Resettlement Policy Research Articles

The Time Politics of Refugee Resettlement and Higher Education in the United States

This paper sheds light on experiences within systems of US resettlement and its structures of (un)welcome. There is considerable evidence that the policy framework of these systems complicates the possibilities of higher education for refugees. Drawing on interviews with residents with a refugee background and resettlement service providers, we explore how US refugee resettlement policy creates obstacles for refugees in pursuing higher education and professional work by imposing a particular regimentation of time on refugees’ lives that impels them to rapidly integrate into low-income employment markets. We argue that such a time politics of speed hastens the resettlement process to advance the goal that residents with refugee background obtain rapid economic self-sufficiency and discuss the policy implications.

Sharia Economics on the Market Relocation Policy of Street Vendors in Purbalingga Food Center: Socio-Economic Conditions as the Consideration

This research investigates the impact of market relocation on the socio-economic conditions of street vendors at the Purbalingga Food Center (PFC). The relocation policy aimed to discipline street vendors, create a more representative culinary area, and address urban issues by establishing a new crowd center in the Purbalingga district. The study employs descriptive qualitative research methods, incorporating interviews, observation, and documentation for data collection. The findings reveal several outcomes: sustained positive interaction among traders, increased comfort due to improved facilities, enhanced security, decreased income for street vendors resulting from a lack of buyers, and the emergence of new business opportunities such as parking attendants and cleaning staff. Despite the income decline, the relocation brought overall benefits, aligning with Sharia economic principles. The study concludes that the government's relocation policy, while introducing challenges, ultimately generated advantages for both traders and policymakers. The results highlight the multifaceted impact of such policies, emphasizing the need for careful consideration and alignment with existing issues to maximize benefits for all stakeholders.

Kebijakan Relokasi Pasar dan Dampaknya terhadap Pendapatan Pedagang (Studi Pada: Pasar Bauntung Baru Banjarbaru)

This study aims to determine the process of planning the relocation policy of Bauntung Market to Bauntung Baru Market and to determine the impact on the income of traders after being relocated. This research was conducted in Banjarbaru City, precisely in Bauntung Baru Market, using primary data from questionnaires that the respondents had filled out. Respondents are Bauntung Baru Market Traders. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that the new Bauntung market relocation policy was carried out because the old Bauntung market was not adequate regarding traders and land area. The impact of this relocation policy for traders is that most of their income has decreased from before the relocation.

Repercussions of the resettlement policy of the tsarist government in the Turkestan area (XIX-XX centuries)

Repercussions of the resettlement policy of the tsarist government in the Turkestan area (XIX-XX centuries)

The Perceived Challenges of Resettlement among Syrian Refugees in the United States

This qualitative case study examines the resettlement experiences of Syrian refugees through semi-structured interviews with eighteen Syrian refugees living in Cincinnati, OH, USA. Resettlement experiences reveal challenges to refugees’ long-term integration, address the limitation in state policy practices, and provide insight to meet refugees’ needs. Findings indicate that Syrian refugees’ resettlement generates serious obstacles to their integration, including uninhabitable homes, unsafe neighborhoods, job insecurity and economic instability, lack of language proficiency, and social isolation. The findings also show that the resettlement policies and programs aimed to promote refugees’ self-sufficiency are not compatible with their self- identified needs of Syrian refugees. However, state and local resettlement agencies collaboration with refugees may ease refugees’ transition. Future research may explore the experiences of Syrian refugees who settle in other regions of United States to determine if their experiences differ based on location. Identifying the impact of contextual factors on the resettlement experiences of refugees can help us develop programs and policies that address the subjective needs of both Syrian and other refugee populations.

Модернизация железнодорожного транспорта Южного Урала в конце XIX – начале XX вв.

The article reveals the problem of formation of the railway system of the Southern Urals in connection with its intensive industrial development in the late XIX – early XX centuries. New railway lines connected Ural metal-lurgical plants with coal and iron ore deposits, opening new exits from the Urals to Siberia, the Volga region and the western provinces of Russia. The author has revealed four main stages of development of the railway system of the Southern Urals: at the first stage lines were built to serve Zlatoust artillery factories, at the second stage the construction of approaches to the Siberian railroad through the Southern Urals was carried out, at the third stage the construction was connected with the resettlement policy of P.A. Stolypin, at the fourth stage long lines were built in a short period of time, connected with the strengthening of delivery of raw materials to de-fense factories in the conditions of the First World War. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that in the South Urals the struggle of two concepts of transport development of the region was most sharply manifested – the Urals as a transit corridor between European and eastern regions of the country and the Urals as a self-sufficient transport system, satisfying, first of all, the demands of the local economy and population.

