Reliability Of Online Information Research Articles

Evaluating the Credibility and Reliability of Online Information on Cannabidiol (CBD) for Epilepsy Treatment in Poland.

The interest in the potential therapeutic use of cannabis, especially cannabidiol (CBD), has increased significantly in recent years. On the Internet, users can find lots of articles devoted to its medical features such as reducing seizure activity in epilepsy. The aim of our work was to evaluate the information contained on the websites, including social media, in terms of the credibility and the reliability of current knowledge about the usage of products containing cannabidiol in epilepsy treatment. We used online available links found using the Newspointtool. The initial database included 38,367 texts, but after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 314 texts were taken into consideration. Analysis was performed using the DISCERN scale and the set of questions created by the authors. In the final assessment, we observed that most of the texts (58.9%) were characterized by a very poor level of reliability and the average DISCERN score was 26.97 points. Additionally, considering the form of the text, the highest average score (35.73) came from entries on blog portals, whereas the lowest average score (18.33) came from comments and online discussion forums. Moreover, most of the texts do not contain key information regarding the indications, safety, desired effects, and side effects of CBD therapy. The study highlights the need for healthcare professionals to guide patients towards reliable sources of information and cautions against the use of unverified online materials, especially as the only FDA-approved CBD medication, Epidiolex, differs significantly from over-the-counter CBD products.

Cosmetic Contact Lenses in the United Kingdom: Assessment of Online Regulation and Quality of Consumer Health Information.

To determine the compliance of online vendors to the UK Opticians Act 1989 Section 27 requirements and safety regulations for cosmetic contact lens (CCL) sales and the quality of online CCL health information. The top 50 websites selling CCLs on each three search engines, namely Google, Yahoo, and Bing, were selected. Duplicates were removed, and the remaining websites were systematically analyzed in February 2023. UK legal authorization for CCL sales was assessed using the Opticians Act Section 27 and safety regulations determined by the presence of Conformité Européene (CE) marking. The quality and reliability of online information was graded using the DISCERN (16-80) and JAMA (0-4) scores by two independent reviewers. Forty-seven eligible websites were analyzed. Only six (12.7%) met the UK legal authorization for CCL sales. Forty-nine different brands of CCLs were sold on these websites, of which 13 (26.5%) had no CE marking. The mean DISCERN and JAMA benchmark scores were 26 ± 12.2 and 1.3 ± 0.6, respectively (intraclass correlation scores: 0.99 for both). A significant number of websites provide consumers with easy, unsafe, and unregulated access to CCLs. Most online stores do not meet the requirements set out in the Opticians Act for CCL sales in the United Kingdom. A significant number of CCLs lack CE marking, while the average quality of information on websites selling CCLs is poor. Together, these pose a risk to consumers purchasing CCLs from unregulated websites, and therefore, further stringent regulations on the online sales of these products are needed.

Evaluation of the quality and content of YouTube videos as an educational resource in developing patients’ inhaler use skills

Background YouTube has educational videos on inhalers. However, their content and quality are not adequately known. Objectives This study investigated the quality and content of educational YouTube videos on inhalers. Methods This descriptive study analyzed 178 YouTube videos on inhalers between May and July 2022. Two researchers independently evaluated the videos. The Global Quality Score (GQS), Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) Benchmark Criteria, and Inhaler Application Checklist (IAC) were used to assess the quality and content of the videos. Spearman’s correlation, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, ANOVA, and Post hoc analysis Bonferroni test were used for data analysis. Results The videos had a mean GQS score of 3.70 ± 1.24, and JAMA score of 2.22 ± 0.60. A negative correlation was between the quality score of the videos and views, likes, comments, duration, and likes/views (respectively; r = −0.237 p < 0.005, r = −0.217 p < 0.003, r = −0.220 p < 0.005, r = −0.147, p < 0.005). The videos narrated by nurses and doctors had significantly higher mean JAMA and GQS scores than others (p = 0.001). The videos missed some procedural steps [gargling (29.1%), adding no more than five ml of medication and device cleaning (41.9%), and exhaling through the nose (37.5%)]. Videos uploaded by individual missed significantly more procedural steps than professional organizations (p < 0.05). Conclusions YouTube videos about inhaler techniques have a moderate level of quality. Videos uploaded by doctors and nurses as content narrators were of higher quality. The videos missed some procedural steps. Individual video uploaders had higher missed procedural steps. Counseling should be provided to patients regarding the reliability of online information.

