Relief Committee Research Articles

Effectiveness of Parental Behavioral Training on Distress Tolerance, Family Cohesion, and Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy in Mothers of Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms

Objective: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is one of the behavioral disorders classified under destructive and harmful behavior disorders. Children with this disorder tend to destroy objects around them and defy the commands of parents and school authorities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of parental behavioral training on distress tolerance, family cohesion, and maternal parenting self-efficacy in mothers of children with symptoms of ODD. Methods and Materials: This study employed an experimental method. It was designed as a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, p1-10ost-test, follow-up, and control groups. The population of this study included all mothers of children with symptoms of ODD under the coverage of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Sari city during the academic year 2021-2022. Thirty individuals were selected through purposive sampling from among mothers of children with ODD and divided into two groups of 15 (one experimental and one control group). The experimental group received parenting training based on Choice Theory in eight 90-minute sessions, while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Measurement tools included the Distress Tolerance Scale by Simons and Gaher (2005), the Family Cohesion Scale by Olson (1999), and the Parenting Self-Efficacy Questionnaire by Dumka. Descriptive statistics (such as frequency tables, mean indexes, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc test) were used for data analysis, with SPSS-22 software facilitating the analysis process. Findings: The F-value of univariate analysis of covariance for the distress tolerance variable in the post-test (F=59.57, P=0.001) and follow-up (F=57.85, P=0.001), family cohesion in the post-test (F=45.52, P=0.001) and follow-up (F=47.13, P=0.001), and finally for the parenting self-efficacy variable in the post-test (F=39.48, P=0.001) and follow-up (F=41.14, P=0.001) were significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that parental behavioral training is effective in improving distress tolerance, family cohesion, and maternal parenting self-efficacy in mothers of children with symptoms of ODD.

Enhancing morality through charity accounting during the Swedish famine of 1867–1869

The objective of this article is to describe instances of charity accounting relating to a natural disaster in Sweden and to analyse the relationship between charity accounting and dimensions of moral conception prevailing in Sweden in the second half of the nineteenth century. Drawing on accounts of the Stockholm Relief Committee for Norrland, a temporary charity organisation established during the Swedish Famine of 1867–1869, the study shows that moral conceptions affected not only the distribution of relief but also what was accounted for. There are also indications that accounting was used to enhance the morality of the propertied class to act in the interest of those in need. In this way, the broader social implications of accounting history are considered, and previous conceptions of accounting as a one-sided technology exclusively favouring propertied interests and enhancing the morality of the poor are challenged.

Missionaries as Humanitarian Mediators after the 1860 troubles in Lebanon

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to examine how the 1860 Crisis in Mount Lebanon and Damascus crisis shaped discourses and practices of humanitarianism among the missions and affected their relations with both local and foreign state actors. Catholic missionaries were witnesses and victims but also in the long run beneficiaries of the events of 1860. They were themselves involved in the distribution of the aid through their participation to the relief committees. As victims they also received relief from the French government, the Œuvre des Ecoles d’Orient and the Ottoman Empire. Their action during this period strengthened their links with diplomatic agents and with the French government, as well as it reinforced the position of the clergy of the Oriental Catholic churches.

Роль Ованеса Туманяна в деятельности Комитета помощи Армении (1921–1923)

The purpose of the article is to fill one of the relatively little-studied pages of the scientific biography of the great Armenian poet Hovhannes Tumanyan and his national-patriotic and social activities. The task of the article is to show the Hovh. Tumanyan’s role in the activities of the Armenian Relief Committee. Armenian historiographic science distinguishes three periods of the Committee’s activity: 1921–1923, 1923–1931, 1931–1937). However, Tumanyan’s role in the implementation of program tasks and in the formation of the Committee in the first period of its activity has not been studied either in historiography or in literary criticism. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of the Hovh. Tumanyan’s activities as chairman of the Armenian Relief Committee. The presentation of historical events in the article, accompanied by scientific comments, argues the importance of studying this “white page” of Armenian reality, its topicality and its relevance to today. The article discusses Tumanyan’s efforts to establish relationships between the newly created Soviet Armenia and foreign Armenian diasporas, to form a positive attitude towards the new social formation that won in Russia. The historical and narrative aspect in the article is presented in the context of the human character and psychological portrait of Hovh. Tumanyan.

The Effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy on Quality of Life and Emotional Regulation in Divorced Women in Zarrinshahr City

Aim: Today, considering the growing divorce and its consequences in society, it is important to examine it in different aspects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of narrative medical exposure on quality of life and emotional regulation of divorced women in zarrinshahr city (Iran).
 Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all divorced women of Zarrinshahr Relief Committee. A sample of 30 women under the Imam Khomeini Relief Organization was selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 subjects) and control (n = 15). Data were gathered in two stages: pre-test and post-test. World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Group of Experts of the World Health Organization (1996) and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Gross, et al., 2003) were used. The experimental group received 7 days of treatment and 90 minute treatment group (NET); while the control group received no intervention. The collected data were analyzed using univariate covariance (ANCOVA) and analyzed by SPSS-23 software.
 Findings: The results showed that after controlling the effects of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the post-test scores of the two groups in the dimensions of physical health (F = 369.965; P <0.001), mental health (F = 75.457; P <0.000), Social health (F = 52.905; P <0.003) and environmental health (F = 320.321; P <0.001) and dimensions of cognitive reassessment (F = 260.901; P <0.001) and subduction (1/359; F= P> 0.005).
 Conclusion: The results of this study show that oral exposure can be a suitable health plan for improving the quality of life and emotional problems of divorced women.

One year of the full-scale war in Ukraine and kidney replacement therapy: Where do we stand now? A brief report of the Ukrainian Renal Disaster Relief Committee of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists

The war in Ukraine is now entering its ninth year, and a year has passed since the russian army invaded Ukraine on a large scale. A few months ago, the Ukrainian Renal Disaster Relief Committee of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists was established and began its work to provide immediate support to kidney patients during the war. In this brief report, we present the first data collected on the number of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy, the possibility of enrolling new patients, and the availability of an autonomous electricity and water supply in all regions of Ukraine accessible for communication. In addition, we provide a brief analysis of the dynamics of the regional distribution of patients treated with kidney replacement therapy in the war year.

Living Humanitarian Dreams: The Oneiric and Spiritual Life and Activism of Elizabeth Wilson (1909–2000)

ABSTRACT This article examines the diaries, autobiographies and dream journals of Elizabeth Wilson (1909-2000), founder of Huddersfield Famine Relief Committee (Hudfam), long-term activist of CND and member of Oxfam. Taken together with her journalism for the local press and for Hudfam and Oxfam publications, her activism and writings cover the period between 1942 and 1999. Using the historiography and the sociology of emotions and dreams this article proposes to analyse afresh the spiritual grounding of localised humanitarian work and internationalism. By considering together her humanitarian work, her pacifist activism and her subsequent humanitarian work both at home and abroad this article can then engage with the manner in which dreamwork and dream analysis brought together the different strands of her activism rooted in spiritualism.

The Political Geography of International Advocacy

Abstract Through a study of the Indian Central Relief Committee for Tibetans and the American Emergency Committee for Tibetan Refugees, this article maps the multiple dimensions of Indian and American civil society advocacy on behalf of Tibet in the immediate aftermaths of the Dalai Lama’s 1959 flight to India: anticommunism, imperialism, discourses of religious freedom and civilizational solidarity, domestic politics, and regional security interests. These contexts did not operate separately, but rather formed layered interactions, layers that eventually bound Tibetan autonomy. While the Dalai Lama and other Tibetan nationalists worked across the geographic and political spectrum to generate international support as a matter of practicality and necessity, the complex web from which this support came, and through which it operated, functioned as constraints as well as backing. Advocacy from such a disparate set of national, personal, religious, and political interests came with limitations that defined Tibetans as communist victims, an oppressed religious minority, and a humanitarian commodity, but not as nationalist claimants.

Bridging gaps to universal palliative care access in Chile: serious health-related suffering and the cost of expanding the package of care services

