Construct Reliability Research Articles

Adaptation and validation of the Parents’ Self-stigma Scale into Turkish and its association with parenting stress and parental self-efficacy

ObjectivesIn the present era, parents frequently stigmatize themselves for their children’s negative behaviors and inadequate social skills. Parents’ self-stigma (PSS) may lead to a decrease in parental self-efficacy and quality of marital and family life. In light of these reasons, the principal objective of this study to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the PSS Scale (PSSS) as developed by Eaton et al. (2019) and to investigate the indirect effect that parenting stress has on the relationship between PSS and parental self-efficacy.MethodsWe collected data from a total of 1,118 parents via random sampling, with the first part of the study involving 645 participants (Mage = 32.64 ± 7.28) and the second part of the study involving 473 participants (Mage = 27.43 ± 9.87). In the first part of the study, we employed structural equation modeling for the confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the criterion-related validity, average variance extracted, and composite reliability analyses. Moreover, we calculated Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and Guttman split-half coefficients for the reliability analyses. In the second part of the study, we utilized Hayes’ bootstrapping method to assess the indirect effect of parenting stress on the relationship between PSS and parental self-efficacy.ResultsThe first part of the study confirms the PSSS’s 11-item, 3-factor structure, showing the Turkish form to have acceptable goodness-of-fit indices, and found Cronbach’s alpha for the PSSS to be 0.89. Furthermore, the first part of the study demonstrates a significant negative correlation between marital life satisfaction and PSS. Meanwhile, the second part of the study has determined PSS to be positively related to parenting stress and negatively related to parental self-efficacy. The second part of the study also indicates parenting stress to have an indirect effect on the association between PSS and parental self-efficacy.ConclusionsThe study indicates the Turkish version of the PSSS to be a valid and reliable instrument in Turkish culture for measuring parents’ PSS levels regarding their children, with higher scores indicating greater PSS. The scale can be effectively used in both research and clinical settings. The study also suggests parental stress to have a possible impact on the association between PSS and parental self-efficacy. Furthermore, addressing the variables of PSS and parenting stress in family-focused interviews and therapeutic interventions may contribute to increasing parental self-efficacy.

Valid and reliable instrument for measuring Indonesian students’ reading literacy

The study aims to verify the validity and reliability of a set of tests for measuring Indonesian students’ reading literacy achievement that has been developed by the Center for Language Strategy and Diplomacy Development as well as the Educational Assessment Center, two institutions under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia. The construct validity of the test was verified using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the reliability was estimated using the composite reliability (CR) formula. The data used were responses from a sample of 6,539 students from 294 high schools in 34 provinces in Indonesia. The sample was established using a multistage sampling technique from the study population of 15-year-old students in Indonesia. The results indicated that the construct validity of the test was verified and the reliability coefficient was 0.805, which was defined good. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the set of tests is appropriate to be used to measure Indonesian students’ reading literacy achievement. In other words, using the set of tests will establish measurement that can reflect the reading literacy achievement of Indonesian students.

Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Scale of the Assessment of Self-Care Behaviors With Arteriovenous Fistula in Patients on Hemodialysis.

Background and Purpose: This methodological study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the scale for evaluating self-care behaviors with arteriovenous fistula. Methods: This cross-sectional study with a methodological design was planned and conducted in 2022. The Scale of the Assessment of Self-Care Behaviors with Arteriovenous Fistula was translated into Persian. Subsequently, the validity (content and construct) and reliability of this scale were assessed. Results: The exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure for the scale, accounting for 60.71% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that all goodness-of-fit indices supported the model fit (χ2/df = 1.925, Goodness-of-Fit Index = .903, Normed Fit Index = 0.933, Incremental Fit Index = 0.950, Comparative of Fit Index = .950, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .047). Furthermore, this study found that both factors demonstrated satisfactory levels of convergent and divergent validity (construct reliability = .934 and .885 for factors 1 and 2, respectively). After careful evaluation, all coefficients of internal consistency were deemed acceptable (α = .872 and McDonald's omega = 0.879). Conclusions: These significant findings provide compelling evidence that this scale can effectively assess patients' self-care behaviors and facilitate the provision of necessary training in this domain.