Narrative Policy Analysis: What is Behind The Movement of Capital City of Indonesia

The relocation of the Indonesian Capital from Jakarta to Nusantara in North Penajam Paser has generated both support and opposition. The urgency of the idea has been criticized as not taking into account the current conditions, which is still recovering from the pandemic and facing uncertainties in the global economic situation. To understand this situation, this study used narrative policy framework method to analyze the government's narrative in implementing capital relocation policy, as compared to the counter-narrative conveyed by the community. The government believes that relocation is the best solution to resolving the pressing issues of economic disparity and environmental changes on Java Island. They also claim that the new capital would be a showcase of Indonesia's diversity to the world. On the other hand, the community views policy as being unfavorable to their interests, more business-oriented, and politically driven. The government is seen as unresponsive to the community's needs. The results showed that there was a gap between narrative of capital relocation policy conveyed by the government and the community who opposed this policy. In addition, the government's failure to involve the community in the formulation of policy has resulted in conflicting interests and different perspectives during the implementation stage.

Demographic Processes in Turkestan Region at the End of the XIX - Beginning of the XX Centuries

This article highlights and analyzes the issues of the policy of colonization and resettlement of the Russian Empire and its impact on the demographic processes of the population in the southern oases of the Bukhara Emirate and draws appropriate conclusions.

Resettlement Policy of the Soviet Government in the UkrSSR in the 1920s

The purpose of the article is to give an objective assessment of both the resettlement policy of the Soviet state and the practice of its implementation in Ukraine, to establish the stages of this policy, the causes of resettlement, their scale, the state and peculiarities of the organisation of resettlement affairs in the 1920s, and to show it as a period and a prerequisite for forced mass resettlement in the following years.
 The scientific novelty of the research results lies in a new assessment of the resettlement policy of the Soviet authorities in the 1920s, the determination of the stages and principles of resettlement, the clarification of the factors that prompted the Ukrainian peasantry to change their place of residence, and the proof of the inability of the state authorities to establish an appropriate social – economic policy and solving the issue of agrarian overpopulation. The article shows the use of the resettlement organised by the Soviet authorities to clear the border strip of “socially dangerous” elements. It is proved that the general line of the resettlement policy of the Soviet authorities in the 1920s was to replace spontaneous migrations with purposeful, planned and regulated measures, with a gradual transition to mass deportations.
 Conclusions. The article is devoted to one of the important socio-economic problems of the history of the Soviet period – the resettlement policy of the Bolshevik government in the 1920s, which has not lost its relevance even today. Various aspects of resettlement from Ukraine in the 1920s remain understudied to this day. In this article, the problems of the resettlement of peasants in the period of the 1920s from the largest agrarian region of the USSR – Ukraine, are investigated on the basis of specific historical material, using the achievements of historiography and documents of the central archival institutions of the higher authorities and administration of Ukraine and the Russian Federation. Features of state policy, material and organisational capabilities of the resettlement case, causes, scales and difficulties of resettlement are shown.

Contribution of perceptions to the acceptability of adaptation tools to sea level rise

ABSTRACT Using a perception survey of 782 residents of 227 French coastal communities, this study examines the underlying motives for the acceptability of property relocation policies in response to sea level rise. These policies are concerned with new land-use management methods that aim to reduce coastal vulnerability and are recommended for adaptation to climate change. The originality of the approach is to simultaneously analyze both the perception and acceptability of relocation policies and, through econometric models, compare the factors that facilitate or hinder their implementation. A wide variety of variables were tested to demonstrate the complexity of social and psychological determinants. The data show 52% of the sample have a negative perception of relocation. The results highlight social norms and perceived sense of control as the variables that could help increase acceptability of relocation. Therefore, efficiency and trust in the implementing institutions are important to increase acceptability of public policies.

