Religious Poetry Research Articles

THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC POSITION OF PALEMBANG RELIGIOUS POETRY

This article examines the sociolinguistic position of Palembang religious poetry in the Palembang speech community in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The Palembang language is unique in that it is used as a language of wider communication and listed as level 3 on EGIDS, yet it does not have an official writing system. Until this study, no academic research on Palembang religious poetry had ever been conducted. This research examines the use of Palembang religious poetry by Palembang people. Ethnographic research methods were employed, and poets and poetry users from various backgrounds and ages were interviewed. Palembang traditional poetry called pantun is also discussed. Findings reveal the origins and the types of religious poetry. Research highlights five poems: three autogenic poems and two translated poems. Three poems are considered spoken poetry and two poems are sung. Poets and poetry users of Palembang religious poetry in this research consist of four men and three women ranging from 25-65 years of age. There are examples of Palembang religious poetry undergoing language shift but it is clear that poetry has strong connections to ethnic identity and language pride.

Linden Bicket, Emma Dymock and Alison Jack (eds), Scottish Religious Poetry: From the Sixth Century to the Present

Linden Bicket, Emma Dymock and Alison Jack (eds), <i>Scottish Religious Poetry: From the Sixth Century to the Present</i>

Unlocking meaning: Truth-conditional semantic and syntactic analysis in the Bible

This research focused on complex conditional sentences in the Christian bible, employing truth-conditional semantics and syntactic analysis to uncover their theological messages. A qualitative study analyzed 20 verses, categorized into four types of conditional sentences according to Ferdinand de Saussure's syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. It involved word analysis, structural classification, context correlation, synonymous exploration, and historical and theological consideration. The findings revealed several key insights. First, conditional sentences in the Christian bible predominantly featured compound-complex structures with an active voice, highlighting subjects and actions in religious verses. Second, they adhered to declarative formats, aligning with truth-telling principles in religious contexts. Third, complex structures and subordinate clauses conveyed conditional details, reasons, and situations, elaborating on the interplay between syntax and semantics. This research enriched our understanding of the relationship among verb forms, modal verbs, and diverse meanings within English conditional sentence types in the Christian bible. Fourth, this research had a significant social impact on human development from a theological perspective by enhancing spiritual growth, critical thinking, and ethical understanding. It promoted personal transformation and reflective faith, providing religious leaders with tools to interpret scripture more accurately. Additionally, the research clarified how biblical language communicated moral imperatives, supported ethical frameworks, and facilitated interfaith dialogue. Preserving theological heritage contributed to the holistic development of individuals and communities. Ultimately, this study aimed to ensure the Bible's relevance in shaping social behavior aligned with Christian teachings.

Smart (Studies) Now

Abstract: "Smart (Studies) Now" rethinks the significance of Christopher Smart for authors, critics, and students. While writers from Frances Burney to Allen Ginsberg have rated this elusive author highly, critical appreciation has lagged, often focusing on his madness, or treating him as a hack who got lucky once. This essay extends attention from the linguistic and formal power of Smart's religious verse to highlight his generic range and cross-corpus coherence. Three imperatives to advance Smart studies are formulated: clarity about Smart's influence on authors across various periods, attention to the value and relevance of his complete corpus, and availability of a robust sample of his poetry and prose for classroom use.

جلوه‌های اجتماعی محبت در قرآن و سنت

A person who has a healthy nature is not devoid of love, friendship and beauty, but the important thing is not the love of a person, but the important thing is who is this love towards? And why is it? Because the nature of love and the beloved person in the religious field plays a very important role in the value or worthlessness of this matter. What is given a lot of attention and importance in religious texts is, first of all, love and affection towards God, the Prophet and the religion of God, and friendship and love towards other human beings and divine creatures is rooted in this matter. Therefore, the purpose of love and friendship is that its element is divine and it is aimed at creating affection and affection between humans and is free from sin and sin. This is where friendship finds a human meaning and evokes the concept of beauty for mankind. All religious verses and traditions not only praise such friendship, but also call humanity towards it in the form of commanding orders, towards the love of God, towards the love of the Prophet and his religion, and ultimately towards love and friendship towards all created beings. This type of love and friendship is a major part of the belief of a believer.