Portuguese translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the temporomandibular joint scale: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) scale assesses the severity of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), yet a European Portuguese translation is lacking.ObjectivesTo translate, cross-culturally adapt and to examine the psychometric properties (construct validity and reliability) of the TMJ scale.MethodsTranslation and cultural adaptation were carried out according to international recommendations, including initial translation, evaluation of this translation and cultural adaptation by a panel of experts, and back translation. The final Portuguese version was used to examine the reliability and validity, and participants with TMD were recruited from a Portuguese outpatient clinic. Reliability measures included internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1). The Spearman correlation comparing the TMJ scale with the Fonseca and Helkimo indexes was used to assess the construct validity.ResultsA total of 63 participants (23 ± 2 years; 61,9% female) were included. Similar internal consistency was observed between the two moments of application (0.921 and 0.918), and test-retest reliability was excellent, with an ICC2,1 = 0.998 (95%CI: 0.988–0.999). Robust positive correlations (rho 0.554–0.611, p < 0.001) were found between the TMJ scale and Fonseca and Helkimo indexes.ConclusionThe European Portuguese version of TMJ scale is now available to improve the assessment of severity of TMD in routine clinical practice. This version is also reliable and valid.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the workplace fun scale among nurses: a cross-sectional study

Previous research has highlighted the importance of workplace fun in enhancing employee satisfaction and performance, particularly in high-stress professions like nursing. However, a notable gap exists in understanding how workplace fun is perceived and measured among nurses in Persian-speaking countries. This study addresses this gap by translating the Workplace Fun Scale and assessing its psychometric properties among nurses. The findings will provide insights into the scale’s applicability in these contexts and pave the way for healthcare organizations to significantly explore ways to enhance nurses’ enjoyment of work in Persian-speaking countries. This survey, which involved 321 nurses from medical education centers in Ardabil, was conducted with a meticulous and rigorous methodology. Standard questionnaires collected the data, including a demographic form and the translated Workplace Fun Scale. The study examined the three aspects of workplace fun: fun activities, coworker socializing, and manager support for fun. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the structure, and reliability was assessed through retest coefficients, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and composite reliability coefficients. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 14 and LISREL version 8.8, ensuring the highest research standards. The validity of both form and content was confirmed through translation and reverse translation. The Workplace Fun Scale showed high internal consistency and reliability, with significant Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, composite reliability, and two-week retest coefficients of 0.859, 0.885, and 0.459, respectively (all at the p < 0.01 level). Fit indices, including GFI (0.97), AGFI (0.94), CFI (0.99), NFI (0.98), TLI (0.97), and SRMR (0.04), indicated a good fit of the measurement model, confirming the validity of the scale in assessing workplace fun. The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the translated version of the workplace fun scale, adapted from Tews, exhibited a robust factor structure and internal homogeneity within the Iranian sample. Furthermore, the scale demonstrated positive internal validity and reliability in Persian translation. These findings suggest that the scale possesses acceptable psychometric properties, making it a valuable tool for assessing workplace fun among nurses in Persian-speaking countries.

Psychometric Properties of the TWente Engagement with Ehealth Technologies Scale (TWEETS) Among Patients with Hypertension in Italy.

Engagement with mobile health (mHealth) technologies among patients with hypertension is linked to reduced blood pressure and improved patient understanding of the condition. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the TWente Engagement with Ehealth Technologies Scale (TWEETS) in an Italian cohort with hypertension. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the TWEETS in this population. The study was conducted in three phases. The first phase encompassed the translation and cultural adaptation of the TWEETS to the Italian setting. The second phase involved an expert panel evaluating the instrument's face and content validities. The third phase wasa cross-sectional study aiming to test construct validity and reliability. Adults diagnosed with hypertension were eligible for participation. Additional inclusion criteria included stable antihypertensive treatment for at least 2 weeks before enrolment and the provision of written informed consent. Patients were taught how to use two mHealth devices using the teach-back method. A total of 131 patients were enrolled. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the TWEETS had a one-factor structure and a good level of fit. Cronbach's alpha coefficients suggested good internal consistency. The findings indicate that the TWEETS is a valuable tool for assessing the engagement of patients with hypertension with mHealth devices. Further assessment is needed in various cohorts to confirm the psychometric equivalence of the construct across different groups with hypertension.

