Religious Seminaries Research Articles

Rethinking economic socialization: the intersection of culture, gender and economic life in a religious enclave

Abstract This article explores how economic socialization serves as a bridge between individual economic behaviors and the broader social and cultural contexts that shape them. Drawing on a post-functionalist approach to socialization, the study examines the ultra-Orthodox Jewish (Haredi) community in Israel, where distinct gender roles, cultural norms and patterns of economic participation create a unique context for investigating divergent economic socialization pathways. Comparing four groups within the Haredi community—average/below-average and high-income women, men with work experience, and men who study at religious seminaries (Yeshiva/Kollel)—analysis of an original survey study reveals how differential exposure to economic life leads to significant variations in financial risk-taking, loss-aversion, financial literacy and competitiveness. The findings problematize explanations attributing economic gender gaps to innate differences, instead highlighting the profound impact of the cultural framing of gender roles vis-à-vis economic integration. By foregrounding economic socialization as a sociological phenomenon, the study contributes to discourses on culture’s role in economic behavior and opens new avenues for examining how individuals acquire economic dispositions through socialization pathways shaped by structural constraints and power relations.

İRAN’IN IRAK’TAKİ Şİİ ARAPLAR ÜZERİNDEKİ YUMUŞAK GÜCÜ

This study delves into Iranian soft power in Iraq and the impact it wields. It focuses on the Arab Shi‘ite majority in particular, who holds significant influence in the country. The primary focus of this study lies in the post-2003 era of Iraq, which marks the fall of Saddam Hussein’s authority at the hands of American forces.The introduction of the study provides a brief overview of Iraq after 2003, highlighting pivotal events such as the Sunni-Shi‘ite sectarian war in 2006, the emergence of ISIS, and the subsequent influence of Iran, particularly through the strategic use of soft power. Further the study will elaborate on a framework concerning power in international relations with a spesific focus on the various forms of power (soft, hard and smart).The greatest focus in this study is on Iran’s soft power tools encompassing elements such as Iran’s ideology, the influence of the jurist, politicians and parties loyal to Iran, media, culture, education, and the promotion of regressive tendencies. The study will explore the reasons behind the sentiments of Iraqi Shi‘ites who harbor resentment towards Iran, rejecting its soft power, along with all other forms of influence. It additionally seeks to understand the differences between the religious seminary and the Shi‘ites of Iraq as compared to their counterparts in Qom and Iran.

Memory and National Identity Among Afghan Refugees in Peshawar

Drawing on the literature on nationalism and national attachment, as well as memory studies, we analyze the extent to which Afghan refugees in Peshawar continue to identify strongly with their homeland, or with Pakistan. Based on survey research and in-depth interviews, we find that second generation immigrants have a stronger Pakistani and weaker Afghan identification compared to those who grew up in Afghanistan. This relationship is mediated by a number of factors, including religion. Native Pashto speakers generally have a stronger sense of Pakistani identity compared to non-Pashto speakers, and Urdu fluency also has an impact on their national identity. Interestingly, those who gained their education through a religious seminary, or madrasa, identify more strongly with Pakistan compared to those who studied in the public school system. Furthermore, self-reported regularity in daily prayers and Quranic recitation is also associated with a stronger sense of Pakistani identity.

An Analysis of Lexical Cohesive Devices in Meaning Making Maqamat Al Hariri

This study investigates cohesion, one of rhetoric's foremost and fundamental characteristics, in the famous Arabic text ‘Maqamat-al-Hariri’ taught in Madaris (religious seminaries) in Pakistan. The study considers cohesive tools, meaning, and functions to connect a text like an organic whole. The theoretical framework adopted is the text-linguistic approach. Reviewing previous literature reveals that cohesion has been studied in different academic and research fields. Although there are several studies about cohesion in the Holy Al-Quran, cohesion in any Arabic text other than the Al-Quran has not been considered academically. The study concentrates on cohesive devices and their functions in Maqamat-al-Hariri using Hasan and Halliday’s model. The primary objective was to analyse the text for lexical cohesion, conjunctions, references, ellipsis and substitution. The results revealed that the most frequently used device is personal reference, conjunction while reiteration and the ellipsis is the least used cohesive device in the selected text. In all Maqamat-al-Hariri, there is no single sentence that does not have a cohesive device. A web of cohesive devices ties all Maqamat-al-Hariri together, making it one of the prominent coherent Arabic texts.