Temporomandibular Eklem Ağrısı için Egzersizle ilgili Çevrimiçi Bilgilerin İçeriğinin, Kalitesinin ve Okunabilirliğinin İncelenmesi

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is a widespread health issue causing discomfort, pain, and distress in the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. It significantly impacts daily activities and diminishes the overall quality of life. As individuals increasingly turn to online platforms for health information, the accuracy and reliability of such information become pivotal. The accuracy, quality, and reliability of online information, especially concerning therapeutic exercises like those for TMJ pain, are of paramount importance. This study aims to assess the content, quality, and readability of online information related to TMJ pain exercises in the Turkish language. A total of 54 websites obtained from Google searches using the keyword "jaw pain exercises" were examined. Evaluation criteria included Ateshman Readability Scale, DISCERN, and JAMA, which were employed to assess medical accuracy, content quality, clarity, and suitability for the general readership. The results revealed that the online information on these platforms generally lacked quality and was not sufficiently understandable for the intended audience, particularly patients. Many sites provided incomplete or vague information about the correct techniques for exercises, potentially leading to incorrect applications by patients, adversely affecting their treatment outcomes. These findings highlight the deficiency and inaccuracy of exercise guidelines available on online platforms, posing a potential risk to patients' treatment processes. It emphasizes the importance of healthcare professionals monitoring online resources, ensuring their accuracy, and making them more comprehensible. Access to accurate and reliable information is crucial for patients, empowering them to make informed decisions about their health and treatment options.

(028) The Impact of Misinformation on Patient Perceptions Undergoing Sexual Health and Other Urological Procedures

Abstract Introduction Misinformation and particularly health misinformation, has become rampant in society. Misinformation is defined as the spread of false information irrespective of the intent and has become pervasive due to today’s information channels. The repercussions of misinformation is significant as the World Health Organization declared a COVID-19 ‘infodemic’ in February 2020 as one example in order to combat this phenomenon. The spread of false information among patients has caused for confusion, mistrust with healthcare systems and providers. Although misinformation has been acknowledged on broad scales such as healthcare, there is scarce evidence about the prevalence and effect in certain areas of health and medicine. One particular area of health that may have an inordinate amount of misinformation affecting patient perception is sexual health and urology. Objective The objective of this study was to determine where patients gather information prior to their procedure/consultation and assess their perception as to the reliability of the information. Methods Prior to the consultation/procedure, patients were consented and enrolled to complete a questionnaire consisting of Likert scale, short answer and multiple-choice questions regarding search strategies and perception on misinformation. Demographic, online search strategies and misinformation questions were used to evaluate patient perceptions about general misinformation and the reliability of online information. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for the Likert questions to assess for internal validity and evaluated on its original five-point scale by a Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test using R software (v 4.0.3). A p-value &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results To date we have enrolled 102 patients. From the survey results, 64.7% patients indicated that they searched up their condition on the internet prior to their consultation/procedure with 86.6% using Google to find relevant information. Short answer questions revealed patients used disease names or descriptive words of their condition when searching for information. Additionally, 40.3% and 43.1% of patients that searched their conditions found the information very reliable or somewhat reliable respectively and was statistically significant. 79.4% and 40.2% of patients spoke with their partner, if applicable, and their friends respectively about their condition. If they did not however, embarrassment to discuss or feeling alone were major reasons to not do so. Patients responded that misinformation is a significant concern when searching up health information. Interestingly, only 4.9% and 56.9% of patients strongly agreed and agreed they were able to identify misinformation and was statistically significant. The majority of patients also strongly agreed or agreed that learning information prior to their appointment affects their relationship with their physician (13.7% and 37.3% respectively). Conclusions Misinformation alters how sexual medicine and urology patients deal with their condition and relationship with their physician. This study is critical to identify areas to create a tailored approach for urologists and sexual medicine specialists to assist in situations where patients may be misinformed about their health. Disclosure No

