Remittance Income Research Articles

Impact of Remittance Income on Women’s Empowerment in Nepal

Remittances are a crucial component of the global economy and a significant source of income for developing nations. They contribute significantly to the economic growth of recipient countries by providing investment opportunities, boosting consumption and women's empowerment, and reducing poverty. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of remittance income on women’s empowerment in Nepal. The research used a descriptive cross-sectional design and collected primary data through a questionnaire. Five-point likert type scaling technique was used to obtain a response to each question. Data were collected by interviewing individuals who receive remittances from banks and cooperatives in Bhimad City Tanahun. Household were randomly selected as samples including 16 from Bhimad Municipality, 8 from Rishing Rural Municipality, 10 from Ghiriing Rural Municipality, and 6 from Myadge Rural Municipality. All the households in the study area receiving remittance income throughout the year 2023 were considered as the population of the study. Descriptive statistics were employed to present the data through mean, t-test, and percentages. The results of the study showed that remittances significantly contributed to women's financial independence, education, and healthcare access, poverty alleviation, enhancing decision-making power within households, and promoting participation in community development. The consistently high p-value was 17.30 and lowest p-value was 13.30, high and low p-value indicates that there was a strong consensus among respondents regarding the positive impact of remittances on women's empowerment. The findings have significant implications for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. It highlights the need the targeted interventions that maximize the positive impact of remittances on women's empowerment while addressing potential challenges. Overall, the study emphasizes the need to recognize the critical role of remittances in promoting women's empowerment and the importance of developing effective strategies to harness their potential.

Does livelihood diversification improve food security among rural households?: evidence from Ghana

ABSTRACT Livelihood diversification (LD) is crucial for rural households due to increasing climate variability and declining farm incomes in the global south. Literature has extensively documented the benefits of LD in emerging economies. However, there is still a gap in the econometric evidence of LD on the food security of rural households in Ghana. This study addresses this gap by examining the factors that influence LD using the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 7) data collected from 133 rural households in Northern Ghana. Results from the censored Tobit regression model, multiple linear regression, and Simpson Diversification Index (SDI) indicated that diversification averaged 0.313 and ranged from 0.000 to 0.709 (zero to 70.9%). Total food expenditures (TFE) measured as a proxy of food security declined at low levels of diversification. Beyond the diversification level of 0.480, total food expenditure increased steadily. The findings revealed that only 24.6% of the households had diversification scores higher than the turning point of 0.480. The Tobit model also showed that remittance income, technical education, household size, marital status, access to extension services, and ownership of mobile phones were significant drivers of LD. The findings have demonstrated that LD improves food security in rural Ghana.

The Nexus between Remittance and Economic Growth in Nepal

Background: Remittance has been a pivotal source of financing economic activities in lower-income nations, including Nepal and could significantly boost the economy.The key objective of the study is to inspect the link between remittance inflow and economic growth in Nepal. Methodology: This study uses the Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration. The Bounds test has been carried out to explore the existence of a long-run association between variables. Results: The empirical outcomes indicated a positive and significant long-run relationship between remittance inflow and economic growth in Nepal. Similarly, capital spending and consumption expenditure have also positively and significantly contributed to the economy. Conclusion: The study concludes that remittance inflow has been supporting economic growth episodes in Nepal, and an increased flow of remittance can boost the economy permanently if it is utilized in productive and capital formation channels. Implications: The study implies that real economic growth in Nepal can be enlarged if the policymakers focus on the productive linkage of remittance income in the country. Originality: This paper is original and has not been published in other publications. Similarly, no financial support has been received while working on this paper. Paper Type: Research paper

