Remanent Squareness Research Articles

Effect of an aluminum layer deposited with magnetron sputtering on magnetic and remanence properties of Sr-hexaferrite

This work deals with the effect that aluminum deposited on the strontium hexaferrite has on the magnetic and remanence properties. The aluminum was deposited using magnetron sputtering and the deposit thickness was varied through two deposition times. The presence of the aluminum was corroborated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The magnetic characterization showed an increment in remanence squareness (Mr/Ms), while the maximum energy product (BHmax) exhibited a large increment regarding the hexaferrite without aluminum. Isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) and direct current demagnetization (DCD) curves were measured for two samples with different amounts of deposited aluminum and for the strontium hexaferrite without aluminum. The Henkel plots and δM curves were discussed in the Stoner-Wohlfarth framework. Results show a diminishing of demagnetizing-like interactions as the deposited aluminum increases on the hexaferrite surface. This behavior suggests that aluminum promotes the emergence of a type of exchange interaction with a magnetizing effect.

Core-Shell GaAs-Fe Nanowire Arrays: Fabrication Using Electrochemical Etching and Deposition and Study of Their Magnetic Properties.

The preparation of GaAs nanowire templates with the cost-effective electrochemical etching of (001) and (111)B GaAs substrates in a 1 M HNO3 electrolyte is reported. The electrochemical etching resulted in the obtaining of GaAs nanowires with both perpendicular and parallel orientations with respect to the wafer surface. Core–shell GaAs-Fe nanowire arrays have been prepared by galvanostatic Fe deposition into these templates. The fabricated arrays have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The magnetic properties of the polycrystalline Fe nanotubes constituting the shells of the cylindrical structures, such as the saturation and remanence moment, squareness ratio, and coercivity, were analyzed in relation to previously reported data on ferromagnetic nanowires and nanotubes.

Enhanced dielectric stability and coercivity of band gap tuned Ba–Al Co-doped bismuth ferrite: An experimental and DFT+U investigation

Employing a modified sol-gel combustion technique, BiFeO3 and Bi0.85Ba0.15Fe1-xAlxO3 (x = 0, 0.025 and 0.050) nanoparticles were synthesized, and the effects of these dopants were investigated analyzing the experimental findings and adopting the DFT + U approach. Rietveld analysis of XRD revealed a deformed perovskite rhombohedral structure for all the Ba–Al co-doped nanoparticles, which was also validated by theoretical study. Suppression of the low-frequency dispersion promoting outstanding dielectric stability was observed due to Al3+ doping, and the least dielectric constant along with the highest resistivity was reported for BBFAO-2.5. The band gap of co-doped nanoparticles (x = 2.5 & 5) decreased to 1.95 eV and 1.98 eV, respectively, compared to 2.06 eV, and 2.09 eV for BBFAO-0 and pure BFO. The average particle size of all the co-doped nanoparticles was below the repeat length of the cycloid structure, which is favorable for improved magnetic properties. Remanent magnetization, coercivity, and squareness increased as the motion of domain walls is inhibited by the smaller-sized nanoparticles. DFT + U study further endorses the findings of the experimental study. Analysis of DOS revealed the emergence of shallow impurity states around VBM due to doping, which can operate as active trap centers and impede carrier recombination. Thus, it can be inferred that, Ba–Al co-doped nanoceramics with intriguing dielectric, optical, and magnetic properties are a promising candidate for high-frequency microwave devices, magnetic memory and storage devices, near UV-detector, and solar photocatalysis applications.

Structural and magnetic properties of hard-soft BaFe12O19/(Zn0.5Co0.5)Fe2O4 ferrites

Hard-soft nanocomposites of (1 − x) BaFe12O19/x(Zn0.5Co0.5)Fe2O4, for x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00, were prepared via co-precipitation and high-speed ball milling techniques, respectively. The synthesized samples were characterized via x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer. XRD revealed the formation of hard-soft nanocomposites. TEM indicated that the two phases are well distributed and the particle size distribution is narrower for low content of soft phase, leading to better exchange coupling between the grains. Magnetic measurements were performed at 300 K and 77 K. The results showed a good single-phase magnetic behavior, verifying the good exchange coupling between hard and soft phases. For low (Zn0.5Co0.5)Fe2O4 content, the dipolar interactions were dominated by the exchange-coupling interactions. Additionally, the optimum values of saturation and remanent magnetizations, coercivity, and squareness ratio were obtained for x = 0.5. This was attributed to the dominance of exchange-coupling interaction. The enhancement of magnetic properties and energy product (BH)max for nanocomposites at low temperature is skilled in the reduction of the thermal fluxes of magnetic moments at the surface. The maximum energy product (BH)max was observed in C2 at both temperatures with a smaller value than that of pure BaFe12O19.