Evaluation of YouTube Videos on Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

As in every field, online information has become increasingly used in health. However, it is well known that some information online containing health advice is incorrect and may even include false statements. For this reason, it is crucial for public health that individuals reach reliable, high-quality resources when they are trying to obtain health information. Studies have been conducted on the quality and reliability of online information about many diseases, but no similar study has been found in the literature on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this descriptive study, videos on YouTube (www.youtube.com) about HCC were evaluated using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the modified DISCERN tool. While 129 (89.58%) of the videos examined within the study were considered useful, 15 (10.42%) were misleading. The GQS scores of the videos considered useful were significantly higher than the scores of the misleading videos, with a median (min-max) score of 4 (2-5) (P < 0.001). When we compared the DISCERN scores, the scores of the useful videos were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the scores of the misleading videos. YouTube should be considered a complex structure where accurate and reliable health information can be presented, as well as erroneous and misleading information. Users should understand the importance of video sources and focus their research on videos from doctors, academics, and universities.

Evaluating the readability, quality, and reliability of online information on sjogren's syndrome

Background: There are concerns over the reliability and comprehensibility of health-related information on Internet. The goal of our research was to analyze at the readability, reliability, and quality of information obtained from websites associated with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the term “Sjogren's Syndrome” was used to perform a search on Google, and 75 eligible websites were identified on September 15, 2021. The Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Gunning Fog (GFOG) were used to evaluate the readability of the website. The Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) score was used to assess the websites' reliability, the DISCERN score, the Health on the Net Foundation code of conduct (HONcode) was used to assess quality, and Alexa was used to analyze their popularity. Results: The results revealed that the mean FRES was 42.25 ± 17.11 (difficult), and the mean GFOG was 14.80 ± 3.56 years (very difficult). According to the JAMA scores, 24% of the websites had a high-reliability rating and 26.7% adhered to the HONcode. The readability was found to significantly differ from the reliability of the websites (P < 0.001). Moreover, websites with scientific content were found to have higher readability and reliability scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The readability of SS-related information on the Internet was found to be considerably higher than that recommended by the National Health Institute's Grade 6, with moderate reliability and fair quality. We believe that online information should have some level of readability and must have reliable content that is appropriate to educate the public, particularly for websites that provide with patient education material.

Evaluating the readability, quality and reliability of online information on Behçet's disease.

There are concerns over the reliability and comprehensibility of health-related information on the internet. The goal of our research was to analyze the readability, reliability, and quality of information obtained from websites associated with Behçet's disease (BD). On September 20, 2021, the term BD was used to perform a search on Google, and 100 eligible websites were identified. The Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Gunning Fog (GFOG) were used to evaluate the readability of the website. The JAMA score was used to assess the websites' reliability, the DISCERN score and the Health on the Net Foundation code of conduct (HONcode) were used to assess quality, and Alexa was used to analyze their popularity. Sections of the text were evaluated, and the results revealed that the mean FRES was 35.49±14.42 (difficult) and the mean GFOG was 14.93±3.13 years (very difficult). According to the JAMA scores, 36% of the websites had a high reliability rating and 20% adhered to the HONcode. The readability was found to significantly differ from the reliability of the websites (p<0.05). Moreover, websites with scientific content were found to have higher readability and reliability (p<0.05). The readability of BD-related information on the Internet was found to be considerably higher than that recommended by the National Health Institute's Grade 6, with moderate reliability and good quality. We believe that online information should have some level of readability and must have reliable content that is appropriate to educate the public, particularly for websites that provide with patient education material.

