Remarkable Steps Research Articles

SWOT Analysis of ChatGPT: Implications for Educational Practice and Research

Technology plays a significant role in our lives today. OpenAI, a company at the forefront of artificial intelligence since 2015, has taken remarkable steps to make artificial intelligence more accessible and beneficial for everyone. One significant achievement in its journey is the development of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformers (ChatGPT). We used the SWOT analysis framework to outline ChatGPT’s strengths and weaknesses and to discuss its opportunities for and threats to education. The strengths include using a sophisticated natural language model to generate plausible answers, self-improving capability, and providing personalised and real-time responses. As such, ChatGPT can increase access to information, facilitate personalised and complex learning, and decrease teaching workload, thereby making key processes and tasks more efficient. The weaknesses are a lack of deep understanding, difficulty in evaluating the quality of responses, a risk of bias and discrimination, and a lack of higher-order thinking skills. Threats to education include a lack of understanding of the context, threatening academic integrity, perpetuating discrimination in education, democratising plagiarism, and declining high-order cognitive skills.

Determinants of Choice of Marketing Outlet for Edible Insects among Smallholder Farmers and Traders in Western Kenya

The edible insect sector has, in recent times, gained significant prominence and attention. Particularly, the government of Kenya has made remarkable steps to achieve a potentially large and valuable edible insect market, with a significant milestone being the passing of regulations on edible insects as a new source of proteins. However, research on the edible insect marketing environment is still indistinct. Therefore, the study sought to evaluate the determinants of the market outlets preferred or used by smallholder farmers and traders of domesticated and field-collected edible insects (including cricket, bees, winged termites, lake flies, and dung beetle) in Siaya and Vihiga counties. This cross-sectional study was done among 188 edible insects’ farmers and traders. Purposive sampling identified the study area, while snowball sampling reached the study participants. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using multinomial logit regression to assess independent-dependent variable relationships, yielding marginal effects. Study findings showed that at 95% confidence interval, the yield was significant to the three outlets used by the farmers. Gender was significant to both institution and open-air markets outlets but insignificant to selling at the farm gate. Age, education level, and experience in marketing were insignificant to all the three market outlets. Marketing training was significant to the institution and open-air markets. The study also showed that farmers and traders had limited choices to sell their edible insect produce, which was majorly affected by yield and age variables. In view of these findings, enhancing edible insect marketing and training through initiatives that would increase production among farmers and breaking the attitudes toward open-air marketing among male farmers is pivotal to the thriving of the novel food enterprise towards achieving food security in the region.

Sustainable colonization of Mars using shape optimized structures and in situ concrete

The major obstacle to Martian colonization is the mission cost which requires significant reduction. From the structural engineering point of view, importing materials and structural elements from Earth or massive excavations on the surface of Mars require an enormous amount of energy; thus, inflatable and under-surface structures as the main options for Martian colonization seem unrealistically expensive. Construction of affordable buildings onsite using only in situ sources may represent an ideal solution for Martian colonization. On the other hand, solar energy, at the early stage of colonization, would be the only available, practical, and low-cost energy source on Mars. Though, for sustainable and broad colonization, the energy required for construction and the construction cost should be minimized. Here, we propose three types of simple (relatively optimized), perforated, and algorithmic shape-optimized Martian structures to minimize the material and energy required for construction as well as the construction cost using only in situ resources. These structural forms can be considered remarkable steps towards sustainable structural construction and colonization on Mars. Also, these innovative structures were designed to minimize the tensile stress (maximize the compressive stress) and enable the use of in situ concrete. Our data indicate that compared to our previous study, the material and energy required for construction as well as the construction cost can be reduced by more than 50%. Acceptance criteria and limitations appropriate to the Martian environment, and desirable structural and material behaviors were defined to evaluate whether or not the behavior of a structure under the applied loads and conditions will be acceptable. To detect potential issues for onsite construction and evaluate the geometry of the models, a 1:200 3D model of the best structural form was printed.

