Remin Pro Research Articles

Effect of the use of remineralization agents before resin infiltration on the treatment of initial enamel lesions: an in-vitro study

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of remineralization agents before the application of resin infiltration on the treatment of initial enamel lesions.Materials and methodsEighty buccal enamel samples were prepared from human molars, and artificial initial lesions were formed after 96 h of incubation with a demineralizing solution. The samples were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 10) including a remineralizing agent (Tooth Mousse, Medical Mineral Gel, Remin Pro), resin infiltration (ICON), and a combined treatment of both. Remineralizing agents were applied in pH cycle for 7 days. Baseline, demineralization, and after-treatment fluorescence (FluoreCam and DIAGNOdent Pen), surface microhardness (HMV-2T), surface roughness (M300C), OCT (Maestro-2) and ultrasonic system (Novascope 4500) data were obtained for all groups. The sample surfaces were examined under SEM/EDX (SU3500) at x1000. Data were statistically analyzed using the Two-Way Robust ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05).ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the groups for microhardness, roughness, OCT, DIAGNOdent Pen, ultrasound, and FluoreCam size/intensity values (p = 0.582; p = 0.963; p = 0.884; p = 0.923; p = 0.051; p = 0.268; p = 0.793 respectively). The effect of the treatment procedure showed a significant difference (p < 0.001), except for the roughness values (p = 0.984). The lowest Calcium (Ca) ratio (%atomic) was observed in the RI group in the EDX analysis.ConclusionRemineralizing agents and resin infiltration methods may be used in combination or alone in the treatment of initial enamel lesions. Combining remineralizing agents with resin infiltration does not alter the efficacy of the treatment.

Effects of Two Remineralizing Agents in Combination with Er:YAG and CO2 Laser Irradiation on Microhardness of Demineralized Enamel: A Preliminary In Vitro Study.

Objectives: This study assessed the effects of two remineralizing agents namely MI Paste Plus containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACFP) and Remin Pro containing hydroxyapatite, fluoride and xylitol (HFX) with/without erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) and CO2 laser irradiation on demineralized enamel microhardness. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 70 sound human premolars were mesiodistally sectioned, demineralized at a pH of 4.6 for 8 hours, and randomly divided into 7 remineralization groups (n=10): of (I) MI Paste Plus (CPP-ACFP), (II) Remin Pro (HFX), (III) MI Paste Plus+CO2 laser (0.7 W power, 50 Hz), (IV) Remin Pro+CO2 laser, (V) MI Paste Plus+Er:YAG laser (1 W power, 10 Hz), (VI) Remin Pro+Er:YAG laser, and (VII) negative control. The Vickers hardness number of specimens was then measured. The groups were compared by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results: The mean microhardness was 319.8±49.9, 325.3±44.6, 359.4±35.7, 296.4±33.7, 319.9±58.1, 358.9±28.4, and 240.0±41.6 kg/mm2 in groups 1 to 7, respectively. The difference in microhardness was significant among the groups (P<0.0001). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in microhardness between all groups (P≤0.03) except between groups 1 and 2, 1 and 5, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6 (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both Remin Pro (containing HFX) and MI Paste Plus (containing CPP-ACFP) can cause enamel remineralization. MI Paste Plus+CO2 laser irradiation and Remin Pro+Er:YAG laser irradiation were significantly more effective than the application of each remineralizing agent alone.