Microstructure and phase dependence of magnetic properties of CoFeB nanowires

Arrays of amorphous CoFeB nanowires with the diameter of 250 nm and length of 20 μm were fabricated by electrodepositing in pores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The corresponding changes of coercivity (Hc), remanence squareness (Mr/Ms), and the shape of hysteresis loops of NWs before and after annealing with the microstructure evolution have been investigated. The XRD and TEM results showed the precipitation of partial Co nanocrystallites and complete crystallization for the annealing treatment at 573 K and 773 K, respectively. The VSM results indicated a strong magnetic anisotropy in the amorphous nanowires and the easy magnetization axis was in perpendicular to the long wire axis. Both Hc and Mr/Ms increased with increasing annealing temperature. The magnetization reversal process occurred by the curling model for the amorphous nanowires and exhibited a transition for magnetization reversal after thermal annealing. In all, the magnetic properties of CoFeB nanowires can be controlled by tuning their microstructure with thermal annealing.

Effect of calcination temperature and cobalt addition on structural, optical and magnetic properties of barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19 nanoparticles

(xCo)-BaFe12O19 nanoparticles, with 0 $$\le x \le$$ 0.1 wt%, have been prepared using a chemical co-precipitation method and different calcination temperatures (850 °C, 900 °C and 950 °C). The samples were subjected to structural, optical and magnetic studies. X-ray powder diffraction showed the hexagonal crystal structure of (xCo)-BaFe12O19, and the more convenient temperature for the formation of this phase was 950 °C. Transmission electron microscope was used for investigating the morphology as well as the average particle size of the samples. It was found that the average size of all samples ranges between 65 and 90 nm. The energy band gap Eg was determined using UV–Vis spectroscopy. It was noticed that the values of Eg decreased with the addition of cobalt and the increase in the calcination temperature. The M–H curve obtained from vibrating sample magnetometer has been used to study the magnetic behavior. The anisotropy field (Ha), the saturation magnetization (σs), the effective crystalline anisotropy constant (Keff), the remanent magnetization (σr) and squareness ratio (S) for each sample were calculated. The maximum value of coercivity (5087Oe) was found for x = 0 wt% at T = 950 °C which is suitable for magnetic applications, such as the recording equipment and permanent magnets.

Co-based full heusler alloy nanowires: Modulation of static and dynamic properties through deposition parameters

In this work, a successful fabrication of Co2MnAl heusler alloy nanowires in anodic alumina templates has been demonstrated using simple and low-cost electro-deposition technique at room temperature. The role of deposition parameters, such as pH of the electrolyte solution were investigated on the structural and magnetic properties of Co2MnAl nanowires. It is observed that the crystallinity improves with the increase of pH of the solution till around pH=3.0 where the best crystallinity is achieved. The X-Ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of B2 crystal type in the Co2MnAl heusler alloys which is further verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscope images. The static magnetic properties were explored by the VSM analysis which revealed that the saturation magnetization, squareness, coercivity and uniaxial anisotropy of the nanowires increase with the increase in pH value. The highest remanent squareness of 76% is observed for pH=2.9. The dynamic measurements of heusler alloy nanowires have been studied by ferromagnetic resonance technique using the flip-chip method in the field-sweep mode at different applied frequencies ranging from 20-40 GHz. It is observed that the resonance field increases linearly with the increase in frequency for all samples. Further, the resonance field decreases up to 35% with the increase of pH value of electrolyte, resulting in an increase in the effective field.