Effects on Customer’s Reliability, Utilization and Purchase Intention of Using Actual Situation of Cosmetic’s Internet Shopping Mall

This study was studied to analyze significant difference of reliability of online information, utilization of internet shopping mall and cosmetic’s purchase intention of customer according to general characteristics or actual situation of usage of internet shopping mall. The 416 survey were analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS WIN 21.0). As the results, women was 73.6%, 30 age was 42.5%, final education of university was 74.8% and official worker was 32.6%. Subjects using internet of ≥5 hours per day was 22.8% and subjects showing using frequency of 1-3 times per day in cosmetic’s internet shopping mall were 37.3%. In analysis on reliability of online information, utilization of internet shopping mall and cosmetic’s purchase intention of customer according to general characteristics, reliability of online information didn’t significant difference with general characteristics but the utilization of internet shopping mall and cosmetic’s purchase intention of customer showed significant difference with general characteristics exhibiting high utilization of internet shopping mall of ≤20 age (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.01). In analysis on reliability of online information, utilization of internet shopping mall and cosmetic’s purchase intention of customer according to actual situation of usage of internet shopping mall, reliability of online information showed significant difference with cosmetic’s purchasing price through internet during month (p&lt;0.05). Also, utilization of internet shopping mall according to actual situation of usage of internet shopping mall showed significant difference with searching prequency and cosmetic’s purchasing rate through internet among the total cosmetic’s purchasing price. Finally, cosmetic’s purchase intention of customer according to actual situation of usage of internet shopping mall showed significant difference with internet usage per day, searching frequency of internet shopping mall, purchasing price and purchasing rate through internet shopping mall (p&lt;0.05, p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.001). Therefore, these results will be apply cosmetic’s marketing plan.

Quality of complementary and alternative medicine information for type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey and quality assessment of websites

BackgroundThe global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is projected to reach approximately 700 million by the year 2045, with roughly 90–95% of all diabetes cases being type 2 in nature. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently seek information about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) online. This study assessed the quality of publicly accessible websites providing consumer health information at the intersection of T2DM and CAM.MethodsAn online search engine (Google) was searched to identify pertinent websites containing information specific to CAM for T2DM patients, and the relevant websites were then screened with an eligibility criteria. Consumer health information found on eligible websites were then assessed for quality using the DISCERN instrument, a 16-item standardized scoring system.ResultsAcross the 480 webpages identified, 94 unique webpages remained following deduplication, and 37 eligible webpages belonged to and were collapsed into 30 unique websites that were each assessed using the DISCERN instrument. The mean overall quality score (question 16) across all 30 assessed websites was 3.55 (SD = 0.86), and the mean summed DISCERN score was 52.40 (SD = 12.11). Eighty percent of websites presented a wide range of CAM treatment options with the associated benefits/risks of each treatment, but in 56.7% of the websites, the sources used to collect information were unreliable.ConclusionThis study identified, assessed, and presents findings on the quality of online CAM information for T2DM. Although there were several high scoring websites, there was variability across most of the individual DISCERN items in the assessed websites. This study highlights the importance of awareness among healthcare providers regarding the reliability of online information about CAM treatment and management options for T2DM. Healthcare providers should be aware of patients' information seeking behaviour, guide them in navigating through the content they encounter online, and provide them with resources containing trustworthy and reliable information.

The readability and reliability of online information about adenoidectomy.

There is limited understanding amongst patients and parents of paediatric patients regarding adenoidectomy. Most patients access health-related information online. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of online information on adenoidectomy. The term 'adenoid' was used to search Google, and the first 50 websites identified were screened. For each website, the readability and quality were assessed. Of the 41 websites that met the inclusion criteria, the mean readability scores corresponded to 'difficult to read' and university-level reading categories. For the quality of the websites, the mean score corresponded to 'fair' with 39 per cent of the websites containing either 'poor' or 'very poor' quality data. The ENT UK information is one of the most readable and reliable online resources. The online information on adenoidectomy is largely set at an inappropriate readability level and of variable quality. Surgeons should consider assisting their patients with online searches regarding adenoidectomy.