Imam al-Tirmidhi and His Methodology in the Book of Sunan

Sahih al-Tirmidhi, also known as Jami` al-Tirmidhi, is a renowned work of Imam al-Tirmidhi, one of the six major collections of authentic Hadith in Islam, holding a significant position among Muslims. In religious seminaries, legal studies programs, and Hadith courses, it is systematically taught. The esteemed Imam adopted a methodology distinct from other collections of Hadith, particularly the authentic compilations of Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. He insisted that his methodology in Hadith compilation be scrutinized and examined, highlighting the importance of understanding the approach of the author, as it aids readers in comprehending the book's contents better.
 The findings of this research demonstrate that this extensive Hadith encyclopedia possesses unique characteristics and features, leading even some prominent Islamic scholars to prefer it over Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Since the subject of this article does not have a theological aspect, a reliable and authoritative reference library was consulted in its composition. It is hoped that this article serves as a crucial and beneficial step in introducing this book to eager learners.

Pakistani Teachers' Perceptions of Moral Education through Teaching of Islamic Studies: A Qualitative Study

This qualitative research explored the perspectives of Islamiat (religious education) teachers regarding moral values, teaching practices, and the challenges faced in moral education in the three main Pakistani education sectors, namely Madaris (religious seminaries), Public and Private schools. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with six secondary-level Islamiat teachers, two from each education sector. Findings revealed that all teachers believed Quran and Hadith to be the main sources of morality. They focused on imbibing moral development only through lectures, sparse questions-answer sessions, the narration of stories and examinations. Moreover, they did not advocate the Islamic virtues of peace, tolerance, and human rights. Also, they expressed negative views of other religions and Western social practices. Among the challenges, participants considered an unsupportive social environment and unsupervised internet access as challenges to moral development. Hence, the study recommends that Islamiat teachers should broaden their perspectives and use interactive and cooperative teaching strategies. Moreover, teachers should be provided professional training for the effective moral development of students through Islamic studies.

The History in Procession

This article investigates emerging patterns of pilgrimage in the context of Shiʿite Islam and studies the case of Arbaʿyin based on two weeks of participatory observation, walking from the al-Faw peninsula in the far south of Iraq to the city of Karbalâ. I identify three narratives in this pilgrimage—tribal, ideological and orthodox—and discuss their commonalities and differentials. The maʿāzīb system of the tribal narrative is the core of the comparison, yet each narrative is interrelated with the others through the central themes of war, political Islam and religious seminaries. In the last section, I explore recent transformations of these themes as well as the pilgrims’ configuration. The tribal narrative of Arbaʿyin presents itself as a rival to the ideological narrative pilgrimage. Although this narrative is based on the social structure of a tribal system, it struggles with new transformations and challenges in form and content.