Development and preliminary psychometric properties of the Scale of Health Belief Model for Sleep

Abstract Background Sleep-related problems are a serious risk to physical and emotional health, academic success, and safety in adolescents. A measurement tool is needed to comprehensively evaluate adolescents’ sleep and plan the steps necessary for behavioral change. This study aimed to develop a scale based on the Health Belief Model that can reliably and validly evaluate adolescent individuals’ beliefs towards sleep. Methods This methodological study was conducted with 494 adolescents between September and October 2022 in Antalya, Turkey. Initially, 81 items about sleep were created according to the Health Belief Model. Validity was assessed as content and construct validity and reliability was assessed as internal consistency. Content validity was evaluated with ten expert views The scale was tested for construct validity with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), after which the scale’s reliability was evaluated for item-total correlations using Pearson’s correlation analysis and for internal consistency with Cronbach’s Alpha. Results In the first EFA, sixteen factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 explained 63.80% of the total variance. Items with factor loadings of less than .30 and those that appeared in more than one factor with differences of less than %10 were removed from the scale one by one and the analysis was repeated. In the last EFA of the 46-item scale, six factors were found with an eigenvalue greater than 1 that explained 57.7 % of the total variance. The scale’s item-total correlations ranged between .26 - .79. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha of subscales was found .92 for perceived susceptibility, .90 for perceived severity, .90 for perceived benefits, .81 for self-efficacy, .79 for motivation and .69 for perceived barriers. Conclusions The validity and reliability properties of the scale of Health Belief Model for sleep have been found good levels in Adolescents. Its intercultural adaptation for use with adolescents in other countries is recommended. Key messages • The newly developed the scale of Health Belief Model for sleep was found to be valid and reliable. • It can be used to assess adolescents’ beliefs about sleep.

Fostering Nurses’ Support in the Workplace: Addressing Job Burnout Among Malaysian Medical Doctors Working in Public Hospitals

Job burnout in employees is caused by individual factors, including demographic characteristics and nurses’ support. This study analyzed the relationship between nurses’ support and job burnout among medical doctors in Malaysian public hospitals. This research was a correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was 471 employees, using the non-probability sampling method with the purposive and quota sampling techniques. Data collection used the Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI) and nurses’ support items. The data in this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) software. Findings suggest that 77 medical doctors who participated in the study were from Hospital Pulau Pinang, from the Emergency Department, mostly female, ranging from 24-56 years old, single, and have an MBBS education level. The study assessed the measurement model’s loading, average variance extracted (AVE), and composite reliability (CR) where the loadings were above 0.60. AVEs were greater than 0.50 and CRs were greater than 0.708. Additionally, the bootstrap BCI LL (-0.079) and UL (-0.002) for nurses’ support and job burnout were not straddled a 0 in between. Job burnout had a negative association with nurses’ support. In particular, nurses’ support towards medical doctors lowers their risk of job burnout, which has a substantial impact on medical doctors’ overall well-being. The findings indicated that medical doctors who had complete support from their nurses performed their jobs more efficiently, displayed good task performance, and experienced less job burnout.

Navigating the Social Shift: A Preliminary Study of Consumer Behavior on Malaysia's Social Commerce Platforms

