Religious Behavior Research Articles

Are Religious Machines Possible? Embodied Cognition, AI, and Religious Behavior

This article explores the potential emergence of religious behavior in artificial intelligence (AI) through the lens of embodied cognition, which asserts that cognitive functions are deeply intertwined with bodily experiences. It examines the convergence of AI, soft robotics, and religious cognitive behaviors and suggests that AI, once it attains human-level intelligence and self-awareness, might exhibit religious behaviors as a cognitive strategy to confront and transcend finitude. Drawing on neuroscientific, philosophical, and religious discussions, with particular reference to the works of Kingson Man, Antonio Damasio, Uffe Schjødt, and William Sims Bainbridge, this article investigates how religious behaviors could arise in AI equipped with a vulnerable artificial body inclined towards homeostasis and self-preservation. The outcomes of this exploration extend beyond theoretical debates, as they provide insights into the physicalist understanding of consciousness and the naturalistic study of religious behaviors while also considering some technological constraints in the context of AI advancements.

Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang Tua terhadap Perilaku Keagamaan Siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 43 Sungai Sapiah Kota Padang

This research aims to determine the influence of parenting patterns on the religious behavior of class V students at SD N 43 Sungai Sapiah whose address is Jl. Air Paku, Kel. Sapiah River, RT.02/ RW.06, Kec. Kuranji, Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The research method used is a quantitative approach research method. The population in this study were fifth grade students at SD N 43 Sungai Sapiah. The research sampling technique used the Slovin formula. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is the Pearson product moment correlation formula. The research results show that the calculated t value of variable X is 4.872 and the t table value obtained is 2.303 (4.872 > 2.303) and the significance value of variables And from the F test, the calculated F value of variable So it is concluded that partially or simultaneously there is a significant influence between parental parenting patterns and the religious behavior of class V students at SD N 43 Sungai Sapiah.

Intrinsic Motivations and Religiosity of Christian Conference Attendees

Through the lens of social identity theory, this study aims to identify which motivations are pertinent for Christian conference attendance. It also aims to determine what constitutes religiosity for attendees and if Christian conference attendance is dependent on attendees’ religiosity, demographics, and/or ministry role. Based on survey responses (N = 209) collected at four Australian Christian conferences that were analyzed using correlation analysis, it was concluded that although motivations are largely correlated, spiritual encouragement and congregating with like-minded people are the dominant motivations for attendance. Religiosity comprised beliefs, emotions, and behavior. Chisquare analysis determined that attendees are of different ages, education, and ministry roles, and analysis‐of‐variance identified respondents that exhibited high religiosity are differentiated on their demographics. Binary regression identified that Christian conference motivation was largely dependent on attendees??? religious behavior. To further satisfy attendees, it is recommended that Christian conference organizers promote the need for togetherness and spiritual encouragement.

Curriculum Management of Local Content in Fostering Religious Behavior: A Study at Madrasah Aliyah

This study investigates the management of local content curriculum in shaping religious behavior at MA Raden Paku Wringinanom. Specifically, the research addresses three key questions: (1) How is the local content curriculum planned to foster religious behavior at MA Raden Paku Wringinanom? (2) How is the local content curriculum implemented to shape religious behavior at MA Raden Paku Wringinanom? (3) What are the outcomes of the local content curriculum in fostering religious behavior at MA Raden Paku Wringinanom? The objectives of this study are to: (1) examine the planning of the local content curriculum, (2) explore the implementation process, and (3) analyze the outcomes in shaping religious behavior at MA Raden Paku Wringinanom. This research employs a qualitative method with descriptive analysis, utilizing an interactive model. The data analysis involves stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. After collecting and categorizing the data, the researcher provides an in-depth description before concluding the findings based on available sources. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The planning of the local content curriculum involves adherence to the School Work Plan (RKT) and the Madrasah Work Plan and Budget (RKAM) to define local content programs, select subjects, assign teachers, and determine learning resources and funding. (2) The implementation phase includes syllabus review, lesson plan (RPP) development, and assessment. (3) The outcomes of the local content curriculum include program-specific local content initiatives and the evaluation of student learning outcomes.