Exploring the Impact of Remittance and Economic Growth on Inflation

This study investigates the influence of remittance income and economic growth on the inflation rate in South Asian Association for Regional Corporation (SAARC) countries. Remittance inflows have a double effect on the economy’s inflation rate: firstly, it increases consumer spending capacity, driving up demand for goods and services, which can lead to higher prices; secondly the influx of foreign currency can cause local currency appreciation, raising import costs and contributing to inflation. While previous studies have focused primarily on how inflation hinders economic growth, this study seeks to understand how economic growth causes inflation from the other side. Economic growth boosts consumer and business spending, increasing demand for goods and services, which can increase prices. Furthermore, higher demand for resources and labor can raise production costs, further contributing to inflation. The correlation between remittance income and inflation has been extensively documented, but the impact of economic growth on inflation remains to be determined. The study is based on descriptive and exploratory research design and driven by a positivist research philosophy. The present study is based on secondary data collected from World Bank reports and the countries’ economic surveys. This study uses an unbalanced panel dataset of 272 data points from eight member countries of SAARC. Basic econometric techniques such as covariance analysis, panel unit root testing, panel autoregressive distributed lag model, and scaled coefficient analysis are employed. The remittance income is only statistically significant at the 10 percent significance level. A one percent increase in remittance income leads to a 0.284 percent increase in inflation over the long run. The growth rate of gross domestic product plays a crucial role in setting inflation. One percent rise in gross domestic product growth leads to a 0.3405 percent increase in inflation in the long term. The error correction term exhibits a negative and statistically significant relationship. The coefficient size suggested that around 65.14 percent of the disequilibrium was rectified in each cycle. The current year’s lagged gross domestic product growth negatively and statistically significantly impacts economic growth. One percent rise in gross domestic product growth led to 0.3308 percent fall in inflation in the short term across SAARC countries. The results indicate that remittance income has a minimal long-term effect on inflation in SAARC nations, whereas gross domestic product growth substantially impacts inflation. Policymakers should prioritize promoting sustainable economic growth to mitigate inflationary pressures effectively.

Impact of Inflation Rate, Remittance Income, and Public Loan on Government Expenditure: Evidence Derived from the Nepalese Economy

This study examines the impact of inflation rate, remittance income, and public borrowing on the government's annual expenditure. This study is based on the descriptive and exploratory research design. It follows the positivist research philosophy and quantitative characteristics. It uses secondary data collected from various economic surveys in Nepal and reports from the World Bank. It covers 33 data points from 1990 to 2022. Simple statistical and econometric tools like descriptive statistics, robust regression analysis, Normality test, and confidence interval test are used in this study. The inflation rate, public borrowing, and remittance income are responsible for increasing Nepal's government expenditure. The inflation rate is not individually significant in determining the spending in Nepal. Remittance income has a considerable positive impact on total expenditure in Nepal. One unit increase in remittance income results in a 0.109648 unit increase in government expenditure in Nepal. Likewise, public borrowing is highly significant in explaining government expenditure. One unit increase in public borrowing results in a 1.145037 unit increase in government expenditure in Nepal. Nearly 73.69 percent variation in total government expenditure depends on Nepal's inflation rate, remittance income, and public borrowing. Policymakers in Nepal should focus on bolstering remittance inflows and implementing prudent public borrowing management strategies to foster sustainable economic growth while recognizing the limited influence of the inflation rate on government expenditure.

Determining factors and barriers to the uptake of climate change adaptation strategies of agriculture and aquaculture farm households in Myanmar

PurposeClimate change is an undeniable reality that threatens people’s livelihoods. Flooding and saltwater intrusion, along with the rising sea levels, are affecting agricultural and aquaculture livelihoods in Myanmar’s coastal areas. Although climate change adaptation is gaining popularity as a resilience strategy to cope with the negative effects of climate change, both agriculture- and aquaculture-farmers are more often deterred from implementing climate change adaptation strategies due to practical availability and socioeconomic barriers to adaptation. This study aims to evaluate the barriers and factors that influence farm household’ choice of climate change adaptation measures.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted with 599 farm households (484 rice-farmers and 115 fish farmers) based in the coastal areas of Myanmar during 2021–2022 to explore the farmer’s choice of climate change adaptation measures and the determining factors. The multinomial logit regression (MLR) model was used to examine the factors influencing the farmers’ choice of climate change adaptation strategies.FindingsThe study found out that farm households use a variety of adaptation methods at the farm level, with building embankment strategy (23.4%) in agriculture and net-fencing measure (33.9%) in fish farming being the most popular adaptation strategies. Farmers’ decisions to adopt climate change adaptation strategies are influenced by factors such as distance to market, education level of the household head, remittance income and the availability of early warning information, among others. The study also discovered that COVID-19 has had an impact on the employment opportunities of household members and the income from farming as well had a consequential effect on the adoption of climate change adaptation measures. Furthermore, lack of credit (42.4%), labor shortage (52.8%), pest and disease infestation (58.9%), high input costs (81%) and lower agricultural product prices (73%) were identified as major barriers to the adoption of climate change adaptation measures by both agriculture and aquaculture farm households.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates that the COVID-19 pandemic and farm-level barriers are the major factors influencing farm households’ choice of climate change adaptation measures, and that removing practical farm-level barriers and encouraging the adoption of adaptation techniques as potential COVID-19 recovery actions are required. This study also highlighted that the adaptive capacity of agriculture and aquaculture farm households should be strengthened through formal and informal training programs, awareness raising, the exchange of early warning information and the development of proper credit scheme programs.