The proliferation of online businesses coupled with the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) has led to the emergence of social commerce. The integration of social media platforms into e-commerce offers businesses a convenient avenue for engaging with consumers and a novel method for capturing additional sales volume. This seamless integration of social media platforms into current e-commerce practices has significantly increased its success. Research on the factors that affect purchase intentions in social commerce is still sparse, especially in the context of Malaysian consumers. In general, the causal model of purchase intentions on social commerce in this study aims to investigate the impact of the constructs of visibility and metavoicing on purchase intentions among Malaysian millennial consumers. Henceforth, this initial study specifically aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the IT affordance constructs of visibility and metavoicing through rigorous assessments. At the items-construct level, the internal consistency assessment was conducted using McDonald’s Omega, which is known for its robustness in measuring the reliability of multi-item constructs. At the construct level, discriminant validity and the strength of linear relationships among variables were assessed using Pearson correlation analysis. The pilot dataset gathered was analyzed with SPSS 29, and the results have validated that the predictive model achieved high levels of reliability and validity at both the item and construct levels. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the independent variables, metavoicing and visibility, have a significant association with purchase intentions, underscoring their importance in understanding consumer behavior.

Stigma assessment scale for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A new tool for spine deformity stigma evaluation.

Stigma is the negative attitudes towards an illness or difference. The literature lacks detailed scales specifically addressing stigmatization in AIS. This study aimed to develop Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Stigma Assessment Scale (AIS-SAS) to measure stigmatization in AIS patients. In creating the AIS-SAS, we developed items via literature review and expert input, confirmed content validity, and conducted a field test for construct validity and reliability. Our experts designed 38 items in three subscales: Scoliosis, Brace, and Surgery-related stigma. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and convergent validity were examined for construct validity. The convergent validity of AIS-SAS was assessed through its correlations with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), SRS-22, and Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ). Reliability was gauged via internal consistency and test-retest methods. Sixty-seven adolescents with AIS were included in the study. EFA results confirmed one-dimensionality for each subscale, with factor loadings from 0.51 to 0.96, leading to the removal of 8 items with loadings below 0.3 from the AIS-SAS. The final AIS-SAS has three subscales: scoliosis (18 items), brace (5 items), and surgery-related stigma (7 items). Regarding convergent validity, the scoliosis-related stigma scores significantly correlated with SRS-22 self-image (r= -0.413 p = 0.001) and SAQ-Appearance (r = 0.441 p = 0.002). The RSES-Total score shows a negative correlation with Scoliosis, Brace, and Surgery-related stigma scores: -0.500 (p < 0.001), -0.435 (p = 0.049), and -0.498 (p = 0.042), respectively. AIS-SAS subscales showed good reliability (Cronbach-α > 0.8 ICC > 0.8). AIS-SAS is the first valid and reliable high-quality scale assessing stigmatization from AIS, measuring scoliosis, brace, and surgery-related stigma via three subscales.

Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Mozambique: Validation of the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fifth edition (PC-PTSD-5).

The confluence of conflict-, climate-, and public health-related emergencies in Mozambique increases the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few brief screening tools for PTSD have been validated in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to validate the five-item Primary Care PTSD Screen for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5), the PC-PTSD-5 in Mozambique. This study recruited 957 participants who completed the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus) and PC-PTSD-5, a convenience sample from primary and tertiary care settings in Maputo, Mozambique. Participants were administered a diagnostic interview for psychiatric disorders and the PC-PTSD-5 screening tool. We evaluated the criterion validity of the PC-PTSD-5 concerning the MINI-Plus diagnosis of PTSD, the internal construct validity and reliability using confirmatory factor analysis and Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20), discriminant validity of the PC-PTSD-5 in comparison to other common mental disorder and suicide risk screening tools, and measurement invariance of selected cutoffs by age, sex, and comorbidity. Internal consistency of the PC-PTSD-5 was high (KR-20 = 0.837), and confirmatory factor analysis suggested that a single PTSD factor fits the data well. PC-PTSD-5 items were moderately correlated with other psychiatric symptoms. Criterion validity analyses revealed that a cutoff score of 3 provided high specificity (0.833) and moderate sensitivity (0.673). This cutoff score performed optimally across age and gender; however, a cutoff score of 2 was preferred if the participant had no psychiatric comorbidities. Screening with the PC-PTSD-5 may facilitate case detection and linkages to appropriate treatment for individuals affected by potentially traumatic events in Mozambique. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Standardizing a Questionnaire of Metacognitive Resources of Human Behavior Regulation in Difficult Circumstances