Caregiver burden, religious coping, and spiritual well-being among caregivers of elderly stroke patients and predictors affecting spiritual well-being.

Stroke is a disease that affects the arteries leading to and within the brain. Stroke usually creates a range of disabilities such as physical deficits and difficulty in performing daily activities. These long-term needs and the continuous caregiving sequence affect the care burden and spiritual well-being of caregivers. The correlational study population consisted of caregivers of stroke older patients (N = 100). Burden Interview Scale, Spiritual Well-Being Scale and Religious Coping Scale were used. Descriptive analyses, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation, regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. The mean age of caregivers was 48.38 ± 13.52 years. The score of Burden Interview Scale was 31.41 ± 15.13 (light/moderate), Negative Religious Coping was 7.39 ± 3.17 (moderate), Positive Religious Coping was 24.30 ± 4.34 (high), and Spiritual Well-Being was 21.65 ± 6.73 (low). There is a significant relationship between Burden Interview and Negative Religious Coping (r = 0.274; P = 0.006), Burden Interview and spiritual well-being (r = -0.563; P = 0.000), and spiritual well-being and positive religious coping (r = 0.228; P = 0.026). The predictors that affect the spiritual well-being of caregivers were found to be Burden Interview (β = -0.571) and Positive Religious Coping (β = 0.181) (P < 0.05). Nurses play an important role in increasing the spiritual well-being levels and religious coping behaviours of caregivers. Nurses should communicate empathically with caregivers, understand their feelings, and provide emotional support.

Contributing to Public Deliberation by Religious Behavior: Beyond the Inclusivism–Exclusivism Debate

Recently, political philosophers have debated the role of religious reasons in public deliberations, such as appealing to religious convictions and religious classics. Exclusivists, such as Rawls, Quong, Hartley, and Watson, argue that democratic governments and citizens should restrict or exclude the use of religious reasons in making laws and policies, while inclusivists, such as Gaus, Vallier, and Billingham, oppose such categorical exclusion. Nevertheless, the debate mainly focuses on the role of religious reasons in public deliberation. In this paper, I will argue that religious behaviors—defined as highly altruistic actions motivated by religious beliefs, such as dedicating substantial time and effort to serving the poor and advancing the common good—can exert positive influences on public deliberation. Through this kind of altruistic action, religious believers can subtly influence non-religious citizens. While religious believers may not rationally persuade non-religious citizens through religious reasoning, the altruistic actions exhibited by religious believers could emotionally inspire admiration and motivate non-religious citizens to learn more about those religions. This enhances mutual understanding among different religious and secular sects and thus improves public deliberation. Furthermore, I argue that the improved understanding fostered by religious behaviors can facilitate exclusivism and inclusivism to overcome certain philosophical challenges, such as the problems of incompleteness and anarchy, which are among the most frequent criticisms directed at exclusivism and inclusivism. Hence, this paper highlights an aspect overlooked in the exclusivism–inclusivism debate: no matter whether the democratic government and citizens should permit or restrict religious reasons, religious behavior is still beneficial in public deliberation.

Religious Moderation and Transnational Islamic Ideology: Phenomena and Implications in Indonesia

This research analyzes Islamic transnational movements, especially the Salafi in South Sulawesi, their internalization, and implications for religious moderation. By applying qualitative methods and a phenomenological approach, this research was carried out in several key locations in South Sulawesi, namely in Makassar, Gowa, and Parepare, including Islamic boarding schools and several strategic mosques. The research reveal that the Salafi da'wah approach, which is effective and responsive to social dynamics, has gained a place in society. However, this puritanical approach faces challenges internalizing religious moderation, especially in interreligious tolerance and adaptation to local culture. Religious moderation offers a solution to create more inclusive and adaptive religious behavior, supporting harmony between religious communities in Indonesia.

Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Surrender to God Scale: Relationships with Religious Behavior, God Representation, Well-being, and Health.