A Classification Essay on Islamic Poetry in New Turkish Literature

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to define Islamic poetry, explore its analytical methodology, and provide examples that illustrate its thematic concepts within modern Turkish poetry. Methods: To achieve these objectives, the study employs the document analysis method, which is a qualitative research approach. The analysis focuses on modern Turkish poetry, examining examples across eight distinct categories of Islamic poetry. Results: The analysis of Islamic poetry within modern Turkish literature reveals its diverse manifestations across various thematic categories. These include Islamist Poetry, Turkish-Islamic Poetry, Sufi Poetry, Islamic Mystical Poetry, Islamic Metaphysical Poetry, Islamic Cultural Poetry, Religious Poetry, and Islamic Romantic Love Poetry. Each category is exemplified with a poem, showcasing the rich tapestry of Islamic sensibility, motivation, and thematic concepts present in modern Turkish poetry. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study highlights the enduring influence of Islam on Turkish poetry, both historically and in contemporary times. Through the exploration of Islamic poetry across different thematic categories, the study illustrates the depth and breadth of Islamic sensibility within modern Turkish literature. The researchers' conclusions drawn from the analysis further contribute to our understanding of the role of Islamic poetry in shaping cultural and literary discourse in Turkey.

Kissing Matter: John Lydgate’s Lyric On Kissing at Verbum caro factum est and the Democratization of Contemplation

This article examines the use of contemplation in the religious poetry of John Lydgate, a fifteenth-century Benedictine monk and poet from England. While our understanding of Lydgate as a Benedictine poet has gained scholarly momentum, his paraliturgical writings have received less sustained attention. In this article, I argue that Lydgate democratizes the millennium-old monastic practice of lectio and meditatio by introducing a new contemplative mode for lay- and non-Latinate people in the vernacular, which I refer to as a performative lectio domini. This lectio is on an image instead of scripture and takes place within the context of the liturgy. Lydgate offers directions for participation in a liturgical ritual, enabling his readers to fully inhabit the surplus of materiality, somatic movements, and figurative language emanating from the liturgy in order for them to abandon themselves to contemplation in the crux of the rite. By looking at the poem On Kissing at Verbum caro factum est as a case study, I demonstrate how for Lydgate the liturgical kiss becomes a threshold of encounter with Christ through the incarnation. Rather than producing an emotive response, as is often characterized, the liturgical kiss fosters an intellectual illumination and deeper knowledge of Christ crucified.

Духовные стихи в рукописных поминальных тетрадях (традиция русско-коми-пермяцкого пограничья)

Folk religious poetry is quite often included in the sphere of funeral and memorial rites. Singers of spiritual verses often write them down in special “memorial” notebooks, which they use during performances. There is a controversial issue that has not yet been resolved. Do written collections existing in different territories display such a noticeable originality that would allow us to assert the presence of special local or regional manuscript traditions? In this article, the author characterizes memorial notebooks that arose in the Middle Urals, in the zone of active Russian-KomiPermyak contacts, where Russian-Yurlinians and Kochev KomiPermyaks live. A collection of 29 manuscripts serves as our material, of which 5 are analyzed in detail. The specificity of memorial notebooks is manifested in a typical set of spiritual poems, accompanying genres, choice of titles, acceptable forms of writing (with or without division into poetic lines), etc. Most of these handwritten notebooks include not only spiritual verses, but also prayers, essentially becoming “vernacular prayer books”. Typical poem titles include a mention of genre; indicate a place in the ritual; name the main characters; repeat the first line or its keyword. In Komi-Permyak notebooks, more often than in Russian ones, the traditional set of poems is expanded by including new verses. The “horizontal” organization of the text here becomes one of two conventional ways of writing spiritual verses. Elements of the written form acquire additional content, they become conventional and are reproduced within the community.

Екатерина II как воплощение Белой Тары: обожествляли ли буряты Романовых?

Introduction. The tradition of worshipping the Russian Empress Catherine II by Buryat Buddhists as an earthly incarnation of the enlightened Buddhist deity White Tara is regarded as an established historical fact by researchers (and officials of Russia’s largest Buddhist organization ‘Buddhist Traditional Sangha of Russia’), and has never been questioned. Yet a careful analysis of Buryat written sources and Russian historical documents makes the statement somewhat problematic. Goals. The article attempts a comparative insight into a range of documentary, narrative and folklore sources in Buryat, Russian and Tibetan to clarify the issue of actual relationships between Buryat Buddhists and Catherine the Great. Results. The paper establishes that the statement insisting the title of Bandido Khambo Lama was recognized by Catherine II in 1767 goes back only to Buryat written sources — and is not corroborated by Russian historical documents. Our analysis of Russian-language sources, including letters and writings by Catherine II, makes it possible to surmise that the Empress’s attitude towards her ‘Lamaist’ subjects was dictated by her foreign policy plans in Asia and the Renaissance disregard for archaic cultures of ‘Siberian idolaters’ believed by eighteenth-century scholars to comprise Buryat Buddhists too. Insights into the surviving Buryat sources, including historical chronicles and biographies, also do not confirm the existence of a developed cult of venerating Catherine II as incarnate goddess White Tara. Nevertheless, such evidence has been preserved in Buryat song folklore and religious poetry but it should be borne in mind that, apparently, those are modern narratives dating from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is the latter period that was characterized by the wide dissemination of the idea of the sanctity of the Romanov Dynasty in the eyes of Buddhists, which may have been backed by prominent opinion leaders of the Russian political establishment to further promote the concept of Russia’s expansion deep into Buddhist Asia.