Informality as an approach to claiming the right to resettlement and achieving inclusive rural-to-urban resettlement for landless villagers: The case of Hangzhou, China

ABSTRACT This article discusses how to achieve inclusive resettlement for landless villagers amid China’s promotion of urbanization through resettlement. This research conceptualizes the right to resettlement in China by synthesizing the literature on resettlement, the right to the city, and informality. This research captures four subsets of rights to resettlement based on a review of existing resettlement literature, including rights to economic enhancement, spatial adaptation, social stability, and political inclusiveness. While state-led resettlement policies should have prioritized inclusive resettlement, our case study reveals the significant role played by villagers’ bottom-up approaches, utilizing informality and collective strategies, in enhancing inclusiveness. The research adopts an explanatory-sequential approach that uses principal component analysis, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaire surveys to investigate post-resettlement adaptation in 12 resettlement communities in Hangzhou, China. The empirical evidence suggests informal economic activities, spontaneous spatial transformation, hybrid governance structures, and non-institutionalized participation have contributed significantly to villagers claiming their right to resettlement. We conclude with recommendations for achieving inclusive resettlement.

REJECTION OF THE POLICY FOR THE RELOCATION OF STREET VENDORS (PKL) IN PADANG PANJANG CITY CENTER MARKET

This study aims to determine the factors causing the rejection and the form of rejection of the street vendor relocation policy at the Padang Panjang City Central Market. The method used to obtain research results is a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques in this study used in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants in this study amounted to 9 people with 1 key informant Head of Market Management and 8 street vendors in Pasar Baru Ring Road selected using a purposive sampling technique. The theory used in this study is Ralf Dahrendorf's conflict theory which suggests that there are two groups of interests in conflict, including groups that have authority and groups that must submit to authority. The results of this study indicate that there are two factors causing the refusal of the relocation policy, internal factors and external factors. The internal factors causing the rejection of the relocation policy, are the location of the business that has been occupied for a long time, higher income levels, and lower rents. External factors causing the rejection of the relocation policy, namely the arrangement of trading places that have not been well organized, and inconsistent law enforcement officials in relocating street vendors. The form of rejection of the street vendor relocation policy is in the form of continuing to sell in places that have been banned and protesting.

Locals’ support for integration policies and asylum seekers’ rights: Exploring a normative model of support for Syrians in Turkey

AbstractSyrian asylum seekers in Turkey have been trying to adapt to their new life circumstances despite unclear integration and resettlement policies and high levels of discrimination and exclusion. We argue that fostering integration and asylum seekers’ rights requires a bottom‐up normative approach that considers members of the receiving society as active agents of these processes. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the role of normative social context as well as sociopsychological antecedents among citizens of Turkey in facilitating their support for governmental integration policies and Syrian asylum seekers’ rights. A survey study was conducted with 202 residents in three cities, namely Bursa, Mardin, and Hatay, representing different geographical, ethnic, and cultural components in Turkey (i.e., Turkish, Kurdish, Arab, and Kurdish‐Arab). We specifically examined whether the normative context as perceived by residents' pro‐diversity norms in their city and generalized attitudes toward minorities predict their expectations of governmental integration policy for Syrians and support for their rights. Furthermore, we tested the mediating roles of valuing contact with Syrians and acceptance of their presence and stay in these relations. Parallel mediation analyses indicated that residents' perceived pro‐diversity norms in the city predict lower expectations from the government regarding Syrian asylum seekers' integration and lower support for Syrians' rights through lower acceptance of Syrians' stay. Furthermore, positive feelings toward other minority groups predicted higher expectations for governmental policies regarding Syrian asylum seekers' accommodation through both higher importance attributed to contact with Syrians, and higher acceptance of Syrians' stay in Turkey. These findings suggest that considering the attitudes toward existing minority groups among the members of the receiving society can be crucial in designing psychosocial interventions aimed at fostering a supportive environment for the newcomers. However, they also indicate caution regarding the taken‐for‐granted role of pro‐diversity beliefs among the residents, especially in societies with complex intergroup relations.

Exploring factors that influence vaccination uptake for children with refugee backgrounds: An interpretive description study of primary healthcare providers’ perspectives

BackgroundChildren with refugee backgrounds are at high risk of acquiring vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) due to a complex set of factors, one being under-immunisation. In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), reported age-appropriate vaccination rates are suboptimal among children with refugee backgrounds. MethodsA qualitative interpretive description study was undertaken to explore factors associated with access and uptake of immunisations and develop strategies to improve age-appropriate vaccinations among refugee children post-resettlement in NZ. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare providers (nurses and doctors) (N = 14) across seven resettlement locations in NZ. Collected data was transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. ResultsFive themes were derived from the data that demonstrate the interrelated factors that influence vaccination uptake across the refugee caregiver, health provider and system levels. Providers discussed how caregivers’ competing resettlement priorities and challenges early in the resettlement phase influenced their knowledge and access of vaccines and health services in NZ. Providers’ knowledge of refugee caregivers’ concerns was seen as a driver for positive change in forming therapeutic relationships with, and delivering health services to, former refugees. They discussed system level factors that influence access to and provision of immunisation services, such as resourcing, resettlement policies, system inefficiencies and missed opportunities. Emphasis was placed on communication between patients and providers to facilitate positive immunisation experiences. Overwhelming, providers displayed high motivation to improve immunisation services. Strategies were suggested to overcome identified barriers and included the provision of culturally and linguistically appropriate resources, education campaigns, reducing access barriers (e.g., after-hours clinics), and improving system efficiencies. ConclusionsThese findings highlight root factors that impact immunisation uptake and experiences among children with refugee backgrounds. To reduce the burden of VPDs, broad system level changes are required to address the barriers to vaccine uptake faced by both families of refugee backgrounds and health providers.

