Religious Manuscripts Research Articles

Somatic Stimulation and the Grail: Experiencing London British Library Royal MS 14.E.III as a Haptic Interface

ABSTRACT Michael Camille (2000, 216) suggests that medieval images are “not the reflection of some external view of this world but the beginning and foundation of a process of thought.” This article suggests that the audience to London British Library Royal MS 14.E.iii used haptic interaction with the codex as a way of uniting physical and spiritual sensory perception. In this way, the manuscript’s audience utilized a process that we might today define as “embodied reading,” in which the reception of a given narrative is enhanced through the stimulation of multiple sensory modalities. Building upon new work by Kathryn Rudy that focuses on the damage caused by touching, rubbing, and kissing religious manuscripts, I argue that the same “damage-by-loving-touch” can also be seen in two miniatures in Royal 14.E.iii. In each example, the audience’s targeted touching of the Grail table mirrors the way in which characters within the text touch (and are subsequently healed by) the same object. By extension, this suggests that the lessons (and potential benefits) of accessing the Grail were understood to be applicable to the manuscript’s audience: the owners of Royal 14.E.iii treated the manuscript as if it was a devotional text, physical contact with which allowed them to participate in the events of the narrative.

A prolific 19th-century Bugis scribe: Syaikh Zainal Abidin and his personal catalogue of 52 Qur’an manuscripts copied

Syaikh Zainal Abidin bin al-Khatib Umar was an eminent 19th century Bugis religious scholar and Qur’anic scribe from Pammana, Wajo, in South Sulawesi. Exceptionally for Southeast Asia, Qur’an manuscripts by Bugis scribes often have full colophons, with details of when, where and by whom they were copied, and so far five Qur’an manuscripts as well as a number of other religious manuscripts by Syaikh Zainal Abidin have been documented. A recent important discovery is Syaikh Zainal Abidin’s own catalogue of 52 Qur’an manuscripts he had copied, with details of each owner, located from Sumbawa to Lampung and Pontianak. This study attempts to link up the Syaikh Zainal Abidin’s known Qur’an manuscripts with those listed in his catalogue, thereby shedding further light on his biography and networks of patronage.

Sitasi Koleksi Naskah Kuno Pada Skripsi Mahasiswa Prodi Sastra Melayu Tahun2016-2019 Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Lancang Kuning Pekanbaru

The aim of this research is to determine the frequency of cited manuscript authors, the types of cited manuscripts, the languages of cited manuscripts, and the most frequently cited publication years. This study focuses on the theses of Malay Literature students from the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Lancang Kuning, from 2016 to 2019. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. Data collection is conducted through observation and documentation. The data is collected from the bibliography of the theses of Malay Literature students from the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Lancang Kuning, from 2016 to 2019, totaling 196 theses. The results of this research indicate that among the theses, 51 of them used ancient manuscripts from 2016 to 2019, with a total of 222 citations. Among the 222 citations, the most frequently cited type of manuscript is religious manuscripts, accounting for 27 citations (54%). The most frequently cited language of the manuscripts is Aksara language, with 55.92%, totaling 184 citations. The most frequently cited author is Syeh Abu, with 23 citations, accounting for 30.66% of the total. Additionally, 120 citations, or 38.33% of the total, indicate the most frequently cited publication years ranging from 1965 to 2015.

Manuscript Online Repository as Scholar References Source

One of the alternatives to revive the religious manuscript researcher and scholar passion is by providing an easy online reference about religious manuscript. Some manuscript researcher of ex-Office of Religious Research and Development Ministry of Religious Affairs have started to make and maintain an online repository about religious manuscripts since 2019. The plentiful manuscript data, which is resulted from research, contain philological description aspect and digital photo file needs to be followed up more than just a research report or catalogue. It also needs to be easily accessible by other scholar and researcher in an open access repository. This online repository, managed by the researcher team, contain almost 450 religious manuscripts from Madura. The other data that will be uploaded are Islamic manuscript found in Bali, manuscript by K.H. Ahmad Rifa’i Kalisalak, Syaikh Mahfudz Termas, and also from K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari. Using descriptive qualitative method, this paper aims to answer and introduce to three aspects, namely: a) the importance of providing an open access of religious manuscript using online repository; b) the content and general description of religious manuscript online repository; and c) the guidelines on how to access and download the manuscript from online repository.