The remittance‐growth nexus in leading remittance‐earning nations, controlling regulatory quality, trade openness, energy use, and financial expansion

AbstractMany emerging countries rely on incoming remittances to finance their economic growth, as remittance inflow has a variety of positive knock‐on effects. This study looks at the “remittance‐growth nexus” among the top 20 nations that earn remittances, considering regulatory quality, trade openness, energy consumption, and financial development as controlling variables. It makes use of panel data covering the years 1996–2021, the “Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG)” and “Augmented Mean Group” estimation techniques, and the “Dumitrescu‐Hurlin (D‐H)” causality assessment. The primary estimation findings demonstrate a unique outcome that incoming remittance hurts economic growth (EG). However, EG benefits from trade openness, energy use, financial expansion, and regulatory quality, which have a beneficial impact on EG. The D‐H causality assessment results support the primary estimation findings and also reveal that despite both regulatory quality's and financial expansion's influence on EG, they don't cause remittances, rather remittance inflow causes them. The findings have significant policy ramifications for inbound remittance to be routed to saving and investment, guaranteeing reliable energy availability, enhancing trade openness, a prudential banking system, and improving regulatory quality to affect EG positively.

Exploring Mechanisms behind Migration's Impact on Protein Intake of Left-Behind Household Members: A Panel Analysis from China.

Malnutrition remains a critical global health challenge, especially in rural areas, where it significantly impacts the health and economic stability of households. This study explores (1) the relationship between labor migration and dietary protein intake in households remaining in economically disadvantaged rural regions and (2) the influence of remittance income, farm earnings, self-produced food, and changes in family size due to migration on their dietary protein. Panel data were collected through a three-wave household survey of 1368 rural households across six counties in the provinces of Guizhou, Yunnan, and Shaanxi during 2012, 2015, and 2018. Employing a two-way fixed effects model, we found that labor migration positively affects the protein consumption of families left behind. The mediated effects model indicated that decreases in family size had the most significant impact on protein intake, with a value of 8.714, accounting for 0.729 of the total effect; followed by the mediating effect through crop income, at 2.579, representing 0.216 of the total effect; and livestock income, at 0.772, contributing 0.073 of the total effect. However, the mediating effects of remittance income and self-production were found to be insignificant. In conclusion, our study found that migration improves protein intake primarily through increased crop and livestock production and decreased family size. These results highlight the critical role of family structure and farm productivity in enhancing the nutrition of families affected by labor migration, offering valuable insights for policymakers.

Review on Remittance and its Effect on Human Development in Developing Countries

As a percentage of its GDP, Nepal is one of the nations that receive the most remittances worldwide. Remittance income in the context of developing countries like Nepal plays a significant role in determining the structure and dynamics of the entire economy. It also has an impact on important aspects of human development, including life expectancy at birth, the average number of years spent in school, and gross national income per person. The human development should be promoted in an economy because human beings are the end in each other without the need for any justification. Nonetheless, the link between remittances and human development in underdeveloped nations has received little research. Remittances also positively affect poverty, inequality, human capital, and life expectancy (Adams, 2011), especially in developing countries. This article reviewed the empirical evidence of ten different research article published in different journals after 2018 onwards to carry out the conclusion regarding the remittance and impact on human development.