16. Asır Kudüs’ünde Bir İlim Kurumu: Taziyye Medresesi

Üç semavi din için kutsal kabul edilen, bu nedenle tarih boyunca bu üç dine mensup devletlerin şehre hâkim olma mücadeleleri verdiği, yeryüzünde bu özellikte tek şehir olan Kudüs Müslümanlar için de tarihleri boyunca önemli bir konumda olmuştur. İslam idaresinde olduğu her dönemde Mekke ve Medine’den sonra üçüncü harem kabul edilen, tamamı Mescid-i Aksa olarak anılan Harem-i Şerif alanı başta olmak üzere şehrin her köşesinde Müslüman bir kimlik oluşturmak amacıyla imar ve inşa faaliyetleri devam etmiştir. Coğrafi konumu sebebiyle ticaret merkezi özelliği taşımayan, Haçlı seferlerinin olduğu dönem dışında askeri ve siyasi olarak da merkezi bir konumu olmayan Kudüs, Müslümanların hâkim olduğu zamanlarda mukaddes bir dini merkez olmanın yanında önemli bir ilim merkezi özelliği de taşımıştır. Şehirde inşa edilen medreseler, tekke ve zaviyeler, ribâtlar, hankahlar gibi müstakil dini ve ilmi kurumların yanı sıra Mescid-i Aksa’nın kendisi de sadece ibadet için kullanılan bir mescit olmayıp her zaman cami dersleri, zikir meclisleri, mestabe denilen ve avlusunda kurulan ilim halkalarıyla canlı bir ilim merkezi fonksiyonu icra etmiştir. Şehirde ilim kurumlarının tesisi Eyyûbîler döneminde başlayarak Memlükler ile zirveye ulaşmış, Osmanlılar döneminde ise daha çok mevcut sistemin, kurumların ve bu kurumları ayakta tutan vakıfların muhafazasını sağlayan bir siyaset takip edilmiştir. Osmanlı idaresine geçtikten sonra Kudüs’te bulunan medreselerin işleyişini nasıl devam ettirdiği, vakıf müessesesinin kontrolü gibi konuların anlaşılması için Kudüs medreseleri üzerine yapılacak müstakil çalışmaların sayısının artması önemlidir. Bu alanda literatüre katkı sağlamayı amaçlayan bu makalenin konusu; önemli askeri ve idari hizmetlerde bulunan, ancak ömrünün son demlerinde yaşadığı siyasi sorunların ardından bir tür emeklilik ihsanı olarak Kudüs’te yaşama talebi kabul edilen Memlük emiri Emir Tâz tarafından inşa ettirilen, orta büyüklükte olduğunu düşündüğümüz Tâziyye Medresesi’dir. Mescid-i Aksa çevresinde kurulan ve sayıları elliyi aşan medreseden biri olan Tâziyye, XVI. asırda nüfusu ancak 5 bin civarında olan şehirdeki canlı ilim hayatının bir şahidi olarak Osmanlı devletinin hâkimiyeti döneminde de faaliyetine devam etmiştir. Osmanlı döneminde Arap coğrafyasında bulunan medreselerin yapısını ve işleyişini ele alan literatürde mevcut çalışmalar daha çok vakfiyesi bugüne gelen veya mansıp sahiplerinin ve talebelerinin izinin tabakât kitaplarından sürülebildiği yani hakkında malumata ulaşmanın nispeten kolay olduğu daha büyük ölçekli ve görünürlüğü olan yapılara odaklanmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı ise, XVI. asırda Kudüs’ün ilmi kurumlarını ve yapısını anlayabilmek için büyük ve görünür bir örneğin değil, şehirde sayıca daha fazla olan ancak hakkında sınırlı miktarda malumata rastlanan orta ölçekli bir örneğin izini sürerek literatüre kazandırmaktır. Bunun için XVI. asırda farklı tarihlere ait Şer̒iyye sicilleri ve mühimme kayıtları ile literatürde mevcut çalışmalara müracaat edilecektir. Kudüs Şer̒iyye sicilleri Arapça olup defterlerin fiziki şartları ve yazı karakterleri sebebiyle okunması konusunda zorluklarla karşılaşıldığı için Türkçe literatürde, merkezine doğrudan bu yerel kaynakları alarak konuyu inceleyen çalışma sayısının az olması nedeniyle bu makale bu yönüyle de alana katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Makale beş başlıktan oluşmaktadır. İlk başlıkta medresenin vâkıfı olan Memlük emiri Emir Tâz hakkında biyografik bilgilere, ikinci başlıkta medresenin mekânsal özelliklerine yer verilmiştir. Medresenin devamlılığı için en önemli unsur olan vakıf gelirlerinin ve bu işleyişte görevli kişilerin ele alındığı üçüncü başlıkta hem medresenin maddi desteğinin büyüklüğü incelenmiş hem işleyişte karşılaşılan bazı sorunlar ortaya konmuştur. Dördüncü başlıkta medresenin tedris faaliyetinin unsurlarına odaklanarak Kudüs medreselerinde mansıpların tevcihi, mansıp elde etmek için rekabet, medresenin tedris kapasitesi ve sunduğu imkânlar gibi konulara Tâziyye Medresesi özelinde yer verilmiştir. Beşinci başlıkta ise medresedeki diğer dini hizmetler incelenmiştir. Vakfiyesi bugüne ulaşmayan medresenin vakıf şartlarının detaylarına ve tarih boyunca değişime uğrayıp uğramadığı bilgisine ulaşmak henüz mümkün olmadığı gibi mevcut malumat tedrisin mahiyetine ve okutulan eserlerin hangileri olduğuna dair de detaylı bilgi elde etme imkânı sunmamaktadır. Kudüs ile alakalı medreseler ve daha büyük çerçevede ilmi hayat ile alakalı çalışmaların sayısı arttıkça literatürde bulunan bu boşlukların da doldurulması mümkün olacaktır.