Given that surrender to God has been associated with health and well-being in believers, research in this area would benefit from the availability of scales outside the United States, where thesewere first developed. To this end, we conducted two studies (N = 130 and N = 574) in Christian samples in the Netherlands to test the psychometric properties of a Dutch translation of the Surrender to God Scale (D-StGS). In addition, the abbreviated Religious Surrender Scale-2 was tested to examine whether the two-item scale would show validity and reliability, as this would benefit research in which there are time (and other) constraints on assessment. Both scales showed adequate to excellent internal consistency, convergent validity with religious coping and religious orientation, and predictive validity; specifically with (I) lower anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms and (II) higher scores on religious behavior and meaning in life. Likewise, both scales were related to (III) more positive, supportive, and ruling, and less passive, anxious, and angry God representations. However, explorative factor analysis of the D-StGS in the first study resulted in two factors (Imitation of God's will and Peace through God's will), which were confirmed with confirmatory factory analysis in the second study. It can be concluded that the D-StGS and abbreviated scale are useful for future research in Christian samples.

Comparison of Cultural Values in the Family, Case Study: in Indonesia and Cambodia

The unique culture of each region is realized through the instillation of cultural values ​​in the family, which shape the character and identity of each community. This process not only maintains traditions but also enriches life experiences and relationships between family members. The aim of this research is to find out what culture is like in the family environment for Indonesian society and Cambodian society. The method used in this research is qualitative using a literature-based approach. This research obtained results that with cultural development it is able to form a character that exists in a family, both children and parents. Indonesia and Cambodia are countries that are famous for their strong culture. Instilling cultural values ​​through parental advice to their children is an effective way to pass on traditions and principles of life, teach the importance of respecting culture, and shape children's character and identity so that they remain connected to the family's cultural roots. The meaning of the culture taught by parents at home to their children will be instilled and carried out every day. The culture that is used to form religious behavior is such as respecting other people's culture, respecting those who are older than us, dressing politely, parental activity plays a very important role in forming the cultural character of the family.

Dynamics of Moderation of Religious Islamic Organizations in Indonesia

The strengthening of intolerance and religious movements of various mass organisations after the 1998 reform in Indonesia caused social friction. The Ministry of Religious offers religious moderation as an essential aspect of the plurality of spiritual life. What is the concept and practice of religious moderation for each mass organisation? This research is qualitatively descriptive, with a sociological approach to religion. The concept of religious moderation of mass organisastions is different; they claim to understand the principle of wasathiyyah so that it becomes a view of life that accepts religious differences outside themselves. Religious moderation is in the form of religious views, attitudes, and behaviours that balance the interests of life, the world and the hereafter, personal with the public, and others. There are four indicators of religious moderation: nationalism, tolerance, non-violence, and local cultural accommodation. MTA understands religious moderation based on two principles: not being self-righteous, and do not blame other groups; FPI departs from its vision, religious moderation over the spirit of ‘amar ma’ruf nahi munkar; LUIS sees religious moderation based on the principles of Islam as a religion of rahmatan lil’alamin, the implications for the balance of the relationship between habl min Allah; habl min an-nass and habl min al-’alam; and MMI understands religious moderation based on three aspects: Islam is a religion that is syumul and rahmatan li’alamin; religious moderation related to sharia enforcement; and religious moderation means that fulfillment of maqashid asy-syariah includes ushul al-khamsah: hifdz al-din, hifdz an-nafs, hifdz al-mal, hifdz al-’aql, and hifdz an-nasb.