Covid–19: Foreign Remittances and Migrants' Well-Being in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted every sphere of life and livelihoods around the world. Many migrant workers from the Global South, such as Bangladesh, working in the Gulf countries were reported to be impacted by COVID-19, but the direct voices and views of migrant workers themselves and their households are largely unknown. This research adopts a mixed-method approach to assess the impact of the pandemic on foreign remittances to Bangladesh and the well-being of migrant households. The primary data collection involved fieldwork conducted in four migrant-dense villages, situated in Mymensingh and Meherpur districts of Bangladesh. A set of 221 household surveys was administered. In addition to the surveys, 52 semi-structured interviews were carried out, engaging with key individuals at community, district, and national levels such as heads of migrant households, returnee migrants, managers of migration financiers, owners of labor recruiting agencies, officials of the district manpower office etc. Results show that although a significant number of Bangladeshi migrant workers returned home since the COVID-19 pandemic and the outflow of Bangladeshi migrant workers shrank by 69 percent in 2020, remittance inflows at the national level witnessed a growth of 18.5 percent in 2020, which did not resonate with the negative prediction made by the World Bank. However, this research found a macro-micro mismatch, indicating a substantial decline in remittances at the household level. This might be due to the existence of a robust unofficial channel for remittance sending. Approximately 62% of migrant households in the case study sites experienced a 32% reduction in remittances during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. In response to the decline in remittance income, a majority of migrant households (77%) resorted to utilizing their accumulated savings. Additionally, approximately 20% of households sought financial support and borrowing from friends, relatives, and community members. At the community level, the local economy experienced a sharp downturn, leading to a ripple effect that affected everyone within the community. To address the unofficial remittance sending, the Government of Bangladesh should implement effective measures to curb unofficial remittance channels. Upskilling initiatives have the potential to alleviate the vulnerability of Bangladeshi migrant workers, fostering increased income stability. Policymakers should place greater emphasis on crafting savings instruments tailored to the specific needs of migrant households. It is also imperative to prioritize an income diversification policy at the community level to mitigate dependence on remittances.

Socio-Economic Consequences of Remittance on Households in Pokhara Valley

There has been a continuous discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of the continuously increasing remittance flows. On the one hand, few studies in different parts of the world have noted that remittances have increased conspicuous consumption and decreased the Labour supply for farming and agriculture. Instead, several others have shown how enhancing food, health, and education can help recipient households’ quality of life. Thus, this study aims to analyze the socio-economic consequences of remittance on households in Pokhara Valley Through the use of a structured questionnaire, data on how much money families who receive and do not receive remittances spend and invest on a variety of household activities, such as food, children’s health, education, consumer goods, and asset investment, were collected, compared and analyzed using various statistical tools like frequencies, mean, standard deviation and independent samples t-test. The association of the two categories of households of the study on involvement in agriculture and farming was examined using the chi-square test. The study has shown that the remittance income has increased the purchasing power of remittance-receiving households which has led to an increment in the spending capacity of those households. The results indicate that remittance positively affects the improvement of human capital as the remittance recipient households spend more on family members’ education and health services than remittance non-recipient households do. However, remittance has also resulted in conspicuous consumption and higher spending on non-productive activities. In addition, it has adversely affected the participation of recipient families on involvement in agriculture and farming, ultimately necessitating the importation of food grains. On this basis, it is recommended that the government should develop measures that can stimulate remittance recipient families on remittance investments in the development of the domestic economy, national output, and agricultural production rather than spending on unproductive activities.

Status of Agricultural Stagnation in Nepalese Economy: A Descriptive Analysis

Agriculture contributes as a means of survival for more than half of the total population in Nepal, the production and productivity of the sector remain stagnant during the recent years. In this connection, the aim of this research paper is to find out the current status and causes of agricultural stagnation in Nepal. This is a review based descriptive research paper having quantitative information. Secondary data are used to accumulate the information and describe the result depending on the research objective. The result of this paper revealed that there are some factorsuch as technological backwardness, absentee landlords, migration, and attraction of the youth for remittance income abroad are responsible for agricultural stagnation. Mitigation of such factors through the intensification and modernization for agricultural transformation is well accepted measure to enhance agricultural outcomes by which the problem of agricultural stagnation would be resolved.

Food security amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Central Asia: Evidence from rural Tajikistan

Food security has been long understudied in the context of Central Asia. We present an analysis examining household-level food demand for Tajikistan and assessing the magnitude of its food security changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on an extensive household survey data set from Tajikistan, we estimate the expenditure, income, and price elasticities for nine food categories using the QUAIDS model. Then, we develop a microsimulation model using the estimated elasticities to assess the dual impact of declining remittance income and rising food prices stemming from the pandemic shock. There are significant differences in demand elasticities across food groups, with high elasticities observed for nutritious foods, such as meat, fruit, eggs, and milk, in rural households. Moreover, our findings show that changes in remittance income and food prices significantly negatively affected food security for rural households during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings have important implications for policymakers concerned about rural livelihoods and food security in remittance-receiving economies during the post-pandemic period.