Strategies of Saiful Dawla Sadaqa ibn Mansour In spreading the Shiite Culture in Hilla City and the Islamic World

After the fall of the rule of Bani Buyid (the state of Buyids) and the controlover the Seljuk state on Iraq, the pressure on Shiites increased. Moreover,their areas became vulnerable to attacks and invasions that forcedsome of them to migrate to other areas such as al-Najaf al-Ashraf.The Hawza (Religious Seminary) of Najaf was effective until the endof the era of Sheikh al-Tusi and became in a deplorable state afterwards.At that time, when all the shia scholars and students were in the midstof searching for a suitable place, Prince Sadaqa ibn Mansour provided asuitable place for the expansion of Shiites' scientific activities by choosingthe city of Hilla as the capital of the state of Aal-Mazid.This plan -followed by the Prince in attracting scientists to this citywasvery important and led to preparing the ground for the prosperity ofthe scientific estate in Hilla in the sixth Hijri century.This research, along with the textual criticism and reference to libraryinformation sources, describes the role of Sadaqa ibn Mansour in spreadingand expanding the Shiites' culture in Hilla and the Islamic world.

What has been Textually Criticized of the Works of the Scholars of Hilla. Part Three/ The Last Part

We have published the first and second part of this detailed bibliographic research in the previous two issues. We adopted a scientific approach in our presentation of the books that were compiled by the scholars of the scientific Hawza (Religious Seminary) in Hilla. We explained the criteria that we adopted in selecting the books and their authors. We mentioned only the textually criticized and the printed books and left many other books because we did not have copies of and because our approach is to describe what we could have between our hands of the scientifically criticized books.In this issue, we will state the third section which is the last part of the research. This part begins with the letter 'M' and ends with the last alphabetic letter which is the letter 'E'. Praise is due to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.

Political Survival through Religious Instrumentalism: Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Fazlur Rehman's Resistance to Madrassah Reforms in Pakistan

AbstractPakistan has strived though unsuccessfully to introduce reforms into thousands of religious seminaries. Among the different sects of seminaries, Deobandi madaris which are mostly led by Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Fazlur Rehman (JUI-F) have posed the greatest challenge. This paper seeks to analyze why and how JUI-F obstructs the state's attempts of convincing madaris for reforms. Based on the findings of elite group interviews and constructs of “elite instrumentalism” and “political survival theory,” this study argues that JUI-F has political interests, both strategic-cum-existential and tactical, at stake in resisting these reforms. This study of Fazlur Rehman's behavior vis-à-vis state's madrassah reform initiatives allows one to bring home the theoretical premises set by “political survival theory” and “elite instrumentalism.” Accordingly, JUI-F opposes madrassah reforms because the instrumental use of religion (madaris) has long been vital for retaining its political power which in turn has ensured party's political survival.

Education and Radicalization; Is There Any Causative Relationship? A Case Study of Pakistan

The concept of radicalization has remained an intense part of human history. The features of this process are significant to understand human behaviour and encountering the social construction of any society. Several studies suggest that radicalization or extremism can be described as violent expressions, manifesting in the shape of extreme views, ideology or acts of violence against any individual, community, sect or even country. For this, several countries have spent substantial financial resources to pledge such threats and a spate of legislation to safeguard their respective national security. Research into radicalization, unfortunately, does not pay much consideration to education. This is extraordinary and may also, possibly, misses an important effect on the process of radicalization. Therefore, this study establishes a cognitive approach towards this term and examines whether radicalization has any linkage or causative relations with education as well. For this study, we have borrowed different denotations and connotations of radicalization and education by numerous scholars to determine the interconnectivity between radicalization and education. After going through existing the literature review, we establish that radicalization and education have strong connections. Education, be that formal or informal, can be used as an extensive tool to radicalize youth anywhere in the world. In this regard, we have studied Pakistan’s history vis-à-vis its education system in religious seminaries and public schools. We determine that the government of Pakistan has accepted the reality that its education system at the public schools and Madrassahs have remained an instrument to radicalize the youth in the country, which has raised fear for the internal security of Pakistan and for global security as well. In the end, we suggest that despite numerous steps by the Government of Pakistan, the international community must come up to assist Pakistan in terms of revitalizing its overall education system vis-à-vis curriculum changes to evade any further (emerging) extremism, which is rooted through radical textbooks at the public schools.