Regional land resettlement organization: causes of creation and main consequences of its activity (1908–1918 years)

The article is devoted to the agrarian migrations of Ukrainians, caused by the agrarian crisis at the end of the 19th century, the agrarian policy, which since April 1906 in the Russian Empire was entrusted to the new Prime Minister P. Stolypin. In order to prevent social conflicts, the local administration and self-governing bodies of the Ukrainian provinces of the Dnipro region offered his government their help in organizing mass migrations from the European part of the empire to the territory of the eastern outskirts of the empire, in particular to Siberia, the Far East and the steppes of Central Asia.It reviews the activities of the Regional Zemstvo resettlement organization in the field of peasant resettlement from Poltava and other provinces of the Dnipro region. Attention is drawn to the fact that, in addition to the regional resettlement organization created in June 1908, in fact, there are several other independent bodies dealing with resettlement issues, such as: peasant institutions represented by land chiefs; land management commissions; Zemstvo. Regional Zemstvo resettlement organization in 1911 p. was renamed the South Russian Regional Zemstvo Resettlement Organization. The resettlement policy of the Zemstvos is assessed as disappointing, if only because they had no administrative power, acting, as a rule, in the role of beggars. In the case of the Zemstvo participating in the organization of mass resettlement of Ukrainians, the situation in this area would be even worse, which gives grounds for a positive assessment of the desire of the Zemstvos, which were part of the Regional Zemstvo Resettlement Organization, to provide assistance, both on the road and, especially, in colonization areas.Emphasis is placed on the excessively high price that Ukrainians paid for the development of new lands at the beginning of the 20th century, because it turned out to be similar to the price of the industrialization of the USSR in the 30s of the 20th century, which was accompanied by millions of victims.

Practice examples: Youth offending teams put effective resettlement policies into action

Practice examples: Youth offending teams put effective resettlement policies into action

Clustering Nigeria’s IDP Camps for Effective Budgeting and Re-Settlement Policies Using an Optimized K-Means Approach

ABSTRACT: The increasing number of IDP camps in Nigeria due to insurgency and displacement has continued to pose serious policy as well as budget issues. The challenges and needs of these camps differ and require proper identification and isolation so as to direct limited resources effectively. Using the demographic data published by Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) on the IDP camps for 2021, an intelligent and optimized K-means cluster analysis was employed to classify the camps and identify their unique features for the purpose of guiding government policies and budget aimed at improving the standard of living in the camps. In four clusters, the model successfully classified 164 of the camps as having major poverty and health issues, 114 as having overcrowding and health issues, eleven as having overcrowding issues, and thirteen as living a normal life. The results provide a suggestive guide for imminent aid .

Subjective Well-Being and Influencing Factors of Ex Situ Poverty Alleviation Migrants: The Case of Guizhou, China

With the large-scale implementation of China’s ex situ poverty alleviation relocation (ESPAR) policy, China’s poverty-alleviation migrants (PAMs) have increased significantly in a short period of time. The majority of the literature has indicated that the changes associated with resettlement in, for example, livelihood, living environment, and living standards have improved the lives of the PAMs. However, a few researchers have studied PAMs’ subjective well-being (SWB) after relocation. Taking the PAMs in Anshun City, Guizhou Province of China as an example, this work used interviews and questionnaire surveys to investigate the well-being of PAMs under three resettlement models––resettlement in nearby villages and townships, resettlement in county seats, and resettlement in cities. Through a multiple linear regression model, we analyzed the SWB level and influencing factors of PAMs, and the differences in SWB under different resettlement models. The results show that: (1) the overall SWB level of PAMs is relatively high; (2) living conditions and public services, livelihoods and housing, lifestyle, and social networks all have significant impacts on the SWB of PAMs; and (3) the SWB levels of the migrants resettled in county seats is the highest, followed by resettlement in cities, and resettlement in nearby villages and townships. We also put forward relevant guiding suggestions, hoping to provide references for the sustainable development of future ESPAR projects. Moreover, we hope that this work has guiding significance for improving the mental health of PAMs and constructing healthy living cities for PAMs.

