity Limitation Safety Awareness (SALSA) Scale and Participation Scale (P-scale), respectively. There were 177 leprosy patients from the two regions and 150 patients with complete data were included in the analysis. We found 82% (95% CI: 75.08%-87.32%) of subjects with multibacillary leprosy, 10.67% (95% CI: 6.67%-16.62%) of subjects with grade 2 WHO hand disability, and 9.33% (95% CI: 5.64%-15.06%) of subjects with grade 2 WHO foot disability. Assessment using the SALSA Scale showed 29.33% of subjects with limitation activity and 11.33% with participation restriction. Age was shown to have positive correlations with SALSA, JTT, and TUG. Inter-dimensional analysis showed that the SALSA scale had significant positive correlations with the number of nerve enlargements, P-scale, JTT, and TUG. SALSA scores of grade 2 WHO hand and foot disability were also significantly higher than grades 1 and 0. The participation scale also had a positive correlation with JTT but not TUG. Hand disability seemed to affect societal participation while foot did not. We used the ICF to describe and analyse dimensions of leprosy-related disability in Indonesia.

A critical evaluation of DC microgrid implementation in Indonesia: opportunities and challenges

This study thoroughly investigates the potential of direct current (DC) microgrids to enhance electricity access in rural and remote areas of Indonesia that continue to face significant obstacles despite ongoing national electrification efforts. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this research comprehensively evaluates socio-economic and technical factors that influence the adoption of DC microgrids. The results indicate that DC microgrids offer significant potential for enhancing energy access, reliability, and sustainability, particularly when combined with renewable energy sources. This aligns with Indonesia’s move towards renewable energy. Nevertheless, the analysis identifies significant obstacles, such as the substantial initial investment, the requirement for complete regulatory frameworks, and the technological complexities that need to be conquered. In conclusion, DC microgrids present a promising solution for rural electrification. However, the implementation requires a strategy that emphasizes strategic investments, policy innovation, and capacity-building initiatives. This research significantly contributes to the study of sustainable energy by evaluating the criticality of integrating policies and technology for implementing DC microgrids as a key factor in achieving sustainable energy access in Indonesia.

Retention of Doctors and Dentists to Serve in Remote Areas in Indonesia: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Retaining doctors and dentists in remote areas of Indonesia remains a national priority of the Indonesian government. The purpose of this study was to analyze the interventions for retention of doctors and dentists in remote areas using the discrete choice experiment (DCE) approach. A DCE was conducted to investigate preferences of doctors and dentists for retention in remote areas. This research was conducted in 78 primary healthcare settings across 15 provinces in Indonesia. The conditional logit model was used to explore stated preferences for each attribute. The total number of respondents was 158, including 113 doctors and 45 dentists. In general, doctors placed the highest preference on getting priority for government scholarships to facilitate retention in remote areas (OR=5.65, p<0.001). Specifically, dentists preferred security guarantees from local government (OR = 4.87, p<0.001). Both groups valued having an official residence (OR=3.6, p<0.001) as a factor for retention in remote areas. Scholarship, security guarantees, housing facilities, and medical facilities were the most considered factors for retaining doctors and dentists in a remote area. This study confirms the importance of a combination of interventions in maintaining doctors and dentists in remote areas. Policy options in the form of non-financial and financial intervention packages can be combined to improve their retention.

Investigating geometry adjustments for enhanced performance in a PeLUIt-10 MWt pebble bed HTGR with OTTO refueling scheme

This research investigates the impact of changes in reactor geometry to discover more optimal dimensional options for nuclear power plants with potential applications in remote areas of Indonesia. The reactor used is PeLUIt-10, a pebble bed High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) with a 10 MWt capacity and a “once-through-then-out” or OTTO fuel loading scheme. The neutronic and thermal–hydraulic performances of PeLUIt-10 were analyzed with its core size altered, first by modifying its height-to-diameter ratio (H/D ratio) and second by reducing its core volume. These analyses were performed using the Pebble Bed Reactor Neutron Diffusion (PEBBED) Code, a specialized tool to analyze HTGR reactor physics parameters, particularly Pebble Bed Reactors.. Neutronic parameters analyzed include total fuel flow, burnup, power peaking factor, and power density distribution. For thermal-hydraulics and safety, parameters include steady-state and transient fuel temperatures, especially in Depressurized Loss of Forced Cooling (DLOFC) accidents. Results show that the optimal design, maintaining a volume of 5 m3, is a reactor with a height of 159.57 cm and a diameter of 200 cm (H/D ratio of 0.8). The fuel can achieve a maximum burnup of 80.97 MWD/kg-HM at this size. Power density distribution at these dimension is better than another dimensions, with a relatively low power peaking value of 1.4. For safety parameters, the fuel temperature in transient conditions remains below the safety limit. Meanwhile, when the core volume is reduced, the minimum burnup target of 60 MWD/kg-HM at a reactor volume of 4.4 m3 with a diameter of 172 cm and height of 189.2 cm. Thus, for OTTO-cycle PeLUIt-10, altering H/D ratio is more beneficial.