Cartas Ejecutorias de Hidalguía (executory certificates of nobility): a survey in materials analysis, legal, and aesthetic contexts—two case studies

Illuminated manuscripts are relatively well studied, but the available publications greatly focus on religious manuscripts of a geographically limited area. In contrast, technical examinations of illuminated legal documents have received far less attention, e.g., Spanish cartas ejecutorias de hidalguía (executory certificates of nobility). These documents are suitable case studies to deepen current knowledge of manuscript-making in Spain for two reasons: First, they are dated (late fifteenth to early eighteenth centuries); and second, they are unusual and understudied from both the textual and materials analysis standpoints. Cartas contain judicial proceedings whereby a family gained or was re-assigned hidalguía (lower nobility). A key exhibit to achieving this status was proving their “blood purity” which implied they were faithful Catholics, so finding religious representations within the document is common. In addition, families embedded their faith and links to monarchs in their coat of arms through symbols like crowned eagles, trees, and towers. The deliberate choice of heraldic and religious elements is as important as the materials used to produce them. Interested in better understanding illumination in Spain we are studying these unique documents from the historical, materials, and iconographic points of view. Herein, we present the earliest results of an ongoing survey, detailing two case studies: Davila and Nuñez D. Armesto cartas. This research uses a combination of: (a) instrumental techniques (X-ray fluorescence, reflectance, and infrared spectroscopies; peptide mass fingerprinting; and gas chromatography); and (b) historical research using both the manuscript’s contents as primary sources, and published research. The preliminary results are enabling us to shed light onto Spanish (legal) illuminated manuscript-making, and the symbolic role materials played, e.g., use of precious metals adorning monarchical elements, presence of ultramarine mixed with azurite on both coats of arms, and on Virgin Mary’s gown, etc. This survey intends to simultaneously learn more about illumination practices in Spain, inform conservation decisions, and hopefully better understand problems connected to historic ideologies that were legalized in beautiful albeit disturbing documents, e.g., persecution of non-Catholics at the time in Spain.

A STUDY OF LIGHT HIERARCHY IMPACTS IN MOSQUES: A CASE STUDY OF MASJID WAZIR KHAN, LAHORE

Light has always been an icon of magnificent and mystical interplay with architectural spaces. Our built monopoly utilizes natural Light in such a manner that specifies meaningful experience to the spatial design. Light is a supreme element in Islamic architecture that symbolizes supremacy and knowledge, forcing humans to relate to spiritual experience just by being in sacred spaces. The built environment, however, should indicate this worldly Light as depicting paradise, a believable phenomenon even mentioned in our religious manuscripts. Usually, the focus was on the design elements of spatial planning of these built structures, yet other modifying design elements are used better to attain ecstasy and Light is one of them. Almost every religious building in the world has some wonders and depiction that makes them beautiful and recognizable across the globe. Hence Pakistan also has many beautiful buildings with glorious Islamic backgrounds focusing on Light. The Mosque, a perfect symbol of Islamic architecture, has a beautiful play of Light inside that reminds of the holy verses. This study focuses on the play of lights used in mosques as the best manifestation of Islamic architecture based on investigations through descriptive and explorative data for analyses. The study was carried out through a case study of the Wazir Khan Mosque, which is beautifully articulated with hierarchical lighting used to enhance Light's impacts for exploring the lighted spaces. The research findings are that the light display in the various parts of the mosques is beautifully intricated in such a manner as not only those parts keep the Mosque well lit for the Devoutes like the central courtyard, Inner chamber that uses Light in a way that the identification of a place that leaves the user with sense holiness. Keywords: Mosque, Light, Islamic architecture, Pakistan, Lahore, Masjid Wazir Khan.