A Comparative Study of the Effect of Tooth Mousse Plus Remin Pro and Fluor Protector Gel on Enamel Erosion: An In Vitro Study.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of Tooth Mousse Plus, Remin Pro, and Fluor Protector Gel on enamel erosion, measuring mean weight loss after exposure to a demineralizing agent. A total of 60 sound-extracted permanent incisors were sectioned and enamel specimens were randomly distributed to different groups. The initial weight of all specimens was registered. The samples were randomly divided into four groups (n = 30). Group I specimens were treated with tap water (control). Groups II, III, and IV were treated with Tooth Mousse, Remin Pro, and Fluor Protector Gel application. After that, specimens were placed all together in a plastic container with 6 mL of a soft drink and immersed for 8 minutes at room temperature, dried, and weighed. Specimens were weighed after each immersion period and mean weight loss was calculated. The data was analyzed for probability distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The intergroup comparison was done using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc analysis. According to pairwise comparisons in post hoc analysis, the weight of specimens at baseline was significantly greater than the weight of specimens on day 12. The difference in the mean weight of the specimen from baseline to day 12 was 2.833 mg for group I, 2.367 mg for group II, 1.467 mg for group III, and 2.133 mg for group IV. Tooth Mousse Plus, Remin Pro, and Fluor Protector Gel have no significant effect on dental erosion. Shukla K, Saxena A, Joshi J, et al. A Comparative Study of the Effect of Tooth Mousse Plus Remin Pro and Fluor Protector Gel on Enamel Erosion: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S57-S62.

An In-Vitro Comparative Study of Fluoride Varnish and Two Calcium-Containing Fluoride Products on the Remineralization of Primary Teeth Enamel.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of fluoride varnish and two calcium-based fluoride products on the remineralization of primary teeth enamel. Materials and Methods: Surface-microhardness (SMH) of 36 extracted anterior primary teeth was measured by Vickers test (50gr/5 seconds) to provide a baseline for later comparisons. All teeth were immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours to create caries-like lesions and SMH was determined for the artificially-induced caries. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups consisting of 5% fluoride varnish once daily/10 seconds, Clinpro™ 5000 toothpaste once daily/2 minutes, and Remin Pro cream once daily/3 minutes for 28 days. All specimens were kept in artificial saliva with pH cycling during the study period. After remineralization, SMH was evaluated for the last time. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Mauchly's sphericity, and RM-ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for inter-and- intra-group comparisons at the three stages of the study. Results: Neither the baseline SMH nor the SMH of the artificially created caries showed significant differences among the samples (P>0.05). The post-treatment SMH was highest in the Clinpro group (296.4±73.1kgf/mm2), followed by Remin Pro (283.8±119.3kgf/mm2), and varnish (270.9±78.3 kgf/mm2). There was no significant difference among the groups after treatment (P>0.05). We also did not observe a significant difference among the three different study stages (P>0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in-vitro study, daily application of low fluoride-calcium compound seems to be as effective as the professional use of fluoride varnish or high-content fluoride toothpaste in remineralizing initial caries of primary teeth.

The Effect of Remin Pro and MI Paste Plus on Induced Demineralized Enamel in Primary Molars

Purpose: To evaluate the remineralization potential of (Remin pro) nano hydroxy apatite (in comparison with MI paste plus, (Casein PhosphoPeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Fluoride) on demineralized enamel in human primary teeth. Materials and Methods: 44 primary extracted or exfoliated human primary molars teeth were equally divided into 2 groups (Group A, Group B). (Group A) including 22 primary teeth were treated with professional toothpaste (MI past plus). (Group B) including 22 primary teeth were treated with professional toothpaste (Remin Pro). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) readings and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were carried at premineralization. The samples were subjected to the test agents after inducing white spot lesions. The readings were repeated demineralization and postremineralization. Results: SEM evaluation showed favourable surface changes in all the two study groups after remineralization therapy. EDX readings showed no significant differences between MI Paste Plus and Remin Pro (P<0.005) in remineralization potential after 14 days. Conclusion: Use of MI Paste Plus and Remin Pro have a remineralizing effect on Induced demineralized enamel in primary molars.