Modern psychology focuses on personal resources that help to overcome difficult circumstances accompanied by anxiety and stress. However, psychological diagnosis in this sphere remains understudied. The present research was an attempt to standardize a questionnaire of metacognitive regulation of human behavior in difficult circumstances. The study involved 559 participants from Tomsk (24.8% men, average age – 22.1). The exploratory factor analysis identified four factors (45.6% variance): self-control of behavior (six items, Cronbach’s alpha, α = 0.780; composite reliability = 0.863); anxiety control (four items, α = 0.823; composite reliability = 0.866); memory efficiency (three items, α = 0.817; composite reliability = 0.832); intuitive cognition of people (four items, α = 0.709; composite reliability = 0.757). Confirmation factor analysis showed high values of the model fitness indices: RMSEA = 0.044; SRMR = 0.059; CFI = 0.991; GFI = 0.986. The scales of the new questionnaire demonstrated the required external convergent validity and were found consistent with similar constructs. The study involved the following methods: D. V. Lyusin’s Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire; Subjective Risk Intelligence Scale developed by G. Craparo et al. and adapted by T. V. Kornilova and E. M. Pavlova, E. Yu. Mandrikova’s Activity Self-Organization Questionnaire, C. D. Spielberger’s Anxiety Test adapted by V. N. Karandashev, C. D. Spielberger’s Questionnaire of Personal Anxiety adapted by Yu. L. Khanin, and the Academic Motivation Scale developed by T. O. Gordeeva, O. A. Sychev, and E. N. Osin. The following scales demonstrated a good discriminative ability associated with statistically significant gender differences: self-control of behavior (p = 0.002); anxiety control (p &lt; 0.001), and memory efficiency (p &lt; 0.001). The questionnaire proved to be an efficient tool of studying human resources related to overcoming difficult circumstances.

Validation of the Arabic version of the Adolescent Distress-Eustress Scale (ADES)

BackgroundThe current study examined the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Adolescent Distress-Eustress Scale (ADES) in Saudi Arabia. It assessed the factorial structure through a confirmatory factor analysis, composite reliability through Cronbach alpha and McDonald’s omega scores, gender invariance, and convergent validity through its correlation to resilience.MethodsA total of 505 high school students from 21 randomly selected schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (mean age of 16.66 ± 1.10 years, 52.7% females) participated in the study. The questionnaires were translated using the forward and backward technique.ResultsFindings revealed good internal consistency of the Arabic ADES (McDonald’s ω being 0.82 for distress and 0.79 for eustress). Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the two-factor structure of the scale and demonstrated measurement invariance across gender at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Girls had higher Distress scores, while boys reported higher eustress scores, which was consistent with previous studies. Finally, the ADES distress and eustress scales were significantly correlated to resilience supporting convergent validity.ConclusionThe present study supports the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the ADES as a self-report method to assess Eustress and Distress in adolescents. Pending further validations to support the present findings, this measure can be utilized by schools, mental health providers, and researchers to support Arabic speaking adolescents globally.

Instrumen Literasi Numerasi Berbasis Kemampuan Berpikir Komputasi pada Matematika SMP: Pembuktian Validitas Isi dengan Aiken’s.

This research aims to prove the content validity of a numeracy literacy instrument based on computational thinking skills using Aiken's method. There are five questions divided into nine parts, all of which focus on the material “Algebraic Forms”, ​​and have been validated by five validators from two leading universities. The data analysis technique applied is the Aiken's method, which is used to assess the extent to which this instrument meets the validity criteria. The results of the analysis show that most of the questions in the instrument received good validity scores, with an average validity of 0.81. This score indicates that this instrument is relevant and effective for measuring students' abilities in numeracy literacy and computational thinking. Apart from that, input from validators regarding the use of simpler language for grade 8 students is very valuable and is expected to improve students' understanding of the questions given. It is hoped that these results can contribute to the development of higher quality educational evaluation instruments, as well as being the basis for further research involving instrument testing to prove construct validity and reliability in the context of mathematics learning

Chinese Anesthesiology Milestones in Resident Evaluation: Reliability, Validity, and Correlation with Objective Examination Scores: a Cross-sectional Study.