Organizational Performance Improvement Model Based on Talent Management Through Religiosity Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Purpose: This research aims to determine the influence of talent management on organizational performance; the influence of religiosity organizational citizenship behavior as a mediator on organizational performance; the influence of digital literacy as a mediator on organizational performance; the influence of talent management, digital literacy and religiosity organizational citizenship behavior simultaneously on employee performance and employee performance. organization, and designing a model for improving organizational performance through digital literacy and religiosity organizational citizenship behavior as mediators Theoretical Framework: Drawing from the practice-based view theory, this research focuses on several constructs and relationships between talent management, digital literacy and organizational citizenship behavior in ASNs in government agencies which have not yet been widely studied. This research is an effort to develop a model for improving organizational performance through talent management and ASN digital literacy and also combines aspects of organizational citizenship behavior which are based on religious values, which are still rarely used by previous researchers. The research method used is an explanatory survey approach to explain the relationship between variables through hypothesis testing in the field. Research that uses descriptive surveys and explanatory survey methods is carried out by collecting information from samples directly at the scene of the incident (empirical) through questionnaires with the aim of finding out the opinions of the samples regarding the research problem. And this research uses the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling analysis technique (PLS-SEM), to model many variables in research Results and Discussion: To examine the influence of mediator variables, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling analysis technique (PLS-SEM),to estimate the causal relationship between variables (causal model) that has been determined previously based on the theory. Answering research questions requires correct statistical data processing. The results of this research will be more powerful if adequate statistical data processing is used. Scientifically based research shows that findings can be evaluated and proven, and if other researchers used the same procedures, the results would almost certainly be the same. As a result, researchers chose statistical data processing techniques to use in these calculations. The result of research. Based on the results of research regarding "Model for Improving Organizational Performance Based on Talent Management Through Religious Organizational Citizen Behavior", the following results were obtained: Overview of talent management, religiosity organizational citizenship behavior, digital literacy, employee performance and organizational performance in Regency/City Government Agencies throughout West Java Province are in the high/good category, which means they are running in accordance with agency procedures. Talent management has a significant positive effect on organizational performance in Regency/City Government Agencies throughout West Java Province. This is based on the results of direct effect hypothesis testing, the t-statistics results obtained were 2.482 and the significance results (pvalue) obtained were 0.007 (0.007&lt;0.05), so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Religious organizational citizenship behavior is unable to mediate the influence of talent management on employee performance. This is based on the results of testing the indirect effect hypothesis, obtaining a significance result (pvalue) of 0.053 (0.053&gt;0.05). Meanwhile, digital literacy is able to mediate the influence of Talent Management on Employee Performance. This is based on the results of testing the indirect effect hypothesis, obtained a significance result (pvalue) of 0.000 (0.000&lt;0.05). Digital literacy, religiosity organizational citizenship behavior and employee performance are able to mediate the influence of talent management on organizational performance. This is based on the results of testing the indirect effect hypothesis, obtained a significance result (pvalue) &lt;0.05. There is an increase in organizational performance through digital literacy and religiosity organizational citizenship behavior in talent management. Implications: The research results show that religiosity organizational citizenship behavior, digital literacy and employee performance are variables that can mediate the influence of talent management on organizational performance in Regency/City Government Agencies throughout West Java Province.

The Appropriation of Religiousity in the 2024 Indonesian Presidential

Religious appropriation is a phenomenon that is continually reproduced in every electoral contestation. However, this context has not been discussed comprehensively in previous studies. In addition to responding to the shortcomings of previous studies, this study also focuses on explaining the characteristics, factors, and latent dangers of religious appropriation that occured in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election. This study reveals three important findings regarding the religious appropriation in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election. First, religious appropriation frequently manifests in the context of doctrine, language, and religious behaviors expressed outside the values and norms of religion. Second, cultural, spiritual, and structural factors have dominantly influenced the occurance of religious appropriation in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election. Third, the latent dangers of religious appropriation in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election often leads to intolerance, polarization, and persecution against religious communities even after the 2024 Indonesian presidential election. This study also recommends the importance of further studies that explain the attitudes of both formal and informal authorities in responding to religious appropriation in political contestation by conducting intensive interviews.

Religious Coping Styles Used by Young Black Women Who Experience DatingViolence.

Young Black women experience higher rates of dating violence victimization compared to their White peers. Religion is a cornerstone of African American culture, suggesting that Black women may use religious coping after experiencing trauma like dating violence. However, research has not explored the patterns of religious coping following dating violence experiences. The current study analyzed survey data from 481 young Black women aged 18-19 years on their religious coping behaviors, acceptance of violence beliefs, and dating violence victimization experiences. Results showed that victimization was positively associated with negative religious coping. Findings indicate that one way young Black women cope with dating violence victimization is through feelings of spiritual discontent, and they may see their victimization as a punishment from God.

