Relevant Topics Research Articles

Adaptation of meaning-centered psychotherapy for healthcare providers to buffer work-induced distress and improve wellbeing.

Healthcare providers (HCPs) face high rates of distress, experienced as burnout, moral distress, compassion fatigue, and grief. HCPs are also experiencing a crisis in meaning whereby distress is associated with disconnection from meaning in work and, in turn, a lack of meaning in work can furtherperpetuate distress for HCPs. Although scalable systems-level solutions are needed to tackle multidimensional HCP distress, it is also necessary to address HCP suffering at individual, team, and institutional levels. Targeted interventions to alleviate HCP distress are limited. Meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP), a brief, evidence-based, intervention first developed for persons with advanced cancer, holds promise to mitigate HCP distress. This study adapted MCP for HCPs through feedback from a multidisciplinary sample of clinicians trained in MCP and working in healthcare settings. A survey was distributed electronically between November and December 2023 to HCPs previously trained in MCP assessing quantitative and qualitative feedback on the appropriateness of MCP for HCPs, the relevance of MCP session topics and exercises, and implementation barriers and facilitators. Descriptive statistics on relevant participant ratings were calculated; a matrix analysis approach was used for qualitative data. Forty participants, primarily mental health providers, expressed that MCP principles were highly relevant for HCPs and offered key insights on appropriate intervention modifications, including the need for a primary focus on meaning in professional life, reduced interventionlength, and delivery in group format. Feedback informed critical adjustments to promote appropriateness and acceptability of MCP-HCP which is poised for pilot testing to determine its feasibility and preliminary efficacyfor HCPs.

Under-5 Malaria and Fever Morbidities as Correlates of Anaemia in Niger: A Heteroscedasticity-Consistent Ordered Probit Approach

Background: The relationship between malaria/other febrile infections and anaemia among under-5 children is a subject of significant policy relevance among African health policy makers. The international significance of addressing anaemia is prominently underscored in the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). This paper therefore analysed the effect of malaria/other febrile infections and other maternal and child’s demographic variables on the prevalence of anaemia in Niger. Methods: We utilized the under-5 children’s module of the Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) for 2021, which was collected from women of reproductive age (15–49) in selected households. The data were analysed with heteroscedasticity-consistent ordered probit regression model. Results: The results showed that 73.73% of the children was anaemic, while malaria and other febrile infections were present in 14.00% and 33.87%, respectively. Anaemia was highest in the Tillaberi and Dosso regions, where 84.12% and 79.12% of the children were anaemic. The ordered probit regression revealed that anaemia was promoted by malaria, other febrile infections, being a male child, second of multiple birth, and birth order, while wealth index, age, urban residence, and access to newspaper and television reduced it. Conclusions: Anaemia remains a major public health problem among under-5 children in Niger. A comprehensive healthcare intervention to address the problem should consider regional, sectoral, and gender differences in the incidences, with drastic efforts towards prevention of malaria and other fever-inducing illnesses. In addition, interventions to promote households’ economic status, reduce maternal fertility, and facilitate preventive practices through nutrition enhancement and health-related media programs hold some promise.

Digital Narratives and Tradition: The Role of NU Kids Animations in Early Islamic Education

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the impact of animated content on the NU Kids YouTube channel on traditional Islamic education for early childhood by examining viewership metrics, community engagement, behavioral changes in children, and how these animations integrate character education, appreciation for local traditions, and the formation of a moderate religious identity. Design/methods/approach – A netnographic approach was employed to observe and analyze 7 out of 13 available videos on the NU Kids Sumenep channel. These 7 videos were selected based on their thematic relevance to the research objectives, focusing on the portrayal of Nahdlatul Ulama’s history, character education, and the development of religious identity. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes in these videos, including representations of Nahdlatul Ulama history, character education, and the development of religious identity. Findings – The findings indicate that NU Kids animations successfully promote traditional Islamic values rooted in local traditions. For instance, episodes such as "The Founding of Nahdlatul Ulama" and "The Story of Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari" emphasize respect for elders, community solidarity, and the integration of Islamic principles with local customs, which resonate deeply with audiences. The channel effectively builds a strong digital community and strengthens the collective identity of the NU community in the era of globalization. Research implications/limitations – The study is limited to the community analyzed, which may be confined to those already affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama. The research primarily relies on public data such as view counts and comments, which may not fully reflect long-term impacts. Practical implications – This study demonstrates that digital media, such as YouTube, can be an effective tool for disseminating traditional Islamic teachings to young audiences. The findings could influence the development of educational content based on local values in the future. Originality/value – This research provides new insights into the role of digital media in traditional Islamic education, particularly in early childhood education, by demonstrating how platforms like NU Kids integrate local cultural narratives with religious teachings, employ storytelling and digital tools to foster collective identity, preserve traditional values, and shape the younger generation's identity in a rapidly globalizing world. Paper type Research paper