Investigate The Factors of Community Intermittency Education in Remote Area (Case Study of Pujananting)

Intermittency Education is a phenomenon that is common in remote areas. This research aims to explore the factors that cause intermittency education in remote areas in Indonesia, namely Pujananting. This research uses a qualitative approach. Informants who were used as research subjects included local governments, teachers and communities experiencing intermittency education. Analysis in exploring the factors that cause intermittency education uses qualitative analysis. The results of the research show that the causes of intermittency education in communities in remote areas such as those in the Pujananting area consist of socio-economic conditions, social interactions, accessibility, and the role of the social environment. These causal factors are related to each other so that there needs to be continuous efforts to minimize the occurrence of intermittency education in the future.

Profil Penyakit Kulit Penduduk Perkampungan Terapung Kepulauan Tihi-tihi dan Selangan, Bontang, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia

Introduction: Tihi-tihi and Selangan Islands, floating village areas in Bontang, East Kalimantan, are remote areas in Indonesia, which can only be accessed by sea route. The research was conducted to describe skin diseases in those islands. Method: Retrospective observational cross-sectional and descriptive analysis study on floating communities in Tihi-tihi and Selangan Island, Bontang Lestari Village, South Bontang District, Bontang City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Results: The study was conducted on 95 subjects, mostly female (53%), and the largest age group was 26-45 years (29%), followed by the 5-11 years group (24%). Skin infection diseases (58.96%) were dominated by scabies (67.9% of the skin infection disease group). The second highest was allergic contact dermatitis (41%) from the non-infection group. There is an association between age and disease group (p&lt;0.05), with an odds ratio of 3.164. Conclusion: Skin diseases in Tihi-tihi and Selangan Islands are dominated by scabies, followed by allergic contact dermatitis. The pediatric age group is at a three-fold greater risk of developing skin infections than non-infection skin diseases.

What medical specialists want to stay in remote areas of Indonesia: Discrete choice experiments.

The equitable distribution of medical specialists in Indonesia's remote areas remains a challenge. This study investigated the preferences of medical specialists regarding retention programs aimed at addressing this issue. A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was utilized to collect stated preferences from 341 medical specialist working in district general hospitals across 10 Indonesian provinces. The DCE retention questionnaire focused on eight key characteristics: location, medical facilities, net income, continuing professional development program, security, length of commitment, source of incentives, and caseload. The study found that the most influential factors for retention in remote areas were security guarantees from the local government (OR = 6.11), fully funded continuing professional development programs (OR = 2.84), and access to advanced medical facilities (OR = 2.35). The findings indicate that a comprehensive intervention package, with a particular emphasis on security provisions, is necessary to retain medical specialists in remote areas. Financial incentives are also recommended to improve retention. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that no single intervention will suffice, as the factors influencing specialist retention in remote areas of Indonesia are complex and multifaceted.

Design and economic analysis of integrated power systems with solar cell-diesel-battery-micro hydro off-grid (a case study of pinal village samosir district)

The need for electrical energy in remote areas in Indonesia is essential. The use of Renewable Energy in Indonesia until 2020 will only reach 2.5% or around 10.5 gigawatts of its total potential. The government is targeting % a national energy mix of 23% to be sourced from renewable energy in 2025. Pinal Village has an area of 295 Ha consisting of 48 heads of families with a population of approximately 182 people whose livelihoods are primarily farmers and servants. The Pinal village is one of the remote villages in the Sianjur Mula-mula sub-district, surrounded by mountains. There is no road access to the village, and it can only be accessed by boat, so the electricity network owned by the government (PLN) has not yet entered the Pinal village area. Therefore, efforts are needed to develop a power generation system to supply electricity in the village. Simulation with HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resource), which shows a feasible generator configuration system to be built is a Solar PV-Battery-Diesel-Microhydro configuration system where the solar panel has a capacity of 54.5 kW, batteries with a total of 240 units, Diesel with a capacity of 25 kW and the output power of the micro hydro is 5.09 kW, the payback period is 15.8 years with a lifetime of the generating system for 20 years, the electricity production cost is IDR 1,744/kWh, fuel consumption is 6.2 liters/day, the emissions generated are 4,685 kg/year with land use of ±267.25 m2.