ACTIVITY OF EGGSHELL DERIVED CAO NANOPARTICLES AGAINST PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM HUMAN WOUNDS

Microbes show extreme resistance opposed to multiple drugs which makes the researchers to introduce alternative techniques which enhance healing of infections. The contemporary and revolutionary systems are required to develop modern way of treatment to tackle multidrug resistant properties of bacteria. Nanotechnology is a swift and easy approach to synthesize metallic nanoparticles from various sources. In current research, 50 samples were collected from human wounds without discrimination of age, gender and site of wound injury. The main objectives of the research were to isolate, characterize and identify pathogens from human wounds. These wound pathogens were treated with calcium oxide nanoparticles synthesized from waste hen eggshells. Total 35 samples showed growth on Blood and MacConkey agar with different morphologies. Among 35 positive growth, there were 41 different colonies belonged to 6 common genera named as Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus. These bacterial isolates were distinguished by morphological and biochemical identification. Calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO) were synthesized from waste eggshells while their antimicrobial property was checked by well diffusion and disc diffusion method. These nanoparticles were further characterized by FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared) technique. CaO nanoparticles showed effective results against Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, E.coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Proteus in decreasing order making remarkable steps in the field of research. This research demonstrates that CaO nanoparticles are effective against different bacteria and can be used to treat wound infections.

Recent Advances in the Systemic Treatment of Localized Gastroesophageal Cancer.

The overall survival expectancy of localized gastroesophageal cancer patients still remains under 5 years despite advances in neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment strategies in recent years. For almost a decade, immunotherapy has been successfully implemented as a first-line treatment for various oncological diseases in advanced stages. In the case of advanced gastroesophageal cancer, 2021 witnessed several approvals of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies by different authorities. Although it is still a debate whether this treatment should be restricted to a certain subgroup of patients based on biomarker selection, immunotherapy agents are making remarkable steps in resectable settings as well. The Checkmate-577 study demonstrated significant benefits of nivolumab as an adjuvant treatment for resectable esophageal and gastroesophageal junction tumors and thereby obtained approvals both from U.S. American and European authorities. First results of further potential practice-changing clinical trials are expected in 2023, which might change the treatment armamentarium for resectable gastroesophageal cancers significantly. This review aims to demonstrate the advances of immunotherapy and targeted therapies in treatment of localized gastric, gastroesophageal junction and esophageal tumors and gives a short summary on promising ongoing clinical trials.

The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Updates and Possible Therapeutic Approaches.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common retinal disease characterized by complex pathogenesis and extremely heterogeneous characteristics. Both in "dry" and "wet" AMD forms, the inflammation has a central role to promote the degenerative process and to stimulate the onset of complications. AMD is characterized by several proinflammatory stimuli, cells and mediators involved, and metabolic pathways. Nowadays, inflammatory biomarkers may be unveiled and analyzed by means of several techniques, including laboratory approaches, histology, immunohistochemistry, and noninvasive multimodal retinal imaging. These methodologies allowed to perform remarkable steps forward for understanding the role of inflammation in AMD pathogenesis, also offering new opportunities to optimize the diagnostic workup of the patients and to develop new treatments. The main goal of the present paper is to provide an updated scenario of the current knowledge regarding the role of inflammation in "dry" and "wet" AMD and to discuss new possible therapeutic strategies.

A universal microkinetic-machine learning bimetallic catalyst screening method for steam methane reforming

With the development of first-principles computing and artificial intelligence, catalyst screening have taken remarkable steps toward machine learning (ML). However, it is difficult to explore universal features and descriptors for catalyst screening due to the high spatial freedom of catalytic materials and the lacking kinetic insights of catalytic activity metrics. In this paper, a universal microkinetic-machine learning method (Mkml) is proposed to screen bimetallic catalysts. First, microkinetic models are built based on reaction information to search for descriptors and activity ranges. Then, datasets consisting of elemental properties and adsorption site encoding are evaluated by ML to predict the reference formation energy of the descriptors to optimize the microkinetic model. Finally, activity, stability and price factors are considered to screen competitive catalysts. Mkml was applied to steam methane reforming (SMR) to prove its high accuracy and low cost. The perform best ML is XGBoost with a 0.973 R2 score, and the feature importance also provides a valuable reference for catalyst design. 48 promising candidates are selected by Mkml from the 5000 + catalytic database, which not only accelerates experimenters' discovery of efficient and cheap SMR catalysts, but also guides the search way in a larger materials space.