Comparative evaluation of surface microhardness of bleached enamel subjected to erosion after using Remin Pro and NovaMin: An in vitro study

Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the surface microhardness of bleached enamel subjected to erosion after using Remin Pro and NovaMin. Methodology: Thirty human maxillary premolars were selected and decoronated. Enamel blocks were obtained from these teeth and subjected to three phases of treatment: bleaching phase, remineralizing phase, and erosive phase. Samples were divided into four groups with 15 samples each. Group I: subjected to erosion without application of bleaching and remineralizing agent, Group II: treatment with 35% carbamide peroxide without application of remineralizing agent, Group III: treatment with 35% carbamide peroxide, followed by application of Remin Pro, and Group IV: treatment with 35% carbamide peroxide followed by application of NovaMin. Initial and final surface microhardness was analyzed using Vickers microhardness. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups. The percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL) value was significantly higher in Group II in comparison with the other groups of treatment. However, Group IV and Group III showed the lowest %SHL compared to GI. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this present in vitro study, NovaMin has better-remineralizing potential than Remin Pro and demonstrated increased microhardness of bleached enamel.

Effect of highly concentrated bleaching gels on enamel microhardness and superficial morphology, and the recovery action of four remineralizing agents

BackgroundDental bleaching is a common clinical practice. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel on the morphology and microhardness of enamel, and to analyze the effect of four remineralizing agents.MethodsOne hundred blocks were prepared. The enamel surfaces were bleached with 35% HP in one session. The specimens were divided into four remineralization treatment groups (n = 25). G1: Tooth Mousse, G2: Remin-Pro, G3: Colgate Pro-Relif, G4: Mirafluor. The remineralizing protocol was applied 3 min per day for one week. Vickers microhardness (HV) measurements and SEM observations were performed at baseline, after bleaching, and after remineralizing treatment in all groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test and ANOVA.ResultsAfter bleaching, SEM showed an increase of irregularities on the surface of the samples. Enamel microhardness decreased a mean of 47.7 HV, equivalent to a mean decrease of 18.3% (p < 0.05). After remineralization, the HV increased in all groups between 16 and 33% (p < 0.01), recovering the initial microhardness of enamel samples. SEM images revealed a higher quantity of superficial mineral deposits in groups 1 and 2 compared to the rest of the groups.ConclusionsThe application of remineralizing products generates a significant increase in enamel microhardness. Tooth Mousse-treated samples showed a greater microhardness recovery, followed by Remin Pro. The superficial morphology of the samples reflects the results obtained in the HV tests.

Comparative Assessment of Enamel Microhardness Using Various Remineralising Agents on Artificially Demineralized Human Enamel.

Various remineralizing agents can be used to remineralize initial carious lesions. The study aims to compare and evaluate the remineralizing efficiency of Remin Pro (VOCO GmbH,Cuxhaven, Germany), tricalcium phosphate, and HealOzone (CurOzone USA Inc., Ontario, Canada) by measuring the microhardness of enamel. Forty-five mandibular premolars were collected and divided into three groups (A, B, and C). After sectioning mesiodistally, they were subdivided into the control and test groups. The test group was further subdivided into demineralized (A2a, B2a, and C2a) and remineralized (A2b, B2b, and C2b) groups. All test group samples were demineralized by immersing in demineralizing solutions for 24 hours. Afterwards, A2b, B2b, and C2b samples were remineralized by remineralizing agents (Remin Pro, tricalcium phosphate, and HealOzone) for three minutes (twice a day) for 14 days, and then Vickers microhardness testing (VHN) was performed. The microhardness values of the demineralized group were lower compared to the samples of the control groups. In the remineralized group, the mean microhardness values were maximum for HealOzone (293.22 kgmm-2), followed by Remin Pro (287.5660 kgmm-2) and then tricalcium phosphate (282.4660 kgmm-2). The application of remineralizing paste proved potent in improving the remineralization in the demineralized enamel surface.

The effect of two calcium phosphate-containing agents on the enamel resistance of permanent molars to demineralization: An experimental study.