The Dynamics of Women’s Empowerment as a Real-life Alternative Project for Women’s Engagement in the Traditional Coffee Industry

This study aims to explore the role of women in traditional coffee factories in remote areas of Indonesia. It employs the Power and representation analysis, phenomenological research, and “Representing Other” approach in Travel Literature to examine how people use a universal structure or essence to understand their experiences. It highlights the significance of women's involvement in the coffee industry, particularly those who have long been part of the field. The research specifically examines the contribution of women to the world of traditional coffee factories, using a case study of "Kopi Cap 3 Kunci" located in Barabai, Hulu Sungai Tengah, South Kalimantan. Its goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of women in the coffee industry and their contributions to traditional coffee practices. Furthermore, to identify the challenges faced by women in their participation of practices and explores strategies to promote gender equality and empower women in the coffee industry. The findings of this study have important implications for policy and practice, as they inform initiatives to enhance the participation and contributions of women in the coffee industry.

Comparative Study of Education Equity Policy in Remote Areas in Indonesia and Malaysia

This research aims to compare the education equity policies in remote areas of Indonesia and Malaysia to identify the differences, similarities, and effectiveness in addressing socioeconomic disparities between urban and remote regions. The study examines policy documents, government reports, and previous research using a qualitative comparative approach. Indonesia employs a regional autonomy approach, while Malaysia adheres to a centralized system in education policy. Both countries have adopted financial assistance programs to increase the participation of students from low-income families in remote areas. Critical challenges in policy implementation include limited facilities and infrastructure, demanding access to transportation, limited human resources, and sociocultural barriers. The study finds that policy successes are evident in increased student participation, improved infrastructure accessibility, provision of teaching staff, and community support. However, budget constraints and human resource limitations remain significant obstacles. The research concludes that effective education equity policies require proactive government involvement, active community participation, and periodic monitoring and evaluation to enhance policy effectiveness.

Design of Exo Physics Book Based on Mobile Application as a Means of Literacy Learning Media for Remote Areas in Indonesia

The Indonesian Ministry of Education pays a lot of attention to education in remote areas. The lack of equal education and the level of access to education are two of the main reasons. In remote areas of Indonesia, there are still very few educational facilities, either in the form of infrastructure or other facilities, one of which is learning resources. Today's learning resources can only be used in well-developed, easy-to-reach cities. They can't be used in less-developed, remote, or remotest areas. Reports and results of observations from some remote areas say that almost all children have used Android, but not to play games as it was meant to be used. It opens up opportunities, especially for making learning tools that can be used anywhere and at any time without a stable internet connection. This means that kids can use them whenever and wherever they want. Therefore, the Exo physics book is designed with this in mind. This study aims to develop a learning resource as a packaged Android application using design thinking and scientific literacy approaches. (1)empathizing, (2) defining, (3) idling, (4) prototyping, and (5) testing comprise the design thinking phase. Five schools in remote parts of Southeast Sulawesi were used to test products with students and teachers as respondents. The result of the development of Learning media is called Exo physic book which is equipped with learning video and game features in addition to materials and questions. The findings of the analysis of teacher and student responses to the Exo physic book strongly support point 4 that it should be used as a resource for learning support. Therefore, Exo physics books can be used as one of the learning resources because the design development pays attention to network access needs so that students can use it anywhere and anytime

Analysis of the Academic Atmosphere of Public Junior High Schools in Remote Areas in Indonesia: Case Study in Tojo Una - Una District, Central Sulawesi Province

Analysis of the Academic Atmosphere of Public Junior High Schools in Remote Areas in Indonesia: Case Study in Tojo Una - Una District, Central Sulawesi Province

Perceptions of Mental Health and Poverty in East Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia: An Indigenous Psychology Approach

This study aimed to investigate perceptions of mental health and poverty as well as their relationship in remote areas of Indonesia. The investigation was conducted due to the lack of mental health services in the area and a limited understanding of the psychological factors associated with perceptions of mental health and poverty in developing countries. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used, involving 22 participants (10 males, 12 females) with various educational and occupational backgrounds. The results showed several categories, namely the concept and causes of poverty, perceptions of physical and mental health, as well as the relationship between poverty and mental health. Among these results, the most important was the public's perception of poverty and mental health as socio-cultural phenomena interrelated due to socio-cultural or mental imbalances. Furthermore, indigenous psychology was used to investigate the behavior of people living in their local communities. This was conducted to determine the use of knowledge to interact with policies and practices to reduce poverty and improve mental health status.