Mapping and Understanding Changes in Tree Cover in Nepal: 1992 to 2016

Since the 1980s, Nepal, one of the poorest countries in the world, has gained worldwide recognition for its successful community forestry program. Researchers, however, have not previously documented the spatially explicit impacts of this forest transition because of the topographic effects, e.g., shading, clouds, snow, and ice, hindered remote-sensing imagery analysis. This multi-disciplinary research project used United States Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat 5, 7, and 8 surface reflected-correct imagery from 1988 to 2016 that were available in Google Earth Engine to map forest cover change across the country. We then used a RandomForest (machine learning method) and multilevel regression analyses to assess associations between changes in forest cover and physiographic and socio-economic variables. We found that between 1992 and 2016, forest cover in Nepal almost doubled. Among other variables, being a member of a community-forestry user group, and receiving remittance income from children who had migrated elsewhere to work had a positive impact on forest cover.

NIGERIA: COMPOSITE INDICATOR OF FOOD INSECURITY IN ITS CONFLICT AFFECTED REGIONS AND ITS DETERMINANTS. A HETEROSCEDASTICITY CONSISTENT TOBIT MODEL

Abstract: Conflicts constitute some negative influences on households’ economic activities. In Nigeria, the past few years have witnessed progressive crises in some states and the growing level of insecurity is affecting households’ economic livelihoods. This paper analyzed the determi nants of food insecurity indicator in conflict-affected regions in Nigeria. The data were collected in 2017 from 582 respondents in the North East, North-central, and South-South zones. The data were analyzed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and heteroscedasticity consistent Tobit regression. The results showed that in the combined data, the average number of days per week that respondents relied on less preferred food, limited food portions, and reduced the number of meal per day were 3.42, 2.68 and 2.33, respectively. The PCA was used to generate indicator of food insecurity, with North-East, Northcentral, and South-South zones having average indices of 0.16, -0.09 and -0.02, respectively. The Tobit regression results revealed that in the combined data, food insecurity was promoted by household size, urban residence and receipt of remittances, but reduced by unchanged income, credit purchase and reliance on food aid. In north central, food insecurity was promoted by receipt of remittances, but reduced by ability to grow own crops. In the north eastern zone, food insecurity was promoted by urban residence, income increased, and increase in food prices, but declined by income unchanged, and pension income. In the South-South zone, food insecurity was promoted by household size, urban residence and receipt of remittance income, but declined by credit purchase and unchanged income. It was concluded that addressing food insecurity among residents in conflict-affected areas requires preferential assistances to large families, urban residents, and those with high dependence on remittances. However, the promotion of initiatives for credit purchase, food aid the and ability to grow own crops are potentially able to reduce food insecurity. Keywords: Food insecurity, conflict, remittances, food aid, credit, Nigeria.

Effect of Tourism and Remittance Income on Economic Growth in SAARC Countries

The paper examines the effect of remittance and tourism income on economic growth in SAARC countries. It is based on the exploratory and descriptive research design and is mainly guided by the positivist research philosophy. The secondary data are used for the analysis, collected from the various reports of the World Bank and economic surveys of respective countries. The unbalanced panel data ranges from a maximum of 23 to a minimum of 14; altogether, 169 observations are evaluated. Some statistical and econometric tools like descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, panel unit root testing, and panel ARDL model are utilized to observe the relation and impact of tourism and remittance income on the GDP growth of SAARC countries. There is a high degree of correlation between GDP and remittance income. There is a moderate degree of positive association ship between GDP and tourism income. Tourism and remittance income positively and significantly impact the economic growth of SAARC countries in the long run. One per cent increase in remittance and tourism income increased 0.277 and 0.518 per cent in GDP, respectively, in SAARC countries. The impact of tourism income is stronger than the impact of remittance income in promoting economic growth in SAARC countries. But in the short run, the significant impact of tourism and remittance income is not identified.