Emerging Trends of Radicalization in Global Context and Pakistan and their Solution in the Light of Islamic Teachings

Terrorists use violence to create fear. Comprehending why terrorists kill innocent civilians is crucial to understanding the situation. The current discussion on ‘root causes' focuses on identifying a terrorist's anti-civilization motivations. But the debate over what motivates a terrorist misses the circumstances that enable terrorism. To reduce the number of terrorists, it is vital to identify their enablers and root causes. Terrorism's purpose will take a decade or more to decrease, and its capabilities will need continual attention. Radicalism shares several values. It was a happy, tranquil, prosperous period. Fundamentalists believe that change comes from above, and hence support force and coercion above democracy and popular will. So, the structure isn't democratic. One for every fanatical. Armed forces toppled progressive anti-imperialist leader Ahmed Soekarno in 1964, slaughtering communists posing as American imperialism. In 1973, General Pinochet killed Chile's first elected socialist president, Silva Durlande. Forcing martial rule in Pakistan and deposing Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, fundamentalists supported General Zia-ul-Haq. Extremism and fanaticism yield their fruit. Our religious seminaries teach the same mindset that is spread by Islamic groups and religious politicians, which has produced the present position for Islam and Muslims worldwide. However, what is the right Islam? If there is a religious riot in Muslim culture, it is not the preaching of secularism, but a religious counter narrative that may bring peace. ۔
 Keywords: Radicalization, Emerging trends, Solution, Islam, Pakistan

Impacts of Covid-19 on Religious Seminaries & Educational Sectors of Pakistan: A Scholastic Approach

Corona Virus has become one of the most contagious pandemics of the 21st century, which has affected people all over the world. Economically stable countries have not suffered as much from the crises, but third-world countries are suffering greatly from the virus. Pakistan is currently facing financial, economic, and educational crises, on the other hand, people are losing their lives every day. This pandemic has not only created problems for students but also for the government. A staggering economy, growing poverty, and online learning were huge challenges. Marking strategies during online learning were totally absent and lack of student’s concentration increased the different problems. This research study has been conducting to analyze the impacts of the Corona Virus on Pakistan’s education and Madāris even Mosques were also devastated by the epidemic. The present study is also an attempt to elaborate on all those hurdles which appeared during online learning. This research comprises primary and secondary sources including government and official records, journals and books, etc. with an objective to find out the reasons for students' dropout rates along with the need for digital education in Pakistan. Lack of teachers training and unawareness of the new teaching methodologies are still the most noticeable challenges.

Iran's Africa‐Pivot Policy

AbstractAfrica is a pivotal continent for Iran, as the Islamic Republic aims to expand its influence in wider global vistas. Iran experiences frequent setbacks in developing its Africa policy, but the continent continues to offer ample opportunities to support Tehran. This is partly because revolutionary Iran's Africa policy evolves through a wide array of piecemeal political, security, maritime, economic, and cultural activities. A host of Iranian organizations implement Iran's Africa policy, including the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, the Quds Force, the naval forces, inter‐parliamentary groups, friendship associations, and local chambers of commerce, as well as charities, religious seminaries, and universities. This article explores Iran's policies and their impact across the African continent. It also shows how Iran's activities evolve as the country seizes opportunities to expand bilateral and regional ties with African countries while retracting its involvement when it is unable to ensure strong bonds. The ebb and flow in Iranian Africa policy challenges but continually offers Tehran a chance to explore its foreign relations across the continent; as a result, Africa will play a vital role in sustaining Iran's international contacts, ability to circumvent sanctions, and capacity to withstand pressures from rival powers. The undeniable spread of Islam across Africa means that Iran will make efforts to win followers and propagate its brand of religion and revolutionary worldview as part of measures to build strategic depth across the continent.