The main purpose of this experimental study was to determine the in vitro effects of two calcium phosphate-containing agents (Remin Pro® and GC Tooth mousse™) on the enamel resistance of permanent molars to demineralization. Fifty extracted human third molars were randomly divided into four groups; that is the control group and three case groups treated with Remin Pro®, GC Tooth mousse™, and sodium fluoride gel. The three case groups were treated with 0.25 ml of the paste associated with each experimental group for 5 min, kept in fluoride-free artificial saliva, and incubated at 37°C for 28 days. After the treatment regimen, 10 samples of each case group were subjected to demineralization using an acetic acid-containing solution, and remineralization using a remineralizing solution. The morphology of enamel was observed via scanning electron microscopy and their enamel calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratios were measured before/after the demineralization cycle with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests. The enamel Ca/P ratios in the case study groups were significantly higher than that of the control group before/after the demineralization regimen (p < .0001). However, the ratios were not significantly different between the case study groups after the treatment regimen and demineralization cycle (p > .05). The outcomes of the current study indicated that all three agents seemed to increase the enamel resistance of permanent molar teeth to demineralization.

Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Remin Pro Forte vs Remin Pro on White Spot Lesions: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This study was conducted to evaluate the remineralization potential of Remin Pro Forte vs Remin Pro remineralizing agents on white spot lesions (WSLs) post-orthodontic treatment. Twenty patients with post-orthodontic WSLs were divided into the following two equal groups based on treatment (n = 10): (1) A 3-month program of hydroxyapatite, fluoride, xylitol, ginger, curcuma-containing cream (Remin Pro Forte) as intervention group; (2) A 3-month cream regimen including hydroxyapatite and fluoride, xylitol (Remin Pro) as control group. The main outcomes including caries regression (assessed by ICDAS II), mineral content (assessed by VistaCam iX camera), and color of WSLs (assessed by digital image analysis by Adobe photoshop) were measured at the time of enrollment and 1, 2, and 3 months afterward. Mann-Whitney test used to compare between tested groups. The statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Both Remin Pro Forte and Remin Pro elicited much better caries regression and significantly higher mineral content in WSLs over a 3-month period (p <0.05). However, the difference in mineral content of WSLs between groups did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.414). In both experimental groups, the appearance of WSLs improved significantly (p <0.05). Both Remin Pro Forte and Remin Pro were successful in reducing caries, increasing mineral content, and enhancing the appearance of demineralized enamel, indicating that both products could be suggested for post-orthodontic WSL management. Natural herbal products could be employed as remineralizing agents and included into tooth preventive measures. It is a less harmful alternative to traditional chemical remineralization methods.

Comparative Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Fluoride and Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Fluoride as Remineralizing Agents in Primary Teeth Using pH Cycling and Single-Sectioning Technique

Background: Hydroxyapatite and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate are known to remineralize subsurface carious lesions. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical application of hydroxyapatite fluoride (HF) and caseinphosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride paste (CPP-ACPF) in bringing about remineralization changes in artificially induced carious lesions of primary teeth using pH cycling and single-sectioning technique. Materials and Methods: Seventy extracted deciduous teeth were divided into two groups: Group A: HF (Remin Pro) n = 35 and Group B: CPP-ACPF (Tooth Mousse Plus®) n = 35. The samples were immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 h followed by pH cycling for 10 days which included cycles of demineralization and remineralization of their respective groups. Results: Intergroup comparison of the change in the mean value after demineralization and remineralization showed statistically highly significant difference as the change in Group A HF was 213.52 ± 113.17 (standard deviation [SD]) as compared to that in Group B (CPP-ACPF) 76 ± 57.22 (SD). Conclusion: HF was found to be better when compared to CPP-ACPF for tooth remineralization.