Patriotic and Religious Perspectives in the Literature of Boro Pavlović — Echoes of Tradition in Modernity

Croatian poetry of the 20th century is characterized by a great diversity of worldviews and ideas regardless of whether one examines it from a synchronic or a diachronic standpoint. The spiritual stratification process of Croatian poetry began at the turn of 20th century with a discussion between traditionalists and modernists on the principles of literary creation, and it developed partially among modernists toward an acceptance of contesting notions regarding Christianity. A step further in this respect was taken during the first two decades, when literary creation in the Yugoslav state of that time was under strong communist ideological pressure which resulted in a departure from the spiritual, but also from national–patriotic content, either by rejecting/neglecting it or through a negativistic attitude toward it. Among those who successfully resisted this pressure and thus preserved the spirit of tradition in modernity is the writer Boro Pavlović (1922–2022). The aim of this article is to determine the relationship between modernity and tradition in his literary work by taking into account the aforementioned elements. As a paradigmatic field for research and interpretation, examples were taken from the author’s patriotic and religious poetry, as well as some of his essays and studies on Croatian writers and literary themes which point to the fact that Pavlović’s literary work is a model of the inclusive interweaving of modernity with tradition in regard to worldviews and ideas, content and themes, but also, though only partially so, in regard to linguistic expression.

ANALISIS PUISI “SAJAK CINTA" KARYA GUS MUS PADA KALANGAN REMAJA

This study aims to describe the message contained in the poem "Sajak Cinta and the interest of teenagers in the work of KH. A. Mustofa Bisri or known as Gus Mus, he is a poet who can be said to be religious. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The object of this research is teenagers. The results of the study show that in the poem "Sajak Cinta" there is a very broad message. The meaning of love is not only interpreted as just romance between women and men but more than that. The poetry of religious love is indeed a string of words. But rhyme is usually symbolic. There is a "rasa" (dzauq), a feeling-pangrasa, which cannot simply be shared through text. Because of this, religious poetry becomes a symbolic expression of a feeling whose essence cannot be contained in words, because this feeling is related to the beauty and tenderness of the Divine. Teenagers know Gus Mus as a poet and they have an interest in his poetry.

Retiring Bards: The Motives Behind the Professional Bards’ Religious Compositions

About one-fifth of the extant corpus of Bardic poetry consists of poems on religious themes. Why did professional Bardic poets, who made their living from praising worldly patrons, expend so much effort on religious verse? This paper offers some possible explanations.

Emevîlerin Hilâfete Gelme Şekillerini Dinî-Siyasî Açıdan Meşrulaştırma Çabaları

Legitimacy in governance plays a pivotal role, especially when it serves as the foundation for accepting and perpetuating political powers. Historically, this has been evident in various states, but the case of the Umayyad State presents a uniquely compelling exploration. Unlike preceding Islamic rulers, the Umayyads pursued their claim to the caliphate, not through consensus (shura) but strategic political maneuverings. Their tenure, marked by significant events like the referee incident and the Battle of Siffin, continues to be a topic of debate among historians and scholars of Islamic history. Central to this study is understanding how the Umayyads sought to strengthen their legitimacy, especially in the light of criticisms and skepticisms from various quarters, including the ulama and other societal segments. Their legitimacy was further challenged by the dramatic shift in the nature of caliphate accession and its stark departure from previous norms. By investigating sources ranging from the general history of Islam to Siyasatnama writings and hadith compilations, this study offers insights into the religious-political tools the Umayyads employed. Notably, their evocation of religious verses and hadiths, aimed at underscoring their proximity to Prophet Muhammad, was an evident tactic. Such was the potency of this strategy that many subsequent powers in Islamic history mirrored it to bolster their own reigns. The Umayyads also ventured beyond mere textual references. Their choice of titles was symbolic, marking a distinct departure from earlier traditions. For instance, while Caliph Abubakr chose the title "the Prophet's Caliph (Khalifa Rasulullah)" after his election as caliph posts Prophet Muhammad, the Umayyads opted for titles like "Amīnullah (The one in whom Allah is sure)" and " Khalīfatullah (Vicegerent of God)" both carrying profound religious connotations. Additionally, the Umayyads ingrained their religious identity within the political sphere. Their hands-on involvement in religious duties and practices, such as leading hajj pilgrimages and hosting formal oath-taking ceremonies in mosques, further highlights their endeavor to intertwine religion and governance. However, the crux of the Umayyad legitimacy crisis lay in its foundational approach to governance: a marked shift from harnessing power in the name of religion to exploiting religious sentiments for political gain. This was the first time in Islamic history that a dynasty appropriated religious tenets so explicitly for consolidating power, setting a precedent that would be followed by many after. In conclusion, this research unravels the multifaceted strategies the Umayyad State employed to address its legitimacy challenges, contributing significantly to our understanding of Islamic governance and the intricate dance between religion and statecraft.