The Lancet Commission on Palliative Care (PC) and Pain Relief quantified the burden of serious health-related suffering (SHS), proposing an Essential Package of PC (EPPC) to narrow the global PC divide. We applied the EPPC framework to analyze PC access in Chile, identify gaps in coverage, and provide recommendations to improve PC access. Total SHS and population in need of PC was estimated using official 2019 government data. We differentiated between cancer and non-cancer related SHS given guaranteed Chilean PC coverage for cancer. We calculated differences between the Chilean PC package and the Lancet Commission EPPC to estimate the cost of expanding to achieve national coverage of palliative care. In 2019, nearly 105,000 decedent and non-decedent Chileans experienced SHS with a lower-bound estimate of 12.1 million days and an upper-bound estimate of 42.4 million days of SHS. Each individual experienced between 116 and 520 days of SHS per year. People living with a cancer diagnosis had PC access with financial protection, accounting for almost 42% of patients in need. People with non-cancer diagnoses-about 61 thousand patients-lacked PC coverage. Expanding coverage of the EPPC for all patients in need would cost just above $123 million USD, equivalent to 0.47% of Chilean National Health Expenditure. Achieving universal PC access is urgent and feasible for Chile, classified as a high-income country. Expanding PC services and coverage to the EPPC standard are affordable and critical health system responses to ensuring financial protection for patients with SHS. In Chile, this requires closing large gaps in PC coverage pertaining to patients with non-cancer conditions and treatment of symptoms that go beyond pain. Our research provides an empirical approach for applying the Lancet Commission SHS framework to estimate the cost of achieving national universal PC access anchored in a package of health care services. This research was partially funded by the Chilean Government through the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Fondecyt Regular) grant number 1201721, the U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee grant AWD-003806 awarded to the University of Miami and by the University of Miami Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas. Weacknowledge NIH/NCI award P30CA008748.

Developing a model of attitude towards extramarital relationships based on attachment styles, emphasizing the mediating role of confrontational styles and marital intimacy

Aim: The purpose of this research was to develop a model of attitude towards extramarital relationships based on attachment styles, emphasizing the mediating role of confrontational styles and marital intimacy. Methods: The current research is a correlational and socio-statistical type, including all people with extramarital relationships or the attitude of ordinary people to refer to welfare, relief committee and counseling centers of Qom province in 2021. 320 people were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. The sample of the research is the attitude questionnaire towards extramarital relationships (Whatley, 2007), adult attachment styles (Collins & Reed, 1990), confrontational styles (Lazarus & Folkman, 1988) and marital intimacy questionnaire. (Walker & Thompson, 1983) were completed. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation test and the research model was analyzed by the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling technique and SPSS 27 and Smart PLS 3 statistical software. Results: The results of the path analysis test showed that the research model has a good fit. Examining the mediation results showed that confrontational styles have a significant mediating role in the relationship between secure style, avoidant style and ambivalent style with attitudes towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that the escape and avoidance strategy have a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style and avoidant style with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that positive reappraisal strategy has a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style and ambivalent style, as well as ambivalent with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). Also, the mediating role of marital intimacy variable in the relationship between safe, avoidant and ambivalent style was confirmed (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that confrontational styles and intimacy play a mediating role in relation to attachment styles and attitudes towards extramarital relationships.

Developing a model of attitude towards extramarital relationships based on attachment styles, emphasizing the role of the effects of confrontational styles

Background and Aim: In the last half of the last century, marriage has been influenced by many factors due to cultural changes, which have changed the committed relationships of people. Among these factors, we can mention extramarital relationships or infidelity. The purpose of this research was to develop a model of attitude towards extramarital relationships based on attachment styles, emphasizing the role of confrontational styles. Methods: The current research is of the correlation type and the statistical population includes all people with extramarital relationships or the attitude of ordinary people towards welfare, relief committee and counseling centers of Qom province in the year 2021. 320 people were selected as the sample of the study by sampling method. The sample of the research paper included attitudes towards extramarital relationships (Whatley, 2008), adult attachment styles (Collins & Read, 1990) and confrontational styles (Lazarus & Folkman, 1988). Results: The results of the path analysis test showed that the research model has a good fit. Examining the mediation results showed that coping styles have a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style, easy style and ambivalent style with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that escape strategy has a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style and avoidant style with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that the re-evaluation strategy has a significant mediating role in the relationship between secure style and ambivalent style, as well as ambivalent with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). Conclusion: Coping styles play a mediating role in relation to attachment styles and attitudes towards extramarital relationships.

Humanitarian Initiatives on the Territory of the German Empire during the First World War (on the Examples of Treatment of the Russian Civilians)

The article presents the variety of the humanitarian aid to the Russian enemy aliens in Germany during the First World War. Compositional the author distinguishes three categories of enemy aliens: Russian subjects detained at the beginning of the war, who returned to Russia after some months; confined persons, which means detained, deported and restricted male, who stayed in Germany until the end of the war; internees, who were kept in German camps. Officially, the interests of all Russian enemy aliens were represented by the Spanish Embassy. In addition to the support of the Embassy of Spain, three areas of humanitarian assistance to Russian enemy aliens could be specificated: support from the local population and professional communities, humanitarian initiatives of the International and National Committees of the Red Cross and also actions of other philanthropic institutions. The author describes special aspects of the humanitarian aid to each category of enemy aliens. So the first category receive help from the German professional associations, international and national committees of the Red Cross. It was noted that the support of confined persons is some of the most unknown part: they received help mostly from the professional communities and the local population. The help of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), national Red Cross committees from the neutral states, Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is applicable to the interned captive civilians. Initiatives by prince Max von Baden also took their part in supporting the internees. The article also shows the support by the English and American internees, who shared their parcels with Russian captive civilians, discovers the humanitarian actions of the Relief Committees in the internment camps. The author highlights that the perception of humanitarian aid by citizens and governments were often in conflict.