Impact of Various Desensitizing Agents on Occlusion of Dentinal Tubules: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

The aim of the present study was to compare the capacity of three dissimilar commercially accessible desensitizing products for the occlusion of dentinal tubules using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nondiseased human mandibular premolar teeth, ninety in number, were amassed for this study. The blocks subsequently made were subjected to polishing using abrasive paper to facilitate dentinal surface exposure. The samples were randomly allocated to one of the following three groups: Group I, samples to be treated with Admira Protect; Group II, samples to be treated with MI paste, Group III, samples to be treated with Remin Pro. Photomicrograph of every sample was taken to evaluate the occlusion of the dentin tubule under 2000× magnification of the SEM. MI paste exhibited the greatest dentin tubular occlusion with a value of 2.746 ± 0.530 followed by Admira Protect (3.498 ± 0.202) and Remin Pro (4.594 ± 0.364) in that order. Amid the various desensitizing materials used, statistically significant differences (p <0.001) were noted. Within the confines of the limitations of the present research, following a comparative assessment of the three desensitizing materials used, it can be concluded that all of them were efficient in sealing off the dentin tubules in spite of differing chemical constitutions and techniques of application. When compared with the agents, Admira Protect and Remin Pro, MI paste exhibited the maximum occluding capacity of the dentinal tubules. A short, sharp shooting pain characterizes the frequent problem of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Sealing off the open dentin tubules, thereby reducing dentinal permeability, is a known method in the treatment of DH. As several agents exist to reduce DH, the best commercially marketed product for decreasing this condition by occluding the tubules should be identified by the clinicians.

Evaluation of the effects of different remineralisation agents on initial enamel lesions by scanning electron microscope and energy-distributed X-ray analysis.

This study compared the ability of four remineralization agents to restore demineralised enamel lesions in permanent human incisors. In total, 40 teeth were included in the study. Two samples were obtained from each tooth. The 80 samples were divided into 10 groups (n=8 per group). The right halves of the teeth were controls solely subjected to demineralisation and stored in artificial saliva for the duration of the experiment. The left halves of the teeth were remineralised using a 5% NaF-containing fluoride varnish (GC MI varnish; GC Corp.), a toothpaste containing casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium (GC tooth mousse; GC Corp.), a water-soluble remineralisation paste containing fluoride, hydroxyapatite, xylitol (Remin Pro; Voco), and ROCS remineralising gel containing Ca, magnesium(Mg) and phosphate (P). After 21days of remineralisation, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) assessments were performed, and the results were analysed using one-way analysis of variance. EDX analysis showed that the ROCS medical remineralising gel had the lowest Ca/P ratio among the groups (P = .04). Compared with the control groups, the Remin Pro and ROCS medical remineralising gel treatments produced significantly higher Ca/P ratios (P=.014 and P=.025). These results were statistically significant, and P-value <.05 was accepted for statistical significance. The group treated with a fluoride-free, xylitol-containing ROCS medical remineralising gel had the lowest Ca/P ratio. Compared with the control groups, Remin Pro and ROCS remineralising gel appeared effective for repairing initial enamel lesions.

Effects of different remineralizing agents on color stability and surface characteristics of the teeth following vital bleaching

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of various remineralizing agents on the color stability and surface characteristics of the teeth after vital bleaching. The extracted 96 human incisors were used for the study. Initially, the samples were randomly divided into two groups and exposed to in-office and at-home bleaching agents. Then, the groups were divided into six subgroups (n = 8), including the control group did not undergo remineralization after bleaching, according to five remineralizing agents (Gelato APF Gel, Remin Pro, Tooth Mousse, MI Paste Plus, Curodont Protect). Surface roughness was assessed at baseline, after bleaching and remineralization procedures. Color measurements of the samples were obtained at baseline, after bleaching and then after immersion in the staining solution following remineralization process. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyzes were carried out in order to examine the morphological changes on the surface of the enamel. The independent t-test, paired-samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the data and post-hoc LSD test to compare the difference among the study groups (α = .05). Surface roughness increased following in-office and at-home bleaching in all groups, and reduced after application of remineralizing agents in all groups. Significant differences were found among the groups with respect to changes in surface roughness and color values following treatment with remineralizing agents (p <.05). AFM analyses revealed increased surface roughness after bleaching and a reduction of rough surfaces following treatment with remineralizing agents. Remineralizing agents can be used to reduce postbleaching increase in surface roughness and to maintain color stability after bleaching.