Kritik Sosial dalam Lirik Lagu Album Akibat Pergaulan Blues Karya Musisi Jason Ranti

Jason Ranti, in the lyrics of his album entitled The Effects of Blues Association, conveys a lot of criticism and satire on social problems which are considered problems by society depending on the social value system of that society, however there are the same problems faced by society in general, for example the problem of poverty and crime. , family disorganization, the younger generation in modern society, war, violations of societal norms, population, the environment, and bureaucracy. This type of research is qualitative. According to Semi (1993:23), qualitative research is carried out without prioritizing numbers, but prioritizing the depth of appreciation of the interactions between concepts that are being studied empirically. This research using qualitative methods cannot be measured, because its nature emphasizes socially constructed reality. Data from the results of this research found social criticism in the song lyrics in Jason Ranti's album Akun Pergaulan Blues as many as 24 data in the form of several fragments of song lyrics which include 3 types of social criticism, namely (1) social criticism about violations of societal norms (2) social criticism about religious behavior and beliefs (3) social criticism about politics and bureaucracy. It can be concluded that the social criticism contained in the lyrics of the song Album "Results of Promiscuity" by Jason Ranti is social criticism of violations of societal norms, social criticism of religious behavior and beliefs, and social criticism of politics and bureaucracy.

Religious freedom and welfare in Africa

AbstractObjectiveRegions with multi‐ethnicity like Africa benefit from religiosity and freedom for improved mental and physical well‐being. Although religious freedom in its original sense advocates for peace, there are questions about whether it results in making healthy decisions that are beneficial to one's well‐being. This argument is made in light of the crimes carried out globally in the name of religious freedom, even though it is considered to be wrongly expressed if the expression does not improve well‐being. As a symbol of democracy, religious freedom is expected to boost sentiments of personal authenticity and belonging, and enhance support networks. This study explores the impact of freedom of religion on basic welfare in 49 African countries from 2000 to 2020.MethodologyTo control for potential endogeneity, the authors adopted the smoothed instrumental‐variables quantile regression strategy. The outcome variable of basic welfare is measured using an index that includes life expectancy, literacy rate, and calorie supply while religious freedom is proxied on a 4‐point scale that indicates the extent to which individuals could freely express their religious beliefs.ResultsThe findings reveal a statistically significant positive impact of freedom of religion on basic welfare in Africa. It manifests itself in protecting the rights of individuals, especially the most vulnerable, and promotes social belonging and cohesion. In addition, the results reveal that freedom of religion enhances basic welfare in both former British and French African colonies when the differences in the legal systems are considered.ConclusionsThe study's findings support the religious freedom‐welfare enhancing relationship and are consistent after considering life expectancy and literacy rate as indicators of basic welfare. Policymakers are encouraged to promote democracy and healthy religious behaviors that enhance basic well‐being.

Pengaruh Moderasi Beragama Terhadap Prilaku Keagamaan Generasi Z

The role of religious moderation is very important in the school environment, because school is the place where students spend most of their time and receive a lot of influence from peers and teachers. In a multicultural environment such as at SMP Negeri 04 Kualuh Hulu, religious moderation can help students develop mutual respect and understanding of existing differences. This research aims to explore the influence of religious moderation on the religious behavior of generation Z at SMP Negeri 04 Kualuh Hulu. The research method used is field research with a descriptive qualitative approach. The analysis technique applied is Descriptive Analysis which provides a complete and orderly picture of the research object. Data was collected through observation and interviews with primary data sources in the form of three teachers and three students, as well as secondary data from previous studies. The research results show that students' understanding of religious moderation at SMP Negeri 04 Kualuh Hulu is quite diverse. Some students understand and apply the concept of religious moderation well, while others still show extreme or apathetic tendencies. The implementation of religious moderation in this school helps some students develop attitudes of tolerance and mutual respect, but there are still challenges in implementing it as a whole. Family environmental factors and the influence of social media also influence students' understanding and behavior regarding religious moderation. Therefore, further efforts and collaboration between schools and parents are needed to increase understanding and implementation of religious moderation among students.