Epistimologi Sebagai Landasan Metodologi Ilmiah untuk Pengembangan Teori Baru Bidang Manajemen Pendidikan Islam

This study aims to identify and analyze the relationship between Islamic epistemology and scientific methodology in the context of Islamic education. This study uses a literature review methodology, data collection through in-depth examination of relevant and credible sources, such as scientific journals, academic books, research articles, and other related documents that support the research topic. The data collection technique involves systematically filtering the literature based on specific criteria, including topic relevance, source credibility, and year of publication, to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the data. This analytical process helps in developing a comprehensive conceptual framework and building strong arguments for interpreting the research findings. The results of the analysis show that epistemology plays an important role in the development of new theories in the field of Islamic education management. Islamic epistemology, which combines revelation and reason, provides a solid foundation for a scientific methodology that is in line with Islamic values. In addition, an epistemological approach can also help to address the challenges in Islamic education management in the modern era by providing an ethical and adaptive framework

A digital and nurse-led support intervention, first year after prostate cancer treatment: a single-arm feasibility study in a Swedish primary care setting

BackgroundThe prevalence of patients with prostate cancer is increasing, and the first year after treatment is a vulnerable period for patients as they experience symptoms and unmet needs. Although electronic patient-reported outcomes that focus on patient self-management have demonstrated benefits, evidence is sparse regarding patients with prostate cancer in primary care settings and the role of nurses as a supportive resource. The significant role of primary care in future cancer care is on the agenda. This study aims to test the feasibility of a complex intervention that includes electronic patient-reported outcomes and self-management advice in an app, combined with nurse-led support, in primary care settings during the first year after curative intended prostate cancer treatment.MethodsThe intervention lasted four weeks and was a single-arm study. Feasibility was assessed by examining the recruitment process, retention rate, adherence to the reporting of symptoms in the app, and acceptability of the intervention. Data was collected through (1) logged data from the app that included patient-reported outcomes and self-management advice, (2) field notes by the nurse, and (3) semi-structured interviews with patients. Descriptive statistics were applied to logged data. The interviews and the field notes were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe recruitment rate was 55%, yielding 11 patients with high retention as all completed the intervention. Adherence to reporting was 100%, and all functions in the app were used. Individual variation in how patients used the app was found, which was attributed to patients’ current needs. In total, 36 health dialogues with the nurse (virtual, face-to-face, telephone) were performed; all first dialogues lasted longer, while follow-ups were shorter. Patients described that the health dialogues covered relevant subjects and that the combination of using the app and health dialogues was tailored and provided supplementary support. No adverse events occurred; however, a few technical difficulties interfered with the intervention, and the patients gave valuable suggestions for improvement. Furthermore, patients suggested that the intervention should start immediately after treatment.ConclusionAs the patients adhered to and accepted the intervention, it was considered feasible. Findings suggest intervention should start directly after treatment ends.

Text Choice Adequacy in a Romanian Language Textbook for Hungarian Minority Students

Teaching Romanian language to Hungarian ethnic minority students in Romania has been a matter of debate for a long time. Some teachers and experts suggest that Romanian textbooks are inadequate and fail to meet the needs of minority students, while others argue that they are sufficient and serve the purpose of teaching the Romanian language to non-native speakers. An appropriate choice of texts can support the development of language skills and cultural understanding, while inappropriate choices can hinder them.In this study, we propose to investigate the texts in a Romanian language textbook written and approved for 7th-grade Hungarian minority students regarding the adequacy of topics and vocabulary in comparison with text choices in a textbook designed for teaching Romanian as a foreign language. We propose to analyse and compare the texts from the following viewpoints: use of literary and non-literary texts; adequacy of the vocabulary and text adaptation; relevance and adequacy of topics; appropriacy of texts and activities.

A Derivative Topic Dissemination Model Based on Representation Learning and Topic Relevance

A Derivative Topic Dissemination Model Based on Representation Learning and Topic Relevance

Google, SEO and helpful content: How artificial intelligence can be helpful for e-commerce websites

This paper explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on search engine optimisation (SEO) practices within a marketing agency setting, with a particular focus on quality, topical authority and relevance over quantity. By leveraging AI-powered content creation tools, the study explores the effectiveness of generating various SEO elements for enhancing the visibility and ranking of product pages. Using models such as OpenAI’s text-davinci-003, the study demonstrates the generation of SEO elements tailored to specific product details, brand names and website URLs. Through examples of fitness equipment, the study showcases the creation of SEO-friendly content, enhancing the discoverability of product pages and user engagement. Furthermore, the study extends its focus beyond textual content to include the generation of image alt tags, identifying low-resolution images and implementing contextual internal linking using AI techniques. The study explores methodologies for generating alt tags for images based on image URLs, identifying low-resolution images from a list of URLs, and recommending internal links based on content similarity and topical relevance. The study also describes practical applications of AI in various SEO optimisation tasks, emphasising the role of AI-driven solutions in enhancing website crawlability, user experience and overall SEO performance, thereby contributing to improved visibility, traffic and conversion rates. By addressing key SEO challenges and leveraging AI technologies, marketing agencies can optimise their strategies for better search engine visibility, ultimately driving growth and competitiveness in the digital landscape.