Glioblastoma: assessment of the readability and reliability of online information

Introduction Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most common and most aggressive forms of brain tumours with a poor prognosis. There is often uncertainty around diagnosis and prognosis amongst patients diagnosed with cancer. Most patients rely on internet to access health-related information. The aim of this study was to assess the readability and reliability of online information on GBM. Methods The terms ‘Glioblastoma’ and ‘GBM’ were used to search Google and the first 50 websites identified were screened. For each website, the quality of each website was assessed using the DISCERN instrument, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and the Health on the Net Foundation code certification (HON-code). The readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRE), the Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL) and the Gunning Fog Index (GFI). The relevant patient information by 4 International patient information websites were also assessed. Results Following screening, 31 websites met the inclusion criteria with only four websites displaying the HON-code (12.9%). The median DISCERN score was 43 (range: 17–70) corresponding to ‘fair’ quality, and the median JAMA benchmark criteria score was 1. Display of the HON-code certificate or the publication date was associated with higher quality websites. The median FRE score corresponded to ‘difficult’ to read (34.4). The median GFI score (15.9) and FKGL score (13.3) corresponded to a ‘college’ level of education reading ability. The Cancer Australia online information was the most readable website while Cancer Research UK had the highest quality information. Conclusion The readability and reliability of online information relating to GBM is inadequate. Health professionals need to provide or guide patients to information that is both readable and reliable.

Quality, Reliability, and Readability of Online Information on Rhinoplasty.

With an ever-growing reliance on technology, patients are increasingly resorting to websites for their medical information. This study evaluates the readability, quality, and reliability of online information available on rhinoplasty provided by academic centers or impartial reference sources and private practice websites. A cross-sectional study from July to August 2019 was performed looking at the first 42 informational websites on a Google search for the term nose job. Websites were categorized as belonging to impartial sources and academic centers or private practices. Two independent reviewers evaluated websites on their quality, readability, reliability, and technical qualities using several validated measures. The Health on the Net code (HONcode) and DISCERN questionnaire were used to assess the quality and reliability of the information presented on the websites. Significance tests were performed using SPSS Version 25. Of the 42 websites, 23 were impartial sources or academic centers (54.8%) and 19 were private practice websites (47.6%). The mean (±SD) for the HONcode and DISCERN scores were 5.7 (±2.8) and 2.6 (±0.7), respectively. The mean (SD) HONcode scores for impartial sources and private practice websites were 7.1 (±2.9) and 4.1 (±1.5), respectively (P < 0.001). The mean (±SD) DISCERN scores were 2.9 (±0.7) and 2.3 (±0.5), respectively (P = 0.009). There was no statistically significant difference in scores for readability and technical qualities. While impartial sources and academic centers score higher on quality and reliability scores, their scores were also low. These findings are concerning as many consumers use the information provided by online websites to guide decisions regarding their health.

Teachers in the lifelong learning process: examples of digital literacy

ABSTRACT The text aims at measuring digital literacy among teachers of the third stage of education in Poland (lower secondary schools). The study was commissioned by the Ministry of National Education and was conducted in 2018 in Poland, and involved a group of 484 teachers. The goal of the research was to present the teachers’ knowledge and skills related to digital threats in the areas of the assessment of the reliability of information, sexting, cyberbullying, intellectual property rights, the protection of online images, and protection against malware. Digital literacy (DL) was measured using a knowledge and competence test and a diagnostic survey. The ability to enter the LLL process thanks to the ongoing advancement of ICT increases the online safety of all of the school-related stakeholders. A detailed analysis of the results also revealed that the teachers obtained good results in the test in terms of their knowledge about sexting and image protection but scored poorly regarding copyright and the assessment of the reliability of online information; male teachers know more about the technical aspects of digital safety than female teachers; trainees need particular support in the form of informal and non-formal education.