Islamic Religious Review of Religious Politicization Behavior

Islamic Religious Review of Religious Politicization Behavior

Pathfinding and Connections in the Life of Small Reformed Communities in Budapest. The Contexts of the 1967 YMCA Trial

In July 1967, the communist political police arrested five members of Keresztyén Ifjúsági Egyesület (the Hungarian equivalent of the YMCA), which had been dissolved in 1950, on charges of conspiracy against the state. Among those arrested were pastors, elders, and a former deacon. The trial is considered to be the last politically motivated trial against the Reformed Church and the most significant of all state security actions against the Reformed in Hungary. In order to understand the background of the trial and the changing considerations of church policy and state security surrounding it, it is necessary to look at how the image and political approach of the decisive actors of church policy had evolved by the 1960s. On the other hand, the documents produced by the party-state can be examined not only from the perspective of power but also from that of communities in action: what were the individual and collective strategies for active Christianity in the first decades of the Kádár regime? What were the individual and collective aspirations, adaptation techniques, and patterns of value transmission that can be discerned among different groups, congregations, youth communities, and their leaders in Reformed Christianity? Which forms of church or religious behaviours were considered dangerous by the party-state, and how did it set forth for the church policy enforcement bodies the activities it considered to be within the category of church or religious resistance and opposition? Keywords: communist church policy, Hungarian Reformed Church, political trial, religious resistance, YMCA

Model of Madrasah Al-Qur'an in Correctional Institution (Case Study of Class IIA Correctional Institution Yogyakarta)

This study aims to determine the implementation, implications, supporting and inhibiting factors, and the Madrasah al-Qur'an Al Fajar model in Class IIA Correctional Institution Yogyakarta. This research is a field research using qualitative methods and phenomenological approaches. Data collection techniques are done through interviews, observations, and documentation, while data analysis uses Mautakas' phenomenological theory. The study results show that the implementation of Madrasah Al-Qur'an Al Fajar is driven by three agencies, namely the Class IIA Yogyakarta Prison, the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Yogyakarta, and BAZNAS DIY. Activities are implemented on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Saturday with learning methods that include lectures, sorogan, bandongan, questions and answers, demonstrations, practices, examples, and habituation. The model of Madrasah Al-Qur'an Al Fajar is a madrasah that is managed in a modern and synergistic manner so that it can change the religious behavior of students for the better than before. The implementation of this Madrasah Al-Qur'an implies that students become diligent in reading the Qur'an, be tawadu', be polite and friendly, respect each other, be orderly in worship, be able to become khatib, imam, teaching assistant, and make speeches, with increased awareness and peace of mind. Factors supporting the success of this Madrasah include funds, Ustaz, management, "Santri Ustaz," warrior mentality, volunteers, infrastructure, and community support. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are new residents, the rolling system, the "little king," limited human resources (HR), recidivist students, and syndicates.

Religious rebound, political backlash, and the youngest cohort: understanding religious change in Turkey

Abstract We distinguish two streams of theory that dominate explanations of religious change: cohort-based cumulative decline theory, which emphasizes small and ongoing declines in individual religiosity accruing across generations; and political backlash theory, which emphasizes period- and identity-based changes due to the politicized meaning of religion. Notably, Muslim countries have largely been excluded from a recent wave of quantitative research on individual-level religious change, implicitly continuing an assumption that Islamic societies require different theoretical concepts. We deploy both theories to examine religious identity and behavior over multiple decades in Turkey, a Muslim-majority country with recent social conflict over religion. Utilizing age-period-cohort interaction models, our results suggest minimal evidence for a cohort-based process in Turkey, in contrast to that observed in Western countries. Rather, a political transformation—the politicization of religion through the rise of Turkey’s AKP (Justice and Development Party) and President Erdogan—is most salient to Turkish religious change. We introduce two concepts to backlash theory—identity updating and performance signaling—to show how different dimensions of individual religiosity respond to different politicized contexts. These findings extend our understanding of religious change beyond the Western context, with further implications for theorizing political backlash and cohort-based processes.