Islamic Articulation of the Carpe Diem Motif in Herrick's "To Daffodils": A Post-Structuralist and Intertextual Inquiry

While Herrick is known for his religious poetry, the intersection of Islam and his work has not been explored in existing literature. The article examines the potential for Islamic meanings within Robert Herrick's poem "To Daffodils" through post-structuralist and intertextual lenses of literary analysis. The study employs the tenets of post-structuralism to explore the poem's thematic significance in relation to Islam. The analysis takes into account the temporal context of Herrick's 17th century era and the emergence of secularism, as well as the notion of the universality of Islam. The study concludes that the poem serves as a powerful reminder of the transient nature of human life, which is also a central theme in Islamic ethos. Herrick's work can be seen as an exemplar of Islamic knowledge, which imparts messages to humans about the temporality of life and its purposes and its eventual end. This article highlights the importance of Islamic reading of Herrick’s literature conveying important messages about the human condition and the significance of contemplating the ephemeral nature of life.

Poetic Harmony In Arif Abdul Mateen’s Naa’atya Poetry

Naa’at is a form of religious poetry that is recited in praise of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The word “Naa’at " is derived from the Arabic word "nath," which means "praise. “The content of Naa’ats usually includes descriptions of the Prophet Muhammad's character (seerat), his life, and his teachings. Naa’at can also be used to express the devotion and love that Muslims feel towards the Prophet Muhammad. Arif Abdul Mateen wrote in all forms of poetry and prose but his Naa’at genera have special mental thought process and evolution as a journey from communist thoughts to prospects of religion. He in his Naa’atia poetry, basically initiated a heart touching dialogue with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and expected solutions of modern day humanitarian problems from the greatest Reformer and top rank HUMANBEING so he made it a social dialogue rather than mere praise and verbosity. In expression of Naa’at arif’s main focus remained on the philosophical view of developmental, peaceful, progressive and balanced human society as per core Islamic values. His style (Usloob) is having visual and sensory effects embedded with creative, decorated, symbolistic, impressive and articulated treasure of words flavoured with historical imagery. He created Naa’at on the modern poetic norms, which can be seen in each couplet soaked with powerful syntax and images.

Poetry about the Passion of Christ in seventeenth century Estonia, Livonia, and Courland

ABSTRACT Religious poetry, which has once been read and written in different languages in the areas of present-day Estonia and Latvia, has so far remained largely unexplored. In medieval Livonia, there are hardly any traces of local poetry, but the situation changed with the Reformation. During the sixteenth century – linked to the development of congregational singing – psalm poetry became particularly active. In the seventeenth century, the Passion of Christ emerged as a new and well represented topic. The focus of this article is on this distinct genre, which aims to explore in verses the Passion of Christ as a whole.

APPLICATION OF THE LEX SPECIALIS DEROGAT LEGI GENERALIS PRINCIPLE IN HOUSEHOLD VIOLENT CRIMINAL CASES WITH UNDER HAND MARRIAGE STATU

The case against Decision Number 101/Pid.B/2018/Pn Kph with the application of Article 351 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code in criminal cases of domestic violence, as well as the application Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning Domestic Violence for victims of domestic violence with underhanded marriage ties that are not in line with legal objectives in terms of certainty, justice and benefit. This research is a normative legal research using a statutory approach. The results of the research show that the application of Article 351 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code does not fulfill the legal objectives in terms of certainty, justice, and legal benefits. This is due to the fact that the panel of judges, through their considerations, does not see that underhand marriage is a legal marriage, whereas in the KHI and the Marriage Law it is considered that marriages carried out in accordance with religious verses are legal marriages, so that the application Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning Domestic Violence can be applied as a legal basis. Implementation the Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning Domestic Violence can be applied to victims of domestic violence with underhanded marriage ties, based on the KHI and the Marriage Law, this is also strengthened by The Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generalis so that victims of domestic violence with underhand marriage ties are no longer only protected by general regulations, namely the Criminal Code, but special regulations, namely Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning Domestic Violence Law (PKDRT).