Assessing the quality, readability and reliability of online information on COVID-19

During a public health crisis, the dissemination of reliable information, advice and experts’ opinions is essential for improving public comprehension of potential or actual health threats and enables the public to take informed decisions about risk mitigation measures. This study aimed to assess the quality, reliability and readability of internet-based information on COVID-19 available on Brazil’ most used search engines. A total of 68 websites were selected through Google, Bing, and Yahoo. The websites content quality and reliability were evaluated using the DISCERN questionnaire, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) criteria, and the presence of the Health on Net (HON) certification. Readability was assessed by the Flesch Reading Ease adapted to Brazilian Portuguese (FRE-BP). The web contents were considered moderate to low quality according to DISCERN and JAMA mean scores. Most of the sample presented very difficult reading levels and only 7.4% displayed HON certification. Websites of Governmental and health-related authorship nature showed lower JAMA mean scores and quality and readability measures did not correlate to the webpages content type. COVID-19 related contents available online were considered of low to moderate quality and not accessible to general population. These findings indicate the need for further efforts on improving the quality of health-related content on internet, especially during public health emergencies.

Reliability of Online Information on Self-Examination and Oral Cancer

Introduction: Periodic dental consultations and oral self-examination can increase the chances of an early diagnosis of oral cancer. However, the restricted population access to health services in Brazil added to the greater scope of the internet has increased the use of this resource as a source of information on signs, symptoms and treatments of several diseases, including oral cancer. Objective: To assess the reliability of the information on self-examination and oral cancer available on the web in Portuguese for Brazilian population. Methodology: In December 2018, independent searches were performed for the terms "mouth cancer", "oral cancer", "oral self- examination/ self-examination" and "buccal self- examination / self-examination", on Google Search (Portuguese terms). The first fifty pages were selected for each term, and those that included prevention, diagnosis of oral cancer or described verbally and visually the oral self-examination were included in the study. The quality of the information was assessed according to the criteria of the American Medical Association and Health on the Net. Of the 108 sites evaluated, 87% did not inform the author's training, 24.1% did not inform the complementary nature of the information and 64.8% provided guidance consult a doctor or dentist. Scientific references were not present in 39.8% of the sites and the “accurate and complete” content was observed in only 35.2% of the evaluated pages. Conclusion: The low quality of the information available on the evaluated pages, suggests low reliability of the content about oral cancer and oral self-examination available on the web, indicating that access to this content may bring risk to the health of the Brazilian population.

A cross-sectional survey among physicians on internet use for epilepsy-related information

ObjectiveWe investigated views towards the Internet in a sample of Italian healthcare specialists involved in epilepsy field, to identify factors associated with the attitude of being influenced by information found on the Internet. MethodsThis study was a self-administered survey conducted in a group of members of the Italian Chapter of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) in January 2018. Results184 questionnaires were analyzed. 97.8 % of responders reported to seek online information on epilepsy. The Internet was most frequently searched to obtain new information (69.9 %) or to confirm a diagnostic or therapeutic decision (37.3 %). The influence of consulting the Internet on clinical practice was associated with registration to social network(s) (OR: 2.94; 95 %CI: 1.28–6.76; p = 0.011), higher frequency of Internet use (OR: 3.66; 95 %CI: 1.56–9.21; p = 0.006) and higher confidence in reliability of online information (OR: 2.61; 95 %CI: 1.09–6.26; p = 0.031). No association was found with age, sex, years in epilepsy practice or easiness to find online information. ConclusionInternet is frequently used among healthcare professionals involved in the epilepsy to obtain information about this disease. The attitude of being influenced by the Internet for diagnostic and/or therapeutic decisions in epilepsy is independent on age and years of experience in epilepsy, and probably reflects an individual approach towards the Web.