A CONTEMPORIZED MYTH AND REALITY IN CONFLICT: SUNDERLAL’S PSYCHIC IMBALANCE IN LAJWANTI BY RAJINDER SINGH BEDI

Man has always been trying to make sense of the world around him in the light of the narratives around him. Be they the stories given in the religious manuscripts, the myths of gods and goddesses, legends of the heroes, or everyday common moral stories, they are always regarded as a store of human wisdom, setting ideals to be aspired by man. The myth of Ramayana is such an epic narrative which provides the Hindus with perfect definitions of an ideal man i.e., Rama or an ideal woman i.e., Sita. During the partition of India (1947), the scene of Sita’s abduction was repeated thousands of times with the women of the sub-continent. The men, who consequently had to play the role of Rama, failed in most of the cases to re-enact the narrative in the true sense of the myth. One finds many literary representations of men who remained confused about their roles in such situations. Sunderlal, a character in Rajinder Singh Bedi’s short story “Lajwanti”, trying to make sense of the Rama-Sita narrative in the wake of his own circumstances, seems to be totally lost in a world of incomprehension. This research affirms that this short story may be read as a contemporized and appropriated Ramayana through an examination of the mechanics of Bedi’s juxtaposition of a concrete event (Lajwanti’s abduction) with an abstract event (Seeta’s abduction by Rawana) and the psychic aftermath of this juxtaposition which consequently shatters the essentials of Ramayana, the myth. The theoretical support will be sought from the concepts including Julia Kristeva’s concept of “intertextuality”, Harold Bloom’s concept of “poetic misprision” and C.G. Jung’s idea of “archetypes and the collective unconscious” to imply, through a detailed textual analysis, that these myths seem to fail to explain the circumstances and the psychical implications of similar events and situations in contemporary times (for the writer), for instance, the post-partition times of stress depicted in Lajwanti.

Magical and Mystical Aspects in Nepali Manuscript Illuminations

Nepali Manuscript illuminations are traditional miniature paintings found in religious manuscripts, including Prajnaparamita, Pancaraksa, Shivadharma, Visnudharma, and Devimahatmya. The religious manuscripts narrate mythical events in verbal texts and illustrate mythical characters and their actions simultaneously. The forms, figures and activities of the characters are symbolic, magical and mystical. The paintings present divine and supernatural characters in their spectacular feats of real life. The artworks represent the characters and events of Hindu and Buddhist myths. Despite the presence of magical and mystical elements, the visual narratives teach moral lessons to the real people of the real world. The symbols signify something else beyond the represented visuals. The miniature paintings motivate the readers and viewers for reading and learning by telling interesting stories. Presentation of strange and unusual characters and events renews viewers' perception providing delight while suggesting ethical values of the society. The presentation through magical and mystical characters and actions conveys moral lessons aesthetic manner. This article traces the magical and mystical features of Nepali manuscript illuminations and attempts to throw light on their significances.

Exalter le souverain à travers le texte et l’image : l’exemple des Carolingiens, et sa longue postérité

It is based on ancient Roman models that the exaltation of the Carolingian sovereign develops, first under Charlemagne (cf. his Vita by Eginhard, and his tomb in Aix) and then especially under Charles the Bald (cf. several religious manuscripts in which the image of the king, mediator between God and the Christian people, is now introduced). Under the latter, moreover, the iconography of the ivory throne probably offered to the pope in 875 suggests a supremacy of the Carolingian monarch over the pontiff himself. This claim, again accompanied by the reference to the Caesars of Antiquity, was later to be taken up by other prestigious sovereigns (in particular Frederick II Hohenstaufen then, in France, Louis XIV and Napoleon Bonaparte).

Kajian Naskah Kitab Qawa’id al-‘Aqaid Wa Huwa Tsaaniy Min Kitab Ihya Ulumuddin Milik Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II

Abstract
 
 The development of Palembang as a Malay Islamic civilized city that advanced in the early 19th century AD, one of which is drawn from the attention of the Sultan of Palembang to religious texts In this paper examines the description of the manuscript of the Kitab of Qowaidil Aqoid Ma Huwa Tsaniy min Kitab Ihya Ulumuddin owned by Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II. The method of philology research uses a single edition model, using the workings of the diplomatic edition. This manuscript's writing in Arabic is included in Ilmu Kalam, which needs a particular explanation from Ulama Ilmu Kalam. The illumination of the manuscript appears simple, using European paper. From colophon, we can see the amount of attention and appreciation of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II to Palembang Sultanate collection's religious manuscripts.

THE FATWA OF SMOKING IN THE KERINCI MANUSCRIPTS

This paper discusses the fatwa of smoking contained in one of the Kerinci manuscripts written around the end of the 19th century AD. This kind of research is important to do because of the lack of research exploring religious manuscripts in the Kerinci area. This research was conducted using a qualitative research model that focuses on the domain of text and context. This study also uses a codicological approach to determine various aspects of the manuscript, such as material, age, place of writing, and estimates of script writing. In addition, a historical approach is also used to see the Kerinci context at that time. The data collection process was carried out by reviewing the available literature and also conducting an interview process to determine the background of the author, the age of the manuscript and the origin of the manuscript. The results of this study indicate that the manuscript containing the fatwa of smoking or smoking tobacco was written around the end of the 19th century AD. This is consistent with the indications of the calendar contained therein. The manuscript summarizes the prohibition of smoking based on the various arguments found in the Qur'an, Hadith, and the opinions of the scholars. Meanwhile, the motivation for prohibiting smoking contained in the manuscript is more likely to be influenced by religious factors, given the strong and rooted religious doctrine of the Kerinci community at that time compared to political, economic, and so on.