Introduction to Rusho’s Transform Lakshmann and Smith Model: A Machine Learning Approach to Earthquake Detection

Machine learning now become one of the demandable field in engineering and life sciences , IT is now the cutting edge of technological development , The threat of climate change makes it crucial to improve our understanding of the climate system . This paper has been inspired by the book : Machine Learning and Data Mining Approaches to climate science . From this book I am inspired to find a new branch of machine learning for the earthquake detection and intro climate +physics or Climato -physics Modelling . Using Artificial intelligence is one of the remarkable steps to find the optimal solution of Earthquake detection . Approximately 20,000 people are killed every year by earthquakes. There are over 500 active faults in California and most of its residents live within 30 miles of an active fault. So if we can predict the earth-quake before it occurred , we can make active step and save millions of life . It is similar to weather detection and thunderstorms detection , same algorithm will be implemented in thunderstorm and weather detection , but we will use both as well as machine learning model and artificial intelligence model ,Rats, weasels, snakes, and centipedes reportedly left their homes and headed for safety several days before a destructive earthquake. Anecdotal evidence abounds of animals, fish, birds, reptiles, and insects exhibiting strange behavior anywhere from weeks to seconds before an earthquake. So we will first understand why and how earthquake happen and biological mechanism of understanding fish , birds , reptiles and insects hearing . Then we will use the datasets of global earthquake pattern . And finally we will put all in one and relate the algorithm with storm-detection.

Turkish education policies and practices: inclusive or exclusionary?

ABSTRACT This research aims to determine the opinions of teachers and educational administrators about how inclusive the Turkish education system is and attempts to provide a profound picture of inclusive education policies and practices in Turkey. In this qualitative-phenomenological study, sampling technique was used. Thirteen general education teachers and seven administrators, who participated in inclusive education in-service teacher training activities, constituted the working group of the study. The data were collected with a semi-structured interview form. The obtained data were analysed through the content analysis method. The findings revealed that inclusive education is still considered in terms of increasing the rates of schooling, and the policies and practices regarding it have not gone beyond mere integration. Although there have been remarkable steps regarding the inclusion of students, who are disadvantaged in terms of their disability, ethnicity and refugee, the Turkish education system is still far from being inclusive and fair. Hence, it was suggested that discussions on inclusion in the education system should go beyond the quantifiable indicators and be organized to include all disadvantageous groups of students, not just the visible ones.

Strengths in Vietnam's economic growth

Economic growth is an important indicator of the quality of the economy. A common measure is the increase in gross domestic product (GDP) in a year or the increase in GDP per capita in a year. Over the past time, Vietnam's economy has made remarkable growth steps and achieved many great achievements. The constantly improving position of Vietnam in the international arena; the good control of the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in the country; the quality of human resources have been gradually improved; The state’s constant encouragement and stimulation to develop the economy; The integration and opening of the economy are the strengths of economic growth that the article mentions. In the future, although the situation of Covid-19 is still complicated with new strains that are difficult to predict, Vietnam's economy can still achieve positive growth. The reason is that Vietnam's current policies are geared towards disease prevention combined with economic development. In this article, the author uses the method of analyzing secondary data from many reputable and reliable sources such as: ADB, UOB, General Statistics Office of Vietnam, ... to provide readers with more information, new materials, and a more thorough view on the overview picture of current status of Vietnam's economic growth in the period from 2016 to present.

Towards the Implementation of Monetary Management in Islamic Economic System Based on Recent Developments

Monetary management is an essential part of the objectives of Shari’ah under the umbrella of the preservation of wealth (Ma’al). Our primary sources: Qur’an and Sunn’ah, provide divine legislation on the prohibition of Riba to manage bases of monetary transaction. Further, the juristic tools facilitate scholars to propose solutions to meet the emerging issues on diversified aspects of society. Muslim scholars have always adapted and contributed to the Islamic finance system and regulation, theoretically and practically. In recent decades, Islamic banking and finance has seen strong momentum with double digit growth, fulfilling the monetary requirement of depositors on the liability side along with industry on the asset side. We seek to review the theoretical and empirical literature on Islamic monetary mangement. Monetary management in the Islamic economic context is still an area that needs more research. This paper examines how literature has been developed over time up until modern Islamic economic and banking practices. The findings suggest that Islamic monetary management has been gradually developed in recent years and such development is remarkable steps forward in pursuing Islamic monetary policy independently. In addition, Islamic monetary policy is proved to be relatively more effective compared to interest based conventional monetary policy. The implications of such findings have established new milestones for the central banks of all the countries, including the muslim majority countries for pursuing interest free Islamic monetary policy with full confidence. Furthermore, there are four major views on Islamic monetary policy and the central banks of the world should choose one of the best methods and views for the greater effectiveness of monetary policy because conventional monetary policy has been less effective in bringing full employment and price stability in recent years and financial crisis has crippled the interest based conventional economic systems quite badly.