A Close Encounter. Iranian Shiʻi Clergy and Artificial Intelligence

ABSTRACT: Although, the Iranian Shiʻi clergy have commonly been portrayed as conservative, reactionary and resistant to technological advancements, since the establishment of the Islamic Republic they have demonstrated a remarkable willingness to embrace the latest technological innovations in medicine, communication, or computer sciences with the aim of boosting their own operational effectiveness. The group has adeptly utilised the new social media environment to enhance interaction with the faithful and disseminate religious content. This has impacted not only their relationship with society, but also the overall activity of the group in the light of the Islamic Republic’s challenges. This article examines Iranian Shiʻi clerics’ views on contemporary technology, focusing on the example of so-called artificial intelligence (pers. hūsh-e maṣnūʿī ). The study provides an overview of clerics’ views on artificial intelligence and identifies the principal domains where the greatest gains of AI are perceived to have taken place. It aims to reveal the rationale behind the clergy’s optimistic outlook on AI, by examining initiatives carried out within the Shiʻi religious seminaries in Iran.

Religious Chauvinism: An Emerging Counterproductive Dilemma of Post 9/11 Pakistani Nationalism in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden

This study explores the emergence of religious chauvinism in post 9/11 Pakistan in Aslam's 'The Blind Man's Garden'. The rise of chauvinism and militant connotations is not only provenance of great disintegration but also a menace to a prestigious survival of the state, a setback to the moderate majority of Pakistanis that takes pride in their nationality. Some extremist voices, which, no doubt nationalist though they are, yet stigmatize the soft image of Pakistan and Islam due to a harsher stand and their infatuation with blind religiosity. Focusing on Aslam's 'The Blind Man's Garden' (2013), this article argues about how religious seminaries in Pakistan misinterpret religious scripts to distribute hate among the masses to create an 'other' that suits their ideology and politics. The paper argues that fundamentalization in general and institutional radicalization in particular, which through state-controlled mechanisms, are let loose to the extent that they not only control society but also challenge the writ of the state.

Islamic Finance Education and the Curriculum of Deeni Madaris (Religious Seminaries)

Sharī‘ah governance is a unique element of the Islamic financial system in which Ulama (Islamic scholars) play a fundamental role. Deeni Madaris (religious seminaries) are the major channels for the education of the Ulama. This study analyzed and compared the syllabi of Deeni Madaris (religious seminaries) taught in Dars-e-Nizami (full-time) and Takhasus fil Fiqh /Takhasus fil Ifta (specialization in Islamic jurisprudence and Fatwa granting process) as offered by different schools of Islamic thought regarding Islamic finance education. A survey was conducted among the academics of these religious institutions regarding the structure of the syllabus followed in their respective institutions. The questionnaire focused on exploring the respondents’ opinions about the status of the curriculum concerning Islamic finance and their efforts for the inclusion of contemporary studies in it, specifically those regarding Islamic finance and jurisprudence issues.

Shedding Light on the Modalities of Authority in a Dar al-Uloom, or Religious Seminary, in Britain

‘God is the Light of the heavens and the earth…’ This article sheds light on the modalities of authority that exist in a traditional religious seminary or Dar al-Uloom (hereon abbreviated to DU) in modern Britain. Based on unprecedented insider access and detailed ethnography, the paper considers how two groups of teachers, the senior and the younger generation, acquire and shine their authoritative light in unique ways. The article asserts that within the senior teachers an elect group of ‘luminaries’ exemplify a deep level of learning combined with practice and embodiment, while the remaining teachers are granted authority by virtue of the Prophetic light, or Hadith, they radiate. The younger generation of British-born teachers, however, are the torchbearers at the leading edge of directing the DU. While it may take time for them to acquire the social and symbolic capital of the senior teachers, operationally, they are the ones illuminating the way forward. The paper discusses the implications of the changing nature of authority within the DU is likely to have for Muslims in Britain.

Religious Seminaries and Muslim Education in Indo-Pakistan Sub-Continent: A Critical Historical Analysis

This paper focuses on the history of Islamic studies and the growth of Muslim edification scheme subsequent to the arrival of Islam in South Asia (712 A.D) and also explores the key role played by the Emperors in its establishment since 1206 A.D. Thereafter, it will highlight the efforts of Muslim rulers in introducing religious-cum-modern education system through Madrassah (religious seminaries) in Indo-Pakistan Sub-continent including the period of British-India from 1757 to 1947 A.D. which adversely affected the Muslim education system by introducing foreign educational reforms to target the curriculum of the Islamic education system. The paper will shed light on the development of Madrassahin Pakistan and the 9/11 incident that has drastically affected the image of the religious seminaries in imparting Islamic education to the people in the global community.