Technical Means in the Neo-Avant-Garde by Stanislav Krasovitsky

The article deals with the introduction of new technical devices by Russian religious poet Stanislav Krasovitsky, which connects the tradition of zaum in the avant-garde with the search for a new mystery. As a pioneer of religious poetry during the Thaw period, Krasovitsky anticipated the mystery turn in Soviet culture: the use in rock operas, films and animations of the mystery plot as capable of uniting the various symbols of world culture. For Krasovitsky, the main technical device is the introduction of new letters into the Russian alphabet, taken from Greek and Latin, which allow conveying visual impressions through an unusual combination of sounds and creating a special atmosphere of mystery. It is shown that this project by Krasovitsky is closely related to the development of semiotics and cybernetics and the understanding of scripts as implementing programmed pragmatics in special operational symbols. Krasovitsky did not engage in poetic production for more than two decades, preferring religious asceticism, but at the same time he developed a theoretical justification for his turn from the avant-garde to mystery along the lines of the acts of the Baroque era. He constructed a consistent historiosophy in which paganism, the cult of Apollo, and Christianity were the three stages in the acquisition of truth, and each stage corresponded to its signs, letters, and symbols, containing both semantics and iconically marked pragmatics. This allowed Krasovitsky to combine reflections on the nature of letters with reflections on ritual, and to create late poetry already simply as legitimizing his own priestly rituals. This study allows us to clarify the peculiarities of perception of religious and philosophical issues in the culture of the Soviet period and show how formal experiments, including those supported by a specific medium of typewriter, allowed a new arrangement of verbal and visual elements in the work.

ذوالفقار احمد تابش کی شاعری میں مذہبی ، صوفیانہ اور معاصر مسائل

Zulfiqār Ahmad Tābish a big name who was born in 1938 at Kamonki. He was the only son, also saw many tribulations in his early life. He was deprived of money to meet the requirements of the time for education. He wrote on of the verse in his early age, in his primary school, which according to him forget since the verse emerged in my mind. In the late 20th century, when big literary names came, one of them is Zulfiqar Ahmad Tabish, he has tried to show novelty in Urdu poetry. Zulfiqar Ahmad Tabish has written poetry keeping in mind all the rules of poetry. In Urdu poetry, along with religious poetry, he has also tried to convey current issues. In religious poetry, two of his long poems and a poem in the name of Salim-ur-Rehman are where he tried his hand at poetry, and there is also a glimpse of his prose work. In which a travelogue was published under the name of “Jawār Bhātta”. His poetry collection “Kalam Lab-e-Larzān” contains independent poems, while ”Dar-e-Neem Wā”, a collection of poetry that came out in 2019, also includes ghazals. He has expressed his deep love and devotion to religious and Sufism.

Phebi claro...: the multilayered ambivalence of the “bilingual alba”

The author presents the history of the most significant interpretive transcriptions made by European linguists and medievalists for the monument of early Romanesque lyrics of the 10th century, the anonymous song Phebi claro.. , known under the a posteriori title imposed on it Alba Bilingue . Paying attention to the transcriptions of the text in general, and especially of the refrain, presumably written in Occitan, makes it possible to see the materialized views of their authors on the specifics of the language of the monument, in particular the assignment of word forms to a certain language and the sphere of a certain stylistic coloring (literary speech vs. vernacular speech). This, in turn, makes it possible to understand how each of the researchers saw the whole reconstructed meaning of the song. Attention to the existence of two options for interpreting the text - as a continuation of the Ambrosian allegorical tradition of religious poetry and as a pretext for the secular alba genre in the love lyrics of the troubadours - is drawn, and these options are evaluated. Separately, the verse forms of the monument, to which not enough attention was paid by polemical researchers, are described, and the unity of euphony techniques is stated, which is an important conclusion in the light of the fact that the vast majority of studies usually present Latin couplets and the Romanesque refrain in opposition, reaching the assumption of a late insertion of the refrain. The author pays attention to the lack of unity in the lyrical plot of the monument in view of the fact that the interpreters passed this plot as an obviously important layer of the text by. Also the author points out that in one way or another all interpretations were aimed at simplifying, narrowing the meaning of the monument, which seemed achievable as a result of conjectures, and suggests that contradictions at all levels of the text could be initially set by anonymous author of this song, and linguistic, rhythmic, plot, etc. ambivalence is its essential state, which does not require simplifying, one-sided interpretations.