The effect of Remin Pro on the microhardness of initial enamel lesions in primary teeth

Remineralization is currently considered a treatment option for many clinicians. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of three remineralizing agents on microhardness of initial caries lesions in primary teeth. In this in vitro study, 96 enamel samples were prepared. Microhardness was first measured for all the samples using the Vickers microhardness test. After developing the initial caries lesions, the microhardness of all the demineralized samples was measured, and the samples were then divided into four groups (n = 24). Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate in Group 1, Remin Pro in Group 2, and acidulated phosphate fluoride gel in Group 3 were placed on the samples for 4 min. The control group received no treatments. The microhardness of the samples was measured again following a pH cycle of 5 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and the post hoc test at the significance level of P < 0.05. The mean microhardness reduced significantly in all the groups following the development of initial caries lesions and after the pH cycle of 3 days (P < 0.001). After the remineralization and pH cycle of 5 days, the mean microhardness was significantly lower in the control group compared to the other three groups (P < 0.001) and had increased in the three treated groups. The microhardness recovery rate also increased in the treated groups compared to the control group, but no significant differences were observed between the three groups themselves (P > 0.05). Remin Pro can be used as an effective substance for preventing tooth caries in children.

Enamel remineralization efficacy of three widely used remineralizing tooth pastes: An in-vitro study

Background: With introduction of newer enamel remineralization products in the market, it becomes important to evaluate and compare their remineralization efficacy. Hence the objective of the study was to assess and compare the enamel remineralizing efficacy of Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate cream, Nano-hydroxyapatite containing paste and Xylitol containing paste on artificially induced enamel carious lesions using surface micro hardness analysis.Methods: In-vitro study was conducted using 50 enamel specimens, randomly allocated to 5 groups of 10 samples each after standardization of Surface micro hardness. Except Group 1, specimens were subjected to demineralization for 4 days at 370 C following remineralization with slurry of remineralizing agents; Tooth Mousse Plus, nano-HAP and Remin Pro.Specimens were subjected to pH cycling for 28 days followed by assessment of surface micro hardness (PISMH). Student’s paired t-test, One-way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey test were used for statistical analysis.Results: The surface harness of Tooth Mousse plus (333.62±38.95VHN) and Remin Pro (342.24±27) groups were significantly higher than the sound enamel group, nanoHap group (275.97±67) and demineralized enamel group (p

Effect of Remineralizing Agents on Initial Caries Lesions - Clinical Pilot Study on School-Children

Purpose: Enamel remineralization can be improved by increasing salivary calcium and phosphate ion concentration. Dentiplus® lozenges and Remin Pro® -mousse include these components and may have a positive effect on remineralization process. The study investigated if using these additional agents for a month improves dental remineralization compared to tooth brushing using fluoride tooth paste alone. Methods: Twenty-two patients were included in the final study and all participants had initial caries lesions. They were randomly divided into two test groups (A and B) and a control group. All groups brushed their teeth twice a day with a toothpaste (1500 ppm fluoride). In addition, patients in group A used Dentiplus® -lozenges three times a day and patients in group B used Remin Pro®-mousse once a week. The patients in the control group only brushed their teeth. Lesions were diagnosed by using ICDAS classification, Nyvad’s modified criteria and DIAGNOdent-Pen® scanning. Results: One third of the lesions in incisors/canines became inactive in both intervention groups, whereas in the control group the respective figure was 15.6%. There was a decrease in LF values in the Dentiplus® group whereas in Remin Pro® group the change was controversial in other except the 1st molar teeth. Both decrease and increase of the LF values was seen in the control group. There were only minor changes as for ICDAS values in this study. Conclusion: Remineralization of initial lesions by tooth brushing alone can be improved by remineralizing agents especially lozenges rich in calcium and phosphate used regularly. Laser fluorescence is excellent in monitoring change n remineralization with short monitoring periods.