Refining single-crystalline epsilon iron oxide nanorods via low-temperature aging

Refinement of ε-Fe2O3 phase in ε-Fe2O3/SiO2 composite powder is an urgent need in terms of its practical applications in high-density magnetic storage media. In this work, two types of refinement routes were employed for this purpose. It was found that short-time tempering treatment was not an ideal route for the refinement, because ε-Fe2O3 nanorods were ruptured to nanoparticles with an extremely wide size distribution, and their low coercivity of merely 1.0 kOe was not desirable for expected applications. By contrast, low-temperature aging route facilitated the formation of uniform ε-Fe2O3 nanorods with a length of about 200 nm and a width of about 40 nm. Because of their narrow size distribution and high crystallinity, these nanorods possessed large coercivity around 19 kOe, pronounced remanent squareness and prominent thermomagnetic behaviors, making them fairly desirable for further applications in magnetically-relevant field.

Magnetic properties of SrFe12O19 covered with copper by electrodeposition and sputtering

This work reports the micromagnetic properties of the strontium hexaferrite (SrM) when its surface is covered with a copper layer. The copper was deposited on the hexaferrite using two different methods, one based on the electrochemical deposition and the other one, using the magnetron sputtering technique. For each fabrication method, two different deposition times were selected to vary the copper quantity over the hexaferrite surface. The structural and morphological properties were analyzed from the X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron micrographs, while the magnetic behavior was investigated using alternating gradient magnetometry measurements. The samples obtained from chemical electrodeposition exhibited inhomogeneous copper deposits, while the ones obtained from sputtering presented homogeneous and well-distributed copper deposits. The results showed marked differences in the magnetic properties of the hexaferrite with deposited copper regarding the SrM without copper. Also, an improvement in the magnetic properties was observed when a homogeneous copper layer was deposited using sputtering than when electrodeposition was used. When copper was homogeneously deposited, the coercivity (Hc) exhibited an improvement from 2.5 kOe to 3.56 kOe, whereas the remanence squareness (Mr/Ms) increased from 0.5 to 0.7, which is equivalent to 40% increment as a consequence of the copper presence. The changes observed in the hysteresis loops and the dM/dH, H curves indicate that copper exerts a strong interaction on the magnetic moments of hexaferrite. This interaction couples the copper atoms with the interstitial cations of the hexaferrite structure. This copper-iron interaction would occur through a Cu–O–Fe superexchange mechanism, varying the intrinsic properties of the hexaferrite and modifying its micromagnetic behavior.

Hexagonal barium ferrite films on a Pt(1 1 1)/Si(0 0 1) substrate and their local magnetic properties

Abstract Hexagonal barium ferrite films were deposited on Pt(1 1 1)/Si(0 0 1) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. This paper presents an investigation of the crystal structure, morphology and local magnetic properties of the deposited films. The characterization results demonstrated orientation and morphological dependences on the Pt thickness and annealing temperature. A film prepared with a 200-nm-thick Pt buffer layer and an annealing temperature of 900 °C exhibited oriented platelet grains with a mean diameter of ∼400 nm and excellent magnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of ∼311 emu/cm3, a uniaxial anisotropy field of ∼15.5 kOe and a remanent squareness in the out-of-plane direction of ∼68.6%. Furthermore, a first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagram showed that the film had a positive mean interaction field (Hu) between particles and broad distributions of coercivity (Hc) centred at Hu = 600 Oe and Hc = 2500 Oe.

Al doped spinel and garnet nanostructured ferrites for microwave frequency C and X- band applications

Spinel and garnet nanostructured ferrites have been used for various potential applications. Single phase spinel and garnet nanoferrites have been used for different applications in many fields. Ni-Zn (Ni0.5Zn0.3Al0.2Fe2O4) ferrite with spinel structure and YAIG (Y2.8Al0.2Fe5O12) ferrite with garnet structure were synthesized using sol-gel technique. The structural, morphological and magnetic studies were done for spinel and garnet nanoferrites. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to investigate the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of the spinel and garnet nanoferrites respectively. Single phase spinel and garnet nanocrystalline ferrites were confirmed from XRD analysis. Circular and cubic shape morphology was observed for spinel and garnet nanoferrites respectively. Static magnetic characteristics of the Al doped spinel and garnet nanoferrites (saturation, remanence, coercivity and magnetic squareness) were measured from the hysteresis loops. Dynamic magnetic properties such as initial permeability, Q factor and magnetic losses of the Al doped spinel and garnet nanoferrites were also evaluated from magnetic measurements. Spinel and garnet nanoferrites prepared at low temperature may have potential in industrial and technological applications e.g. transformers, switching, cores, filters, sea bed logging, MLCI's, microwave absorption bio medical applications and microwave frequency (C and X) band applications.