Can community participation leverage changes in teacher behavior? Evidence from remote areas of Indonesia

Teacher accountability presents a formidable challenge to improving education quality in developing countries. This article examines the impact of KIAT Guru, a program enacted by the Indonesian government to address this issue. The initiative empowered communities to monitor teacher attendance and evaluate their performance. What impact did KIAT Guru have on teacher behavior and student learning? To answer these questions, we conducted case studies of nine schools. Our analysis highlights the benefits that can flow from a teacher accountability system overseen by community representatives but also underscores the importance of designing that system to fit the local context.

SPASIAL DISTRIBUTION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND DESCRIPTION OF WATER-RELATED DISEASES IN BRINGKENG VILLAGE, KAWUNGANTEN DISTRICT, CILACAP REGENCY

Access to clean water is fundamental for the population health, but for many rural and remote areas in Indonesia include Cilacap Regency those accesses are still limited. Furthermore, studies that assess the water quality in remote and rural areas in Indonesia are still lacking. Most of the people in Cilacap regency use dug wells and ponds as sources of clean water. Preliminary observations indicate that well and pond water smells fishy, reddish-yellow, or brownish. This condition indicates high iron levels. The test results showed that the iron content exceeded the standard in the pond in Sumbereja Hamlet, RT 03 RW 02, which was 9.8 mg/l (standard quality of 1 mg/l). This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of the water quality and the health-related problems in the rural areas of Cilacap Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach. We purposely sampled 40 wells and ponds located in Bringkeng Village, Cilacap Regency, Indonesia and assess the water quality by measuring the level. The results showed the lowest and the highest level of TDS (125.90-5090 mg/l), color (40 -2047 TCU), iron (0.16-6.45 mg/l), manganese (&lt;0.1- 3.61 mg/l). Health problems experienced by respondents and or their families during the last three months, namely 3 people with diarrhea, 7 people with diabetes, 12 people with gout arthritis, 10 people with hypertension, 1 person with nervous system disorders, and 7 people with dry skin disorders/scaly. All dug wells and ponds did not meet the quality standards based on TDS, color, iron, and manganese levels. Water from dug wells and ponds needs special treatment to obtain water that is suitable for hygiene and sanitation purposes.

Designing a framework for standardization and testing requirements for the solar-powered water pump system

Limited electricity networks and fuel access are problems in water supply, especially in remote areas. Implementing solar power for the pumping system is one solution to this problem. Installation of Solar Water Pumping Systems (SWPS) for remote areas is very beneficial from the triple bottom lines perspective of social, economic, and environmental. However, SWPSs cannot be utilized optimally and can experience problems and system failures if they do not follow procedures and best practices. Thus, standards and policies are needed. The development of quality parameters encountered problems due to the lack of information on the needs of stakeholders and the incomplete coverage of the required aspects. The barrier could lead to a long standard development process in reaching a consensus. This research aims to develop a framework for developing SWPS standards as stand-alone water pumping installations utilizing renewable energy for remote areas in Indonesia. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with a Framework for Analysis, comparison, and Testing of Standards (FACTS). FACTS uses four main stages: stakeholder analysis, technical analysis, comparison with international standard parameters, and testing proposed quality parameters. This framework provides additional information on formalism and structure so that standards development applies to all stakeholders. The FACTS approach is commonly used in the standardization process, especially in its preparation. The result is a framework for preparing SWPS standard(s), so they can be advanced effectively throughout the stages of standard development.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL ACCESS AND ACCESS TO PUBLIC FACILITIES CHANGES IN CONSUMPTION PATTERNS

The vast territory of Indonesia makes Indonesia rich in various foods. However, the irony is that the distribution of staple foods such as rice does not fully reach remote areas in Indonesia. This resulted in rice prices soaring and difficult to obtain. People don't care and try to switch to rice substitute foods such as bread, noodles, corn and other foods. This study aims to determine what factors influence the change in food habits from rice to non-rice. The research was conducted in Tanjung Pasir Village, Sei Merah Village, Lubuk Kertang Village, which is in Pangkalan Susu District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. The research model used is a descriptive quantitative research model. The data analysis used was Stuctural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis assisted by AMOS 20.0 software. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire instrument. The results of this study indicate that the factors of social access and public facilities influence changes in people's consumption patterns towards non-rice foods. The conclusion is that people in this area are experiencing diversification, changing consumption patterns to non-rice foods. The community prefers to look for food, especially for breakfast, to the stalls to look for non-rice foods such as bread, instant noodles, some corn and cassava. The reasons are: 1) The education factor can change people's food habits because it has an impact on the difficulty of getting a decent job, the quality of life is below standard, one of which is the difficulty to get rice; 2) The location of the market which is far away and difficult to access has resulted in soaring rice prices and this is one of the problems with public facilities; 3) The natural condition of the coast which lacks the availability of clean water and also poor sanitation makes it difficult for housewives to cook food at home.