Antibody Therapies for Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Large B-cell lymphomas (LBCLs) constitute a subgroup of aggressive but highly curable lymphoproliferative diseases. Treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) patients still represents an unmet clinical need, and novel drugs and combinations are in continuous development. The pan–B cell panel of surface antigens that characterizes LBCL leads to a large umbrella of druggable targets. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) express their activity against lymphoma by targeting multiple tumor-specific antigens. This category consists of a number of molecules with different mechanisms of action, including naked mAbs, radioimmunoconjugates, antibody-drug conjugates, checkpoint inhibitors, and bispecific antibodies. In the last decade, apart from the well-known role of the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab, novel mAbs have led to remarkable steps forward in the treatment of R/R LBCL in monotherapy and combined with chemotherapy. Multiple studies are in development trying to bring these novel compounds into the frontline setting to empower the RCHOP effect or as alternative chemotherapy-free options for elderly/unfit patients. This review provides insight into antilymphoma mAbs, focused on the efficacy and safety of the main molecules approved or in development for LBCL andperspectives on the treatment of this disease.

Design of an electrochemically gated organic semiconductor for pH sensing

Since the development of potentiometric ion-selective electrodes, remarkable steps have been taken towards progressive simplification and improved robustness of pH sensing probes. In particular, the design of compact sensing architectures using solid-state components holds great potential for portable and wearable applications. Here we report the development of an electrochemically gated device for pH detection, combining the robustness of potentiometric-like transduction with an extremely simple and integrated geometry requiring no reference. The sensor is a two-point probe device comprising two thin polymeric films, i.e. a charge transport layer and a pH-sensitive layer, and exhibits a sensitivity of (8.3 ± 0.2) × 10−3 pH unit−1 in the pH range from 2 to 7. Thanks to the versatility and robustness of the optimised design, a textile pH sensor was fabricated whose performance is comparable with that of glass sensors.

Logistics Hubs in Oman and Political Uncertainty in the Gulf

Oman is taking remarkable steps to develop its logistics sector to be one of the main pillars of the nation’s non-oil-based economy in the future. The current fluctuation in oil prices has pressured the country to boost non-oil exports and re-exports to eventually replace oil export in the future as the main income. The aim of this research is to utilize an augmented form of gravity model to investigate the effect of GDP, population growth, distance, free trade agreements (FTAs), political relations, and cultural similarity on the value of non-oil exports and re-exports with the top 35 trading partners. This work sets the foundation for researchers to better understand the spatial placement of logistics hubs in Oman and the political influence on the national economy. Similarly, this analysis could be used by port operators and local authorities as a way to re-evaluate expansion plans of ports and investments in the logistics sector justified by realistic forecasted demands and scenarios. Undoubtedly, the study reaffirms the importance of scenario planning and forecasting to provide decision-makers with better look into the future to make more informed decisions.

Sverre Fehn y la arquitectura primitiva de Marruecos

<p>Norwegian architect Sverre Fehn took a trip to Morocco in 1951 which is one of the most remarkable steps of his beginnings as an architect, but also one of the most unknown. Until now, nearing the tenth anniversary of his death in February 2009, research on the Nordic author has ignored the need to study the journey in depth. This has been treated on many occasions just as a confessed starting point in his career. This paper rebuilds, organizes and analyses the trip using the original notebooks that Sverre Fehn brought with him on his return, three and not one, as has always been claimed, which were left to the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design in Norway. The researcher explores the traveller’s thoughts through the places and constructions encoded in his drawings. Following Jorn Utzon’s advice, Fehn recognized the inspiring dimension that primitive architecture had for the masters of the Modern Movement and, therefore, for their own modern cultural heritage.</p>

Cap-Independent mRNA Translation in Germ Cells

Cellular mRNAs in plants and animals have a 5′-cap structure that is accepted as the recognition point to initiate translation by ribosomes. Consequently, it was long assumed that the translation initiation apparatus was built solely for a cap-dependent (CD) mechanism. Exceptions that emerged invoke structural damage (proteolytic cleavage) to eukaryotic initiation factor 4 (eIF4) factors that disable cap recognition. The residual eIF4 complex is thought to be crippled, but capable of cap-independent (CI) translation to recruit viral or death-associated mRNAs begrudgingly when cells are in great distress. However, situations where CI translation coexists with CD translation are now known. In such cases, CI translation is still a minor mechanism in the major background of CD synthesis. In this review, I propose that germ cells do not fit this mold. Using observations from various animal models of oogenesis and spermatogenesis, I suggest that CI translation is a robust partner to CD translation to carry out the translational control that is so prevalent in germ cell development. Evidence suggests that CI translation provides surveillance of germ cell homeostasis, while CD translation governs the regulated protein synthesis that ushers these meiotic cells through the remarkable steps in sperm/oocyte differentiation.