Exchange spring magnetic behavior of Sr0.3Ba0.4Pb0.3Fe12O19/(CuFe2O4)x nanocomposites fabricated by a one-pot citrate sol-gel combustion method

In this study, hard/soft Sr0.3Ba0.4Pb0.3Fe12O19/(CuFe2O4)x nanocomposites with various contents of the soft phase (x = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) have been synthesized via a one-pot citrate sol-gel route. The structure and magnetic properties of the prepared specimens were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) techniques as well as a vibrating sample magnetometer. The obtained XRD patterns revealed the formation of hard/soft ferrite nano-composites without secondary phases. The magnetic results showed that all the prepared nanocomposite magnets exhibit a good single-phase magnetic behavior, proving that the magnetic hard and soft phases are well exchange coupled. The dipolar interactions in the produced magnets were dominated by the exchange-coupling interactions at lower contents of the soft phase. Furthermore, the optimal values of saturation and remanent magnetizations, coercivity, and squareness ratio were obtained for the Sr0.3Ba0.4Pb0.3Fe12O19/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite magnet due to the dominance of exchange-coupling interaction. The greatest value of the maximum energy product, which represented the ultimate figure-of-merit for permanent magnets, was observed for the Sr0.3Ba0.4Pb0.3Fe12O19/CuFe2O4 composite, suggesting its potential applications in magnet fabrication and highly sensitive magnetic recording media.

Magnetic properties of chromium-doped Ni80Fe20 thin films

This paper investigates the properties of thin films of chromium-doped Ni80Fe20 (Permalloy) that could potentially be useful in future low-power magnetic memory technologies. The addition of chromium reduces the saturation magnetization, Ms, which is useful for low-energy switching, but does not significantly degrade the excellent switching properties of the host material even down to 10 K, the lowest temperature measured, in films as thin as 2.5 nm. As an example, an alloy film composed of 15% chromium and 85% Ni80Fe20 has an Ms just over half that of pure Ni80Fe20, with a coercivity Hc less than 4 Oe, an anisotropy field Hk less than 1 Oe, and an easy-axis remanent squareness Mr/Ms of 0.9 (where Mr is the remanent magnetization). Magnetodynamical measurements using a pulsed inductive microwave magnetometer showed that the average Landau Lifshitz damping λ was relatively constant with changing Cr content, but increased significantly for thinner films (λ ≈150 MHz for 11 nm, λ ≈250 MHz for 2.5 nm), and at low bias fields likely due to increased magnetic dispersion. Density functional theory calculations show that chromium reduces Ms by entering the lattice antiferromagnetically; it also increases scattering in the majority spin channel, while adding almost insignificant scattering to the minority channel.

Improvement in the Magnetic Properties of Ni–Fe Thin Films on Thick Nb Electrodes Using Oxidation and Low-Energy Ar Ion Milling

We developed a method to engineer the surface topography of Nb underlayers using surface oxidation followed by low-energy Ar ion milling to improve the properties of subsequently deposited magnetic Ni80Fe 20 (Permalloy) thin films. They had reduced coercivity $H_{c}$ , increased remanent squareness, and improved magnetic anisotropy due to the reduced roughness of the Nb underlayer, especially at high spatial frequency ( $> 25\,\mu {\text{m}}^{- 1}$ ). Typical results for 2.4 nm thick Ni80Fe20 films deposited on 100 nm thick Nb were an easy-axis coercivity $H_{{\rm{ce}}}= 3.7$ Oe (compared to 6 Oe without underlayer smoothing), a hard-axis $H_{{\rm{ch}}}= 1.5$ Oe (5.5 Oe without smoothing), an easy-axis remanent squareness (ratio of remanent and saturation magnetizations) $Sq_{e}= 0.92$ , a hard-axis remanent squareness $Sq_{h}= 0.25$ , and a uniaxial anisotropy $H_{k}= 6.0$ Oe, all measured at a temperature of 10 K. This ion-smoothing technique could potentially be used to improve the properties of magnetic layers in superconducting memory and other magnetoelectronic devices that utilize a thick underlayer that serves as an electrical contact.