Evaluating competency acquisition during residency training is crucial. The Anesthesiology Milestones have been implemented in the United States. The China Consortium of Elite Teaching Hospitals for Residency Education has also developed the Chinese Resident Core Competency Milestone Evaluation System. Despite this, Milestones tailored for anesthesiology have yet to be implemented in China. To address this gap, we have developed Chinese Anesthesiology Milestones. This study aims to assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese Anesthesiology Milestones and their correlation with objective examinations. In this single-center cross-sectional study, we included anesthesia residents enrolled in the standardized residency training program at our hospital during the academic year 2021 to 2022. The Chinese Anesthesiology Milestones were developed based on the American version of Anesthesiology Milestones 2.0 and the Chinese Resident Core Competency Milestone Evaluation System using the Delphi method. The Delphi panel comprised a diverse group, including education administrators, faculty from teaching hospitals, and anesthesia residents. Five attending anesthesiologists independently assessed the levels achieved by each anesthesia resident based on the Chinese Anesthesiology Milestones. Subsequently, they collaboratively discussed the ratings for each resident until a consensus was reached. The interrater reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity were assessed using Kendall's coefficient, Cronbach's α coefficient/ composite reliability, and average variance extracted, respectively. Higher values indicated better reliability or validity. The correlation between Milestone ratings and objective examination scores, including written examinations and Objective Structured Clinical Examinations, were analyzed using Pearson correlation. The Chinese Anesthesiology Milestones encompassed 6 competencies, including professionalism, medical knowledge and technical skills, patient care, interpersonal and communication skills, teaching ability, and life-long learning. Milestone evaluation data were available and analyzed from 66 residents. The Kendall's coefficient of concordance among raters ranged from 0.799 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.793-0.918) to 0.942 (95% CI, 0.934-0.982). The average variance extracted, composite reliability, and Cronbach's α coefficient ranged from 0.782 to 0.920, 0.935 to 0.980, and 0.916 to 0.978, respectively. Correlations between objective examination scores and related Milestone subcompetencies were as follows: written examinations: r = 0.52 (95% CI, 0.22-0.71), technical skills stations: r = 0.51 (95% CI, 0.21-0.71), the oral test station: r = 0.66 (95% CI, 0.45-0.79), and the standardized patient station: r = 0.61 (95% CI, 0.36-0.76). The Chinese Anesthesiology Milestones demonstrated satisfactory interrater reliability, internal consistency, construct validity, and correlation with objective examination scores within our hospital.

Arabic validation of the parental stress scale (PSS) in a population-based sample of Lebanese parents

ABSTRACT Background Parental stress significantly impacts the well-being of families, and necessitates culturally sensitive tools for its assessment. The Parental Stress Scale, widely used in diverse cultural settings, lacks a validated Arabic version suitable for the Lebanese context, where unique sociopolitical and economic factors might influence parental stress differently. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the scale in Arabic among a Lebanese sample Methods Following the Snowball sampling method, participants (n = 502) were adult Lebanese parents who answered demographic questions and completed the Arabic version of the Parental Stress Scale and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-8. Results Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a two-factor model of the Parental Stress Scale (CFI = 0.956). We found adequate composite reliability for both the ‘Parental Stress’ (ω = 0.91/α = 0.91) and ‘Parental satisfaction’ (ω = 0.94/α = 0.94) subscales. Convergent validity and concurrent validity were demonstrated through positive correlations with measures of depression, anxiety and stress. Our translation of the scale was shown to be invariant across sexes, with fathers scoring significantly higher than mothers. Conclusion Our validated Arabic version of the Parental Stress Scale offers a culturally sensitive instrument for assessing parental stress in Lebanon. This tool enables healthcare providers and researchers to identify stressors affecting Lebanese families, facilitating the development of targeted interventions to support parental mental health.