Investigating the mediating role of maladaptive schemas and emotional expression in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in women from low-income families

Purpose: The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the mediating role of maladaptive schemas and emotional expression in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in women from low-income families. Methods: This research was a descriptive-correlational research that was performed by structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all women from low-income families under the coverage of Isfahan City Relief Committee, 209 of whom were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires of sexual intimacy Batlani, Ahmadi and Bahrami (2010), Early maladaptive schemas Young (1994), Child Trauma Bernstein and Fink (1998), and Emotional Expressiveness of King & Emmones (1990). Research data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics, especially structural equation modeling. Results: The findings showed that childhood trauma doesn’t significant effect on the sexual intimacy of married women in low-income families (P>0/05); but it has a significant effect on emotional expression and areas of early maladaptive schemas (P<0/01). Also, among the domains of early maladaptive schemas, only the domain of listening and inhibition has a significant direct effect on emotional expression and emotional expression also has a significant effect on sexual intimacy (P<0/01). In addition, childhood trauma has a significant indirect effect on sexual intimacy only through the domain of deafness and inhibition and emotional expression (P<0/01). On the other hand, childhood trauma affects sexual intimacy by affecting emotional expression (P<0/01). Conclusion: Therefore, childhood trauma can have an effect on sexual intimacy by influencing the field of listening and inhibiting and expressing emotions. Paying attention to the mentioned factors can help improve the level of sexual intimacy of women.

Challenges and Opportunities in Communicating Weather and Climate Information to Rural Farming Communities in Central Zimbabwe

Abstract Sustainability of rain-fed agriculture in semiarid regions is being threatened by climate variability and change. Weather and climate information (WCI) can be used to reduce the effects of this threat on agricultural production. WCI may be available, but is it readily accessible and communicated/disseminated efficiently to intended end users? Are stakeholders able to interpret the information to correctly inform decision-making? To answer these questions, in view of intermediate stakeholders (service providers to farmers), a study was carried out in two districts of the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe to identify the type and sources of WCI received by these stakeholders as well as constraints and opportunities to access, interpretation, and use of WCI. The study sample was drawn from the Midlands Provincial Drought Relief Committee, a link between the sources of WCI and the smallholder farmers. A questionnaire pretested for clarity and checked for internal consistency of themes using the standardized Cronbach’s alpha was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were generated using SPSS (version 20.0). Findings were that WCI was sometimes not readily available or was received late. Approximately 36% of the intermediate stakeholders (service providers) passed on WCI to farmers in its original form, from the main source the Meteorological Services Department. It was also unfortunate to discover that 36% of the respondents had challenges interpreting WCI. Impediments to the use of WCI by farmers included scientific information not aligning with indigenous information, which is better understood by farmers, and lack of trust in WCI. It is imperative to improve access to WCI and to train stakeholders on interpretation and dissemination of WCI. Significance Statement Weather and climate information—if accurate, accessible, provided in a timely manner, and well understood—can be helpful in the farm decision-making process. Its usefulness is becoming more important with increased climatic variability and change. This paper highlights the challenges and opportunities for service providers in communicating and disseminating WCI. We believe that findings from the study will give direction to efficient utilization of the information by the various end users, for which smallholder farmers are the majority in most developing countries.

The Relationship between Sternberg's Tridimensional Intelligence and Coping Strategies in Facing Trauma in Self-Care Women

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between Sternberg's three-dimensional intelligence and coping strategies in facing trauma in self-care women. The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of the research was all female heads of households in Tehran in 2022. The research sample included 150 female heads of households in the 20th district of Tehran, who were supported by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The sampling method was determined voluntarily. The research tools were Grigorenko and Sternberg's (2002) successful intelligence questionnaire and Andler and Parker's (1990) coping strategies questionnaire. The method of data analysis was Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis using spss software. The research findings showed that there is a weak significant relationship between analytical intelligence, emotion-oriented strategies and avoidance strategies, but there is a strong positive significant relationship between creative and practical intelligence and problem-oriented, emotion-oriented and avoidance strategies. Also, the results of the research showed that the problem-oriented strategy has the ability to predict intelligence. It can be concluded that Sternberg's three-dimensional intelligence can play a positive role in coping strategies in facing trauma in self-care women.