Challenges and Opportunities Resulting from Mau Forest Evictions of Ogiek Community, Kenya

This paper presents the results and discussions of the objective of the study, which assessed the challenges and opportunities resulting from the evictions of the Ogiek people from the Mau Forest Complex. The study looked at the challenges faced by the Ogiek and the government following the evictions. Secondly, it examined the opportunities that the Ogiek community and the government experienced after the evictions. Public interest and human needs theories underpinned the study. The study used a descriptive research design. The study sampled 465 respondents, who included 384 household heads, 1 county commissioner, 2 deputy county commissioners, 7 chiefs, 14 village elders, 1 county police commander, 2 sub-county police commanders, 5 conservationist organizations, 5 environmentalist groups, 1 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) officer, 1 UN Habitat officer, 1 officer from the ministry of environment, 10 officers from Kenya Forest Service (KFS), 10 officers from Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), 5 officers from NGOs, 1 officer from the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), and 15 heads of NGOs and CBOs. The study applied simple random, purposive, and census sampling techniques. Interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGD), and observation made up the data collection instruments. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze quantitative data and was presented in tables, graphs, and charts. The study examined the challenges and opportunities of Mau forest evictions, where poaching, animal attacks, hunger, malnutrition, mental illnesses, and poor health plagued the Ogiek community. The study recommends clear and transparent guidelines regarding the eviction process and any form of compensation set and discussed with the affected households so as to avoid unnecessary impoverishment and protect livelihoods. This information is useful as it will better inform forest managers, policymakers, and other actors in their efforts to fairly and responsibly manage and balance ecological and social development. The study suggests that the government of Kenya adopts a more humane and sustainable relocation policy and involves the Ogiek community in decision-making and investment in alternative livelihoods.

Effects of Mau Forest Evictions on Human Security of the Ogiek Community, Kenya

Forest communities have had to globally endure evictions, sometimes forceful, due to the need for governments to conserve the environment by protecting forests from negative human actions. The Ogiek are hunters and gatherers and rely mainly on wild fruits, beekeeping, and game hunting as a source of livelihood. Animals, e.g., hyrax, were hunted. The Ogiek's lives and sources of livelihood are highly dependent on the forest. The Ogiek community of Mau Forest, Kenya, is a forest community that has faced a similar fate since the colonial period. This study sought to establish the effects of Mau Forest evictions on the human security of the Ogiek community in Kenya. The study used a descriptive research design. The study sampled 465 respondents, who included 384 household heads, 1 county commissioner, 2 deputy county commissioners, 7 chiefs, 14 village elders, 1 county police commander, 2 sub-county police commanders, 5 conservationist organisations, 5 environmentalist groups, 1 UNEP officer, 1 UN Habitat officer, 1 officer from the ministry of environment, 10 officers from Kenya Forest Service (KFS), 10 officers from Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), 5 officers from NGOs, 1 officer from the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), and 15 heads of NGOs and CBOs. The study applied simple random, purposive, and census sampling techniques. Interviews, questionnaires, FGDs, and observation made up the data collection instruments. SPSS version 26 was used to analyse quantitative data. The data revealed that the Mau forest evictions had negative effects on Ogiek human security, including deaths (86%), injuries (97%), destruction of homes (98%), farms (80%), livestock (52%), illness (95%), lack of sanitation (92%), gender-based violence (69%), disruption of schooling (100%), loss of culture (94%), separation from family (88%), loss of livelihoods (98%), and increased human-wildlife conflicts (78%). 100% of respondents feared for their safety. The study revealed that the evictions had negative effects on the Ogiek community on virtually all seven elements of human security, namely economic security, food security, health security, environmental security, personal security, community security, and political security. The study contributes to the literature on indigenous land rights and human security, informs policymakers, and assists policy implementers in carrying out government directives without violating people's rights. It is also essential for civil society leaders. The study recommends that clear and transparent guidelines regarding the eviction process and any form of compensation be set and discussed with the affected households so as to avoid unnecessary impoverishment and protect livelihoods. The study further reckons that the government should adopt a more humane and sustainable relocation policy and provide alternative ways of livelihood to the victims.