Role of twin and anti-phase defects in MnAl permanent magnets

We quantify and explain the effects of both anti-phase boundaries and twin defects in as-transformed τ-MnAl by carrying out micromagnetic simulations based closely on the results of microstructural characterization. We demonstrate that magnetic domain walls nucleate readily at anti-phase boundaries and are strongly pinned by them, due to anti-ferromagnetic coupling. Likewise, twin boundaries reduce the external field required to nucleate domain walls and provide strong pinning potentials, with the pinning strength dependent on the twinning angle. The relative strengths of the known twin defect types are quantified based on the anisotropy angles across their boundaries. Samples that have undergone heat treatment are imaged using electron back-scatter diffraction. The precise crystallographic orientation is mapped spatially and converted into a number of realistic finite element models, which are used to compute the effects of large concentrations of twin domains in a realistic morphology. This is shown to have a negative effect on the remanence coercivity and squareness. The maximum energy product (BH)max is therefore significantly lower than the theoretical limit of the material and much lower than MnAl permanent magnets that have been further processed to remove twin defects. The knowledge gained in this study will allow the optimization of processing routes in order to develop permanent magnets with enhanced magnetic properties.

Effect of heat treatment on interface driven magnetic properties of CoFe films

We report systematic studies on non-magnetic Ta underlayer and cap layer driven microstructural and magnetic properties at a wide temperature range for CoFe films. All the films were grown at room temperature and post annealed at different annealing temperatures (TA=200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C and 450°C). The in-plane magnetic hysteresis (M–H) loops of 10nm thick CoFe single layer films, grown directly on thermally oxidized Si substrate, exhibit anisotropic nature for TA above 250°C. However, the CoFe (10nm) films grown on the 5nm thick Ta underlayer show reduced anisotropy. Moreover, with underlayer and cap layers (2nm) the anisotropy is disappeared. The in-plane coercivity (HC) shows a strong variation with TA, underlayer and cap layers. HC increases significantly with Ta underlayer and cap layers. The out of plane M–H loops exhibit increase in the remanence magnetization and squareness with both Ta underlayer and cap layers due to transition of in-plane magnetization component to the out of plane direction. The atomic force microscopic observations revealed that grain/particle size and shape depend strongly on TA and Ta layers. Moreover, a large reduction in the surface roughness is observed with the Ta cap layer. The magnetic domain patterns depend on the TA, and Ta layers. However, for Ta/CoFe/Ta films no clear domains were observed for all the TA. Hence, the Ta cap layers not only protect the CoFe magnetic layer against the heat treatment, but also show a smooth surface at a wide temperature range. These results could be discussed on the basis of random anisotropy model, TA, underlayer and cap layers driven microstructure and magnetization orientation of the CoFe films.

Influence of Composition, pH, Annealing Temperature, Wave Form, and Frequency on Structure and Magnetic Properties of Binary Co1−x Al x and Ternary (Co0.97Al0.03)1−x Fe x Nanowire Alloys

Co1−x Al x and (Co0.97Al0.03)1−x Fe x nanowire alloys and elemental Co nanowire were prepared in anodic aluminum oxide templates by the electrochemical deposition method. The influence of composition, pH, annealing temperature, wave form, and frequency on structure and magnetic properties of Co/Al/Fe nanowires was studied. The changes in the saturation magnetization, coercivity, remanent squareness, and crystal structure of nanowires with changing of the above parameters were also investigated. The roomtemperature magnetic hysteresis loops show that the coercivity and squareness of the nanowire arrays in parallel to the wire axis change with the changing of the abovementioned parameters, which can be mainly attributed to the strengthening of anisotropy. X-ray diffraction observations demonstrated that the isolated nanowires have a crystalline structure and that their phases change with the annealing temperature. Magnetic measurements, on the other hand, showed that the coercivity reached a maximum value at x = 0.03 in the Co1−x Al x nanowires. Also, the coercivity of the Co1−x Al x nanowires was increased with increasing annealing temperature for all the compositions.

Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of MnGa Films

MnGa films are the promising magnetic recording materials and spintronic materials owing to their intrinsic properties, such as large magnetic anisotropy, high coercivity, moderate magnetization, and high spin polarization. In this paper, MnGa films with high coercivity and low surface roughness have been successfully fabricated onto MgO substrates by magnetron sputtering and post-annealing. Moreover, the effects of post-annealing temperature (T a) on crystalline structure, surface morphology, and magnetic performances of MnGa films have also been investigated. It is found that the crystallization temperature for MnGa films is 400 ∘C. With increasing T a, the crystallization degree enhances and an in-plane texture is formed. The grain size and surface roughness of MnGa films increase slowly when T a is below 500 ∘C, but they exhibit a rapid rise when T a is above 500 ∘C. As T a increases, the coercivity (H c) and remanence squareness ratio (S) for MnGa films improve monotonically, whereas saturation magnetization (M s) increases firstly and then drops. The increases in H c, S, and M s with T a are attributed to the grains’ growth and the improvement of crystallinity, and the decrease of M s at higher T a possibly is due to the partial oxidation of Mn.

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy study of CoFeB/Ni multilayers by anomalous Hall effect

The CoFeB/Ni multilayers with Pt underlayer are prepared by magnetron sputtering technique and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of each of the samples is studied by anomalous Hall effect (AHE) method. The PMA of CoFeB/Ni multilayer is dependent on the thickness of Pt, Co, CoFeB and the number of CoFeB/Ni bilayers strongly. It is found that the sample structured as Pt(4)/[CoFeB(tCoFeB)/Ni(0.3)]2/Pt(1.0) has a good PMA when the CoFeB thickness is 0.4 nm for the interface anisotropy dominated in the multilayer. So the CoFeB thickness is fixed at 0.4 nm. The effect of Ni thickness on multilayer PMA is also studied. The PMA of the sample is kept relatively well and the Hall resistance (RHall) decreases as the Ni thickness increases. Meanwhile the coercivity (HC) fluctuates in a small range. When the Ni thickness is 0.3 nm, the remanence squareness of the sample is very good and the Hall effect is strongest. The influence of period number n on the sample PMA is significant for it changes the interface of the sample. When n is 3, the sample has a very good remanence squareness, for the interface effect is obvious and the magnetization reversal process is consistent. The Pt underlayer shows a great effect on the PMA performance of the sample, for it can change the (111) texture of the multilayer. The results show that when the Pt thickness is 4 nm, the remanence squareness is good and the sample has a suitable HC. So the optimum CoFeB/Ni multilayer with an excellent performance of PMA is structured as Pt(4)/[CoFeB(0.4)/Ni(0.3)]3/Pt(1.0). Its anisotropy constant Keff is 2.2106 erg/cm3 (1 erg/cm3=10-1 J/m3) which indicates that the sample has an excellent PMA and its interface anisotropy is the main reason for making the Keff have a larger value. The magnetic layer thickness of the optimum sample is 2.1 nm and the total thickness of it is less than 8 nm. The integration with device can be studied further. Furthermore, HC of the CoFeB/Ni multilayer is relatively small and can be increased by inserting the oxidation layer or other ways.

Investigation of structural, thermal and magnetic properties of cadmium substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles

Cd substituted Cobalt ferrite nano particles are synthesis using co-precipitation method. The as prepared samples are calcinated at 300 and 600°C respectively. The existence of single phase spinal cubic structure of the prepared ferrite material is confirmed by the powder XRD measurement. The surface morphology images, compositional features are studied by SEM with EDX, and TEM. From the FT-IR spectra the absorption bands observed at 595 and 402cm−1 are attributed to vibrations of tetrahedral and octahedral complexes respectively. From the VSM data, parameters like magnetization, coercivity, remanent magnetization and remanent squareness are measured. The saturation magnetization value is increases with increasing calcination temperature. The DSC and TG–DTA curves reveal that the thermal stability of the prepared ferrite nanoparticles. The calcination temperature affects the crystallite size, morphology and magnetic properties of the samples.