Developing a Pancasila students' character instrument: Proof of construct validity and estimation of construct reliability

This study aims to prove construct validity and estimate construct reliability of the character scale of Pancasila students by using confirmatory factor analysis. The research approach used is quantitative with a sample of 200 high school students selected at random. This study measured the variables by six aspects, 15 indicators, and 20 questions. The six aspects include faith and piety to God Almighty, global nationality, cooperation, independence, critical reasoning, and creativity. The data analysis technique used is confirmatory factor analysis. The study results concluded that the instrument for assessing the character of Pancasila students in high school had a loading factor of more than 0.4 and a value of more than 0.96 which was declared valid and significant. Likewise, the instrument has been declared fit in testing the goodness of fit model. Thus, this finding indicates that the observed and performance covariance matrices are not significantly different. This study recommends a scale to measure the character of Pancasila students in senior high school.

THE UTILIZATION OF STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING TO DETERMINE CASUALITY ON CONSUMER DECISION OF E-WALLET

One of the technological innovations that exemplifies transactional innovation is the use of an E-Wallet as a means of carrying out financial transactions. This invention enhances transactional ease and quickness. The E-Wallet is the most popular means of financial transaction among the general population. The traditional marketing mix has developed into the product, price, place, promotion, personalization, privacy, customer service, community, site, security, and sales promotion (4Ps+P2C2S3). These criteria are used to evaluate their efficacy in persuading customers to adopt an E-Wallet. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to assess the causal link between e-marketing mix items and customer decisions to use E-Wallet. SEM provides the core capability of validating the validity and reliability of procedures such as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). by investigating the pattern of linkages between latent variables and showing them with route diagrams. This study employed 200 E-Wallet users in Palembang for modeling. with the criterion of having one of the E-Wallet programs on a smartphone and having used the application at least once. According to the results of the consumer response processing. all constructs have Cronbach's Alpha (CA) &gt; 0.60, indicating that all constructs are valid for use in measurement. As do the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR) values &gt; 0.70, indicating that the construct explains more than half of the variance coming from the indicators. Furthermore, we show the results of evaluating the causal relationship between endogenous construct elements that influence customer decisions, such as location, security, and sales promotion.

Sustainability Communication in Higher Education Institutions: Scale Development and Validation Study

This article aims to develop and validate the Sustainability Communication Scale in higher education institutions. An eight-step process proposed by DeVellis (2022) was applied to develop the scale, which consists of 32 items capable of measuring the level of sustainability communication in Turkish universities. A total of 1291 participants, comprising 109 academics and 1182 students, participated in the study. Expert opinion analysis, KMO and Barlett tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and partial correlation analyses were all used to check the scale's validity and reliability. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis using the principal components method, the scale consists of 4 factors: environmental sustainability communication, social sustainability communication, economic sustainability communication, and sustainability of communication. The general structure and measurement of the scale have been validated by confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency coefficient found using Cronbach's alpha was .769; internal consistency coefficients found using composite reliability were .875(F1), .888 (F2), .866(F3), .882(F4). The findings indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

The Persian version of the fear of pain questionnaire mong Iranian post-surgery patients: a translation and psychometrics

IntroductionThe Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FOPQ) is a self-report tool designed to measure an individual’s fear of pain (FOP). While the Persian version of the FOPQ (FOPQ-P) has been developed, its validity and reliability have not yet been assessed in the Iranian context. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the FOPQ-P among Iranian patients after surgery.MethodsA methodological study was conducted in 2023 involving 400 post-surgery patients selected with a convenience sampling. The FOPQ was translated into Persian, and its psychometric properties were analyzed using network analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), as well as assessments of convergent and discriminant validity. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s Omega, average inter-item correlation coefficient, Composite Reliability, and Maximal Reliability.ResultsThe EFA results with Promax and Kaiser Normalization rotation identified two factors that explained 54.32% of the variance, comprising seven items. The CFA confirmed the model’s validity. Both convergent and discriminant validity were established. The reliability analyses showed that Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, composite reliability, and MaxR for all constructs were above 0.7. Additionally, the average inter-item correlation coefficient was greater than 0.5, indicating strong internal consistency and construct reliability.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the FOPQ-P possesses a valid structure and was acceptable reliability in patients cultural context of Iran post-surgery, making it a suitable instrument for measuring fear of pain in this population.