Sustainable Health Care Management in the Greek Health Care Sector

The international health care system, as well as the Greek health care system under the current climate change problems and the sustainable development goals solutions just begin to understand the impact that environmental and social issues will have on health care services. Greek hospitals and the Greek health care system have the potential not only to adapt to climate change, but also in the process to promote social value, greater social equity and environmental health through sustainable development goals. At the same time, based on a different perspective, social responsibility, environmental management and governance are at the forefront of attention, not only as the most up-to-date characteristics of a hospital strategy, but also in relation to national and international economic policies aiming for better economic results for local communities and stakeholders. In other words, environmental, social and governance issues are today incorporated to sustainable hospital management and have already become part of the Greek Sustainable Health Care System. In this paper the literature review suggests that sustainable health care could be a driver of sustainability in the health care system and specifically in the Greek Hospitals. The empirical research analysis in the Greek hospitals recognized that in the recent years remarkable steps for environmental and social issues have been made. However, according to sustainable management theory, as this is referred in the paper, in order to achieve sustainability in the Greek health care system through sustainable health care management, is necessary to promote, rebuild and adapt the health care system to a concrete holistic sustainable health care management, which is supported and evaluated by the Greek Ministry of Health and the Greek health care market.

An Application-Directed, Versatile DNA FISH Platform for Research and Diagnostics.

DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (DNA FISH) has emerged as a powerful microscopy technique that allows a unique view into the composition and arrangement of the genetic material in its natural context-be it the cell nucleus in interphase, or chromosomes in metaphase spreads. The core principle of DNA FISH is the ability of fluorescently labeled DNA probes (either double- or single-stranded DNA fragments) to bind to their complementary sequences in situ in cells or tissues, revealing the location of their target as fluorescence signals detectable with a fluorescence microscope. Numerous variants and improvements of the original DNA FISH method as well as a vast repertoire of applications have been described since its inception more than 4 decades ago. In recent years, the development of many new fluorescent dyes together with drastic advancements in methods for probe generation (Boyle et al., Chromosome Res 19:901-909, 2011; Beliveau et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:21301-21306, 2012; Bienko et al., Nat Methods 10:122-124, 2012), as well as improvements in the resolution of microscopy technologies, have boosted the number of DNA FISH applications, particularly in the field of genome architecture (Markaki et al., Bioessays 34:412-426, 2012; Beliveau et al., Nat Commun 6:7147, 2015). However, despite these remarkable steps forward, choosing which type of DNA FISH sample preparation protocol, probe design, hybridization procedure, and detection method is best suited for a given application remains still challenging for many research labs, preventing a more widespread use of this powerful technology. Here, we present a comprehensive platform to help researchers choose which DNA FISH protocol is most suitable for their particular application. In addition, we describe computational pipelines that can be implemented for efficient DNA FISH probe design and for signal quantification. Our goal is to make DNA FISH a versatile and streamlined technique that can be easily implemented by both research and diagnostic labs.

European Security Policy at the End of the Post‐Cold War Era

From today's viewpoint, 2016 may well represent the end of the post‐Cold War era and the general assumptions that are associated with it. These include the beliefs that the United States remains a European power, guaranteeing the territorial integrity of its European NATO allies, that liberal democracy represents the political system widely seen as the only legitimate normative reference point, and that the future of the European Union will be defined by continued integration into an ‘ever closer Union’. These assumptions have been shaken to the core.

Magnetic coupling dependence on MgO interlayer thickness of FePt multilayered dots

L10-ordered FePt (001) circular dot arrays with the FePt/MgO/FePt multilayered structure have been prepared and the relationship between the magnetic properties and the size of the dots or the MgO intermediate layer thickness has also been investigated. The dots were microfabricated from continuous films by electron beam lithography and Ar ion milling. The remarkable steps in the hysteresis loops for multilayer films with tMgO = 3, 5, 8, and 10 nm indicated individual magnetization reversal of the top and bottom FePt layers. In the dots with tMgO = 3–8 nm, the step in the definition curves was not observed for D = 0.3 µmφ. When tMgO = 10 nm, remarkable step were observed not only for D = 0.5–3 µmφ but also for D = 0.5 µmφ.