Język i transmisja kulturowa w tatarskich kitabach. Stan badań

The article discusses the kitab studies covering the physical and cultural legacy of the Tatars of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania (today: Polish, Belarusian and Lithuanian Tatars). Religious manuscripts, including kitabs, are a part of Tatars’ cultural legacy, hence the article presents these writings and the areas of research on kitabs that cover: a) cataloguing the manuscripts; b) monographic studies providing their philological analysis; c) discussion of their content, with attention to Muslim and Christian traditions; d) textual analysis of these old texts; e) editorial preparations.

RELIGION AND POLITICS IN AFRICA: THREE STUDIES ON NIGERIA

Until the second half of the twentieth century, the role of religion in Africa was profoundly neglected. There were no university centers devoted to the study of religion in Africa; there was only a handful of scholars who focused primarily on religious studies and most of them were not historians; and there were relatively few serious empirical studies on Christianity, Islam, and African traditional religions. This paucity of rigorous research began to be remedied in the 1960s and by the last decade of the twentieth century, the body of literature on religion in Africa had expanded significantly. The burgeoning research and serious coverage of the role of religion in African societies has initially drawn great impetus from university centers located in the West and in various parts of Africa that were committed to demonstrating that Africa has a rich history even before European contact. Accordingly scholars associated with such university centers have since the 1960s acquired and systematically catalogued private religious manuscripts and written numerous pan-African, regional, national, and local studies on diverse topics including spirit mediumship, witchcraft, African systems of thought, African evangelists and catechists, Mahdism, Pentecostalism, slavery, conversion, African religious diasporas and their impact on host societies, and religion and politics. Although the three works under review here deal with the role of religion in an African context, they mainly contribute to addressing three major questions in the study of religion and politics: How do Islam and other religious orientations shape public support for democracy? What is the primary cause of conflict or religious violence? What strategies should be employed to resolve such conflicts and violence?

VISUALISASI DOA JALAN SALIB MENGADOPSI GAYA WAYANG BEBER DENGAN TEKNIK SENI GRAFIS CUKIL KAYU

Research covered titled visualize prayer road crosses by adopting the Wayang Beber style used a woodcut technique of the printmaking is the artistic research (the creation of art) that is carried out based on the art of printing graphic especially a woodcut which is initially be used as a tool to increase religious manuscripts , book illustrations , and then used as propaganda media can be printed because she is the presence of many unique visual and character .Pengkarya use uniqueness in the graphic arts this as an element that reinforce the value estetik and artistic work in visual. This research which was conducted with us is to conduct a study on the degree to which the prayers of devotion road crosses was influential on the strengthening of the value of the true faith admit this catholics in general. The study on Wayang Beber show some years previously had broken also needs to be undertaken of the aspect of visual and if they used these tools as a means of second to disseminate the rudimentary and elemental teachings religious and the good aspects it has done. Through a process go brainstorm and the review of visual artworks in with the theme of or illustration the story of poor reduced to such misery in its course the cross of Jesus Christ was one of those which is borne by their stations of a place of rest the way of a cross in religious place then enacted into a the theme of the creation of the aertwork. The hope is by the creation of the work of the printmaking is due to the activities to give alternarif new in the perspective of all the participants to pray visualization road crosses as well as as a medium for the congregation of the Catholics to are more likely to set on other concerns the road crosses and make him of the love of the faithful for accordance with what god has cope with life.

Challenges in Proofing of the Cyrillic MCVRO Resources – Equability between the Technical Component and the Role of the Researcher

The OCR process is a complex one and with interdisciplinary implications. This paper deals with old historical religious manuscripts and old books to offer solutions for the digitalization process. A high rate of success in the OCR process will help researchers from various fields to use relevant content and to value it in their research. When a research in the field of theology or history is conducted, there are many issues, especially when trying to access old manuscripts. There is no digitalized content to access old Romanian manuscripts and researchers need to learn specific old writing. The focus of the present study is on the problematic technical aspects that we encountered in our attempt to establish the equilibrium ratio between the instruments for the capitalization of the information and the contribution of the specialists in such research studies.