Impact of Remittance on Gross Domestic Savings in Nepal

The Nepalese economy is receiving a steady stream of remittances, but the nation has struggled to reduce poverty, unemployment, and the problem of infrastructure development. Being an underdeveloped nation with a high level of consumption and low levels of capital formation, it is a severe issue that will cause imports to rise even more. This paper examines the impact of remittance on gross domestic savings in Nepal using the Autoregressive distributed lag model. As discovered through the study, remittances are insignificant to gross domestic savings both in the long as well as short run. This contradicts the studies that show a positive and negative relationship between remittance and gross domestic savings. The study also shows that other factor such as gross domestic product affects gross domestic saving positively. It is therefore recommended that the planners and decision-makers should take the high rate of remittance income consumption in the economy seriously and must implement the consumption reduction that leads to increased savings, which contributes to the nation's overall growth and development.

Does the Income from Tourism and Remittances Really Matter for Economic Growth? Evidence from the Nepalese Economy

This study investigates the effects of tourism and remittances on Nepal's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It is based on secondary information acquired from Nepal's several economic surveys and publications from the Nepal Rastra Bank. It spans 34 fiscal years, from 1987/88 through 2020/21. The study employs descriptive and exploratory research designs.Descriptive statistics, unit root testing, Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, ARDL bound testing approach, heteroscedasticity test, serial correlation test, and CUSUM and CUSUM squares test of stability analysis are some econometrics instruments utilized.The GDP, remittances, and income from tourism are found to be correlated over the long term. In the long run, remittances and tourism revenue increase Nepal's GDP, but there is no discernible effect in the short run. The GDP increased by 0.794 and 0.157 percent for every one percent increase in tourist and remittance income. Therefore, the impact of tourism income is more significant than the impact of remittance income on GDP. Therefore, policymakers can employ tourism to promote Nepal's long-term economic growth.

Household food-security strategies and migration in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Food security has continued to be a global concern despite progress in the international agenda to reduce food insecurity over the last decades. A considerable number of populations are facing difficulties in dealing with hunger globally. Ethiopia is among the countries that face persistent challenges to achieving food security. However, the subjective dimension of food security has not received much attention in the food-security literature. This study, therefore, aims to assess food security in Ethiopia's Tigray region, using self-reported parameters to apply a household food-insecurity access scale (HFIAS) score, and also recording people's coping behaviors in the context of migration. We assessed how different livelihoods contribute to household food security where migration is assessed as adaptive livelihood and short term means of coping strategy during food insufficiency. Since food security is an outcome of livelihood, the paper further examines the need to integrate livelihood-based approaches to assessing food security. A qualitative research approach was used for the study, with Participatory Research Approach (PRA) methods and household interviews being employed to acquire the data. Data transcription, cleaning, coding, and restructuring were performed on the datasets while descriptive statistics, including frequency and cross-tabulation, were used in the analyses. HFIAS results show that the reversible coping strategies applied when food crisis persists include consumption of foods of the same variety or cheaper or less-preferred foods, remittance, reduction of food portion size, selling of assets, daily labor and borrowing money or grain. The livelihoods of the households perused mainly included agriculture, migration, and off-farm and non-farm activities. The results further revealed that all the households engaged in agriculture, with 67% of them owning an average of 0.5 ha of land. The major finding reveals that households with diversified livelihoods including remittance income were found to be more food-secure; therefore, we concluded that the overall livelihood has to be addressed to ascertain rural households’ food security.

Impact of Personal Remittance on the Gross Domestic Product of Nepal

The specific objective of this investigation was to explain the impact of personal remittance on the Gross Domestic Product of Nepal. This research used secondary data. Using data were received from different websites like websites of the World Bank, the Department of foreign employment, and so on. Collected data were analyzed and interpreted through Ms. Word, Ms. Excel, and IBM SPSS Statistics 26 version including statistical tools like descriptive and inferential. The study found that personal remittances received, and percent of female migrants had a moderate positive correlation but, a weak correlation coefficient with personal remittance received and the percentage of male migrants. Results cleared that there has no significant relationship between the no. of males and personal remittance received but there has a significant relationship between the no. of females and personal remittance received. As remittance income is increasing with the increase in the migrant population towards foreign. At the current time, Nepal is based on remittance income due to the lack of other sectors. Hence, the Nepalese government should pay attention to the proper utilization of remittance in productive sectors.