Effect of Two Methods of Remineralization and Resin Infiltration on Surface Hardness of Artificially Induced Enamel Lesions.

Statement of the Problem: The progression of incipient carious lesions may be simply prevented by non-invasive remineralization of lesions, eliminating the need for invasive and high-cost restorative procedures.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of two commonly used remineralizing agents and resin infiltration on surface micro hardness of incipient enamel lesions at different time points.Materials and Method: In this in vitro study, 45 intact human maxillary central incisors were selected. After disinfection, enamel samples measuring 5x5x2.5 mm were cut out of the labial surface of the teeth. The surface of samples was polished and they were mounted in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin. According to Amaechi’s method, samples were immersed in acidified hydroxyethylcellulose system (pH= 4.5) for 96 hours to induce white spot lesions (WSLs). The baseline value of surface micro hardness of samples was measured using a Vickers hardness tester, then the samples were randomly divided into three groups (n=15) based on different remineralization methods: MI-Paste Plus, Remin Pro and ICON-Infiltrant according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All samples were stored in anti-dry mouth treatment agent during the experiment and their surface hardness was measured at 15 days (T1) and 20 weeks (T2). Results: The hardness of samples in MI-Paste Plus and Remin Pro groups significantly increased at both T1 and T2 (p< 0.001) but this increase was not significant in ICON group (p> 0.05).Conclusion: MI-Paste Plus and Remin Pro can efficiently increase the hardness of incipient enamel lesions.

In Vitro Re-Hardening of Bleached Enamel Using Mineralizing Pastes: Toward Preventing Bacterial Colonization.

The search for materials able to remineralize human hard tissues is a modern medical challenge. In this study, the protective effect on the enamel microhardness by a paste based on hydroxyapatite and sodium fluoride (Remin Pro) was evaluated after two different enamel bleaching procedures. Forty sound human incisors were randomly assigned to different treatments: bleaching with an in-office agent (Perfect Bleach Office+); bleaching with an at-home agent (Perfect Bleach); bleaching with the in-office agent followed by the prophylaxis paste; bleaching with the at-home agent followed by the prophylaxis paste; no treatment (control). Bleaching was performed at 0, 8, 24 and 32 h, followed by a 3-min re-mineralizing treatment in the subgroups designed to receive it. Specimens underwent a micro-hardness tester and a mean Vickers Hardness number was considered for each specimen. ANOVA exhibited significant differences among groups. Post-hoc Tukey testing showed significant micro-hardness decrease after the application of both the two bleaching agents. The treatment with prophylaxis paste significantly increased the micro-hardness values of bleached enamel.

Effect of CO2 laser (10.6μm) and Remin Pro on microhardness of enamel white spot lesions.

This study investigated the combined effect of CO2 laser irradiation and Remin Pro paste on microhardness of enamel white spot lesions (WSLs). Seventy-eight intact premolars were randomly assigned into six groups and then stored in a demineralizing solution to create WSLs. Afterwards, the teeth in group 6 (negative control) remained untreated, while groups 1 and 4 were exposed to CO2 laser irradiation (20Hz, 1W, 30s) and Remin Pro paste, respectively. In groups 2 and 3, the teeth were exposed to laser either before (group 2) or after (group 3) Remin Pro application. The teeth in groups 1 to 5 were then immersed in artificial saliva for 90days while subjected to fluoride mouthwash and weekly brushing. Finally, the teeth were sectioned, and Vickers microhardness was measured at the enamel surface and at 50, 100, and 150μm from the surface. One sample of each group was also examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. The significance was set at 0.05. Laser irradiation followed by Remin Pro application (group 2) caused a significant increase in total WSLs' microhardness compared with laser alone (group 1) and control groups (P < 0.05). Microhardness at depths of 100 and 150μm was also significantly greater in group 2 compared with those of group 3 and control groups (P < 0.05). Combined application of CO2 laser with Remin Pro paste, when laser is irradiated before the paste, is suggested for re-hardening of WSLs in deep layers of enamel.