웰빙 라이프스타일에 따른 여행서비스 선택속성에 대한 소비자 인식과 행동

This study was performed for the development of travel industry by analyzing the characteristics of wellbeing, life style, consumer awareness and behavior to selection attributes of travel service and purchase intension. The styles of wellbeing were divided into two groups; loyalty and conditional. The two groups all showed the positive relationship with consumer awareness and behavior to selection attributes of travel service. Life styles, however, showed partially positive relationship with consumer awareness and behavior to selection attributes of travel service. Specifically, the group of ‘health-oriented’ and ‘social-oriented’ life style showed strong relationship on the ‘human-factor’ in selection attributes of travel service. There was significantly difference between the consumer awareness and behavior to selection attributes of travel service and all attributes showed higher level of consumer awareness than consumer behavior. It explained that consumers have never been satisfied in the travel business. From IPA module, ‘specialty of employees’, ‘acceptance of additional charges’, ‘reliability of on-line information’, ‘accountability of refund’ would be the critical factors to build up the business to the right way. ‘Human factor’, ‘information factor’, ‘company factor’ had a positive effectiveness to the consumer purchase intension of travel service. Consequently, dimension ‘A’ and ‘B’ in IPA module should be emphasized and controlled to achieve the positive results in consumer selection to the travel service.

Evaluating the Quality and Reliability of Online Information on Social Fertility Preservation.

With the rising trend of postponing motherhood, there has been an increasing rate of infertility. Social fertility preservation offers the potential to overcome this age-related infertility, and many women are turning to the Internet to seek medical information. The aim of this study was to evaluate online information on social fertility preservation. This study used five search terms-"egg freezing," "fertility preservation," "social egg freezing," "social fertility preservation," and "oocyte cryopreservation"-to identify the most popular sites as rated by Google. Accuracy of information and quality of websites were rated on the basis of four categories: Silberg's accountability criteria, Abbott's aesthetic criteria, Flesch-Kincaid readability score, and the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society (CFAS) and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) recommendations (Canadian Task Force classification III). Study investigators identified the 21 most used websites. The average Silberg score was 6.57, with 85.7% of websites meeting the criteria for adequate accountability. Only one website (4.8%) did not meet the criteria for appropriate aesthetic appeal. The average Flesch-Kincaid readability score was 11.39, equivalent to a grade 11 reading level, which is significantly higher than the reading level of the general population. A total of 57% of websites contained less than half of the evidence-based recommendations provided in CFAS and SOGC recommendations. Online information on social fertility preservation is easily accessible and aesthetically pleasing, but information is not easily readable and does not reflect evidence-based recommendations. Hence, health care professionals must fill the knowledge gaps and adequately counsel their patients to optimize a woman's chance at a successful pregnancy.

The Use of eHealth Applications in Hong Kong: Results of a Random-Digit Dialing Survey.

eHealth has become popular worldwide, and it is transforming health care. However, studies examining the use of eHealth applications in the Chinese population are scarce. The study reports on the characteristics of eHealth applications in Hong Kong information and communication technology (ICT) users, their attitudes towards eHealth, and their reasons for not using eHealth applications. A cross-sectional random-digit dialing survey targeting adults using ICT was conducted in Hong Kong to elicit information on respondents' use of and attitudes towards eHealth. A total of 495 ICT users completed the survey, of whom 353 (71.3%) were eHealth users. A smartphone was the most frequent way of performing eHealth activities (71.7%). The most prevalent eHealth activity was reading about health/illness (86.4%), with 93.5% indicating that eHealth applications improved their understanding of health care issues. People with less education were less likely to use eHealth applications. Non-eHealth users indicated that the main reasons for not using eHealth applications were lack of interest in health information (49.3%) and lack of confidence in the reliability of online information (45.1%). Quality monitoring of health information available on ICTs and tailoring the design and readability are recommended to meet the needs of those seeking health resources and to promote eHealth. Evidence from the study demonstrates the potential of eHealth to improve the dissemination of health information in Hong Kong, and it provides a basis for improving eHealth integration.