The Model of Excellence in the Quality of Educational-Cultural Services for Families Covered by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee: A Qualitative Study

The Model of Excellence in the Quality of Educational-Cultural Services for Families Covered by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee: A Qualitative Study

Страница истории Успенского собора Г. Осы в период антицерковной кампании

The country was on the brink of a humanitarian catastrophe in 1921-1922. The food policy in the countryside, the lack of workers and draft animals, crop failure, the Red Terror are the main causes of famine. The events take place in the small county town of Osa, Perm region. The parishioners of the Dormition Cathedral refused the proposal of the local authorities to hand over church property to the Committee for Assistance to the Starving in the Volga Region. The purpose of the study is to show the attitude of the Orthodox residents of the county to anti-church policy using the example of unique archival documents. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of objectivism and historicism. In order to demonstrate the influence of objective facts on historical events, an ideographic method was applied. The use of archival documents as a primary source allows us to restore a picture of the relationship between the authorities, parishioners and the church. After the devout of the Dormition Cathedral refused to hand over church property to the famine relief committee, arguing that it would be looted, an anti-church campaign was launched with the mediation of local authorities, and a criminal case was opened against two priests. The protocol of the meeting of the devout is the only document that has been preserved and filed with the criminal case - the last manuscript of the parishioners of the Assumption Cathedral. Most of the documents of the case are represented by protocols of searches and interrogations of priests, testimonies of witnesses and sentencing. The Orthodox residents of the Osinsky district decided not to go into conflict with the district executive committee and decided to allocate personal funds for the fight against hunger, realizing that their funds would be embezzled. It was an attempt to save the Dormition Cathedral from ruin. But, as the subsequent course of events showed, the local authorities did not appreciate the deed of the parishioners, and the refusal to hand over church items was used as a pretext for initiating a criminal case and starting anti-religious propaganda in the press. All the accused were ultimately sentenced by the Perm Provincial Revolutionary Tribunal to community service. It is not known how the further fate of the clergy and parishioners developed. The Dormition Cathedral, built at the expense of parishioners in the late 18th - early 19th century, which was once the center of world of spirit suffered a sad fate. The central dome and bell tower were demolished, and the rest of the building is occupied by the local museum.

Analyzing the effect of Abusive Supervision on Organizational Identity with an emphasis on the mediating role of Psychological Contract Violation contracts & moderating Climate of Favoritism (Case study: Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) South Khorasan Province)

Analyzing the effect of Abusive Supervision on Organizational Identity with an emphasis on the mediating role of Psychological Contract Violation contracts & moderating Climate of Favoritism (Case study: Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) South Khorasan Province)

Refugee Status in Turkey After The End Of World War II, As Reported By The International Rescue and Relief Committee (IRRC)

Türkiye, Asya ile Avrupa arasında köprü vazifesi gören konumu ve tarafsız statüsü ile II. Dünya Savaşı döneminde binlerce mülteciye ev sahipliği yaptı. Savaşın Balkanlara yayılmasıyla Türkiye’ye sığınan mültecilerin sayısında da her geçen gün artış oldu. 1943 yılının Mart ayı itibarıyla bu kapsamda ülkede bulunanların sayısı 22.209’a ulaştı. Bu mültecilerden önemli bir kısmı 1943 yılında ülkelerine iade edildi ya da başka ülkelerdeki mülteci kamplarına sevk edildi. Ancak savaş sona erdiğinde çeşitli sebeplerle ülkelerine iade edilemeyip Türkiye’de kalmaya devam eden yaklaşık 1.500 mülteci bulunmaktaydı. Bu çalışmanın amacı II. Dünya Savaşı’nın sona ermesinin ardından Türkiye’de bulunan bu mültecilerin durumunu, Birleşmiş Milletler Arşivinde bulunan ve Uluslararası Kurtarma ve Yardım Komitesi (IRRC) tarafından hazırlanan rapor ile T.C. Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivinde yer alan belgeleri karşılaştırarak tespit etmektir.

Validating the corporate social entrepreneurship model in Imam Relief Committee

validating the corporate social entrepreneurship model in Imam Relief Committee