Manuskrip Keagamaan di Masjid Popongan: Kajian Kodikologi dan Pemetaan Isi

This article examines religious manuscripts stored in the Popongan mosque, Klaten, Central Java. As a preliminary study, this article describes the physical aspects of the manuscript as well as mapping the topics contained. The approach used is philology and historical perspective that is in it. As a manuscript born in a pesantren community, the Popongan manuscript reflects the struggle of students and scholars in the process of learning and transmission of Islamic scholarship in the late 19th century. Through the Popongan manuscripts we can see the diversity of the fields of study studied by the students and their learning methods. In this case, pesantren has taken an important role in the practice of Islamic learning and at the same time as an important subject in the history of islamization in Indonesia

Tybetańskie manuskrypty tradycji bön w Nepalu na przykładzie kolekcji z jaskiń Mardzong w Górnym Mustangu

Bön religious manuscripts were not traditionally seen as artefacts characterized by a distinguished form and technology. As a result, the numerous manuscripts of the Bön religion have not been clearly identified as a separate corpus so far, they have not been subjected to codicological and material research, despite their importance for the study of history and religions of Central Asia. Considering these perspectives, this article presents the current state of knowledge and the results of preliminary research on Bön manuscripts in Nepal. The main focus of this research is the collection of Mardzong manuscripts preserved in the Chöde Monastery in Lo Monthang in Mustang (Nepal).

Ragam Qira‘at Mushaf Alquran di Cirebon (Studi atas Mushaf Keraton Kacirebonan)

Islam recognizes the name of qira‘at seven of the seven qira‘at priests who are still practiced and made daily reading only four imams ie. Nafi ', Abu ’Amr, Ibn 'Amir, and ’Asim. Not all of these imams were routinely recited by Muslims. Muslims in Indonesia generally only recognize one qira'at . Hafs from 'Asim. This is at least evident from some of the printed Qur'an that predominantly use the Hafs from 'Asim. From several literatures, there are thousands of religious manuscripts in Indonesia. In Cirebon there are several scientific manuscripts in several palaces residing in Cirebon area. In Kacirebonan palace there are 50 more manuscripts, three of which are ancient Qur'anic manuscripts. Based on the existing reality, this paper will explore the study of the text of the mushaf, especially in his studies of qira‘at . From that background then the question arises. 1. How to write Mushaf Alquran in Kacirebonan palace. 2. How is the variety of qira‘at contained in the mushaf.

« Ce livre cy est a tres haulte, tres excellante et puissante princesse ». Les manuscrits de Marguerite d’York (1446-1503), duchesse de Bourgogne : un mécénat politique

Margaret of York’s library is now well known, thanks to several studies that have renewed history of women’s patronage concerning religious manuscripts as well as active workshops (and their copyists and illuminators) nearby princely courts. Duchess of Burgundy in uncertain times, Margaret of York does not only take over the role of her predecessors about manuscripts. She indeed makes them (and their production, their donation or their receiving) a tool for political practices hitherto used by the dukes rather than the duchesses. This article thus examines the process of politicization of the women’s patronage in the 1470s’ as an attempt for Margaret of York to meet the challenge of both Fortuna and the eschatological context establishing an unprecedented pressure on the House of Burgundy. More widely, the manuscript policy makes Margaret of York an intermediary between the Middle Ages’ Duchesses and the Early Modern period’s governesses.

Kashf al-Gharā’ib: Terjemahan atas Kitab Munfarijah Karya Imām Muḥaqqiq Abī Yaḥyā Zayn al-Dīn Zakarīyā

An effort to preserve and utilize manuscripts in this archipelago, especially religious manuscripts, is very important due to, at least, two reasons. Firstly, there has been abundant important information pertinent to religious phenomena in the manuscripts. Secondly, physical condition of the manuscripts has been increasingly fragile. Following the process of choosing the manuscript, the author has selected one of the manuscripts preserved in the State Museum of North Sumatra. This study employs the theory of philology, literature and history in analyzing the manuscript. Analyses are focused on the language used, the cultural background of the manuscript, and the social history of the region where it has been written. The findings of this study tell us that the manuscript, named Kashf al-Gharā’ib, is a classical Islamic manuscript which still has been well preserved at the State Museum of North Sumatra. It contains the scientific information of fiqh (Islamic law), especially discussing about the way of worshipping the God. The manuscript also consists of religious poems and problems of adab (ethics). Of the three topics discussed in this manuscript, I give considerable attention on worship and ethical issues.