O PAPEL DA ENFERMAGEM NO ENFRENTAMENTO A VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER NEGRA: E COMO ENFERMAGEM PODEM AGIR NESSE ENFOQUE

This article aims to address a subject of extreme relevance in the current context, in this way we will present how violence against black women in Brazil can increase and how nursing can contribute to combating violence, and how health units health can act to provide better care for victims of violence. This was used to research articles, bibliographical books, and Internet sites. It was found that discrimination against women still occurs in Brazilian society, demonstrated by the high rates of violence, and that black women are the ones who suffer the most violence in Brazil. The general objective: To understand and analyze Violence against black women, with the specific objective: to carry out research on the role of nursing in combating violence and how health units can act in this regard.

Assessing national medicines policies: a protocol for systematic review of access to medicine assessment metrics and indicators

IntroductionEfforts to improve access to essential medicines globally include the implementation and assessment of national medicine policies. Although existing assessment tools may identify gaps, they do not link these to...

Challenges and Opportunities of The Circular Economy for Sustainability Based on Reverse Logistics

Goal: This article's main objective is to analyze the trends and challenges associated with the circular economy (CE) and reverse logistics (RL), with an emphasis on RL's role as a fundamental component of the CE. Theoretical framework: The study's theoretical basis focused on the dimensions and analytical categories of the circular economy and reverse logistics as fundamental elements of environmental sustainability. The analysis considered reverse logistics an integral part of the circular economy to identify its challenges and opportunities. Method and material: The method used was bibliographic. Data were collected from the Google Scholar, Elsevier, and Scielo databases to construct answers to three guiding questions related to a) the trends of the circular economy that allow understanding its integrative vision, the role of reverse logistics in the circular economy, and what are the challenges in implementing the circular economy. Twenty-eight articles on CE and 18 on RL were selected. The definition of the sample considered criteria of relevance, timeliness, and academic impact in articles published in the last fifteen years in high-impact journals. Furthermore, the studies were assessed for their thematic relevance, methodological robustness, and contribution to the development of the field of study. The results were generated using semantic and content analyses. Results and Conclusion: The results found were that a) the trends of the circular economy are the regeneration of resources as a central priority, design is now occupying a central place in sustainability, and the change from ownership to performance, which structure the new human mentality; b) the role of reverse logistics in the circular economy is to promote sustainability in business in practice, mainly through legal structuring, as is the case of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS); and c) the main challenges in implementing the circular economy are the lack of understanding of its principles and the lack of cooperation between organizations, governments and consumers. Research implications: It is necessary to start legally structuring and practicing reverse logistics now so that the collective mentality can soon collaborate effectively with sustainability. Originality/value: The study shows that the degree of collaboration between governments, organizations, and consumers is crucial for overcoming the challenges and seizing the opportunities of reverse logistics.

(Im)politeness as a Strategy in the Discursive Construction of In-Group Solidarity in Discussions about Love, Sex and Relationships on Incels.is

As a discourse community that is formed and maintained mostly online, involuntary celibates (who are typically heterosexual men) have been known to be one of the most obvious groups presenting misogynistic attitudes (Bates 2020). There are various forums where such online users meet to discuss subjects of relevance to them, including Reddit and subreddit threads (r/incels) and websites specifically targeted at the community (such as Incels.is). Although the subject of incel discourses has been addressed from several linguistic perspectives, including the representation of social actors (Heritage & Koller 2020), toxic language in the community (Pelzer et al. 2021), metaphor (Heritage et al. 2023) and the extreme language of misogyny (Bogetić 2022), still relatively little has been written specifically about how the community of practice is formed on the basis of the discursive expression of solidarity. The present paper is an analysis of discussions on the forum Incels.is on the subject of sex and relationships, specifically investigating how both manifestations of misogynist attitudes and discursive strategies of politeness are used to form solidarity between users. The analysis considers that through the employment of positive and negative politeness strategies in an online community, group bonds are made stronger and in-group solidarity is expressed both directly and indirectly. The analysis of politeness strategies showed that positive politeness and negative politeness were both present as face-saving acts and to construct solidarity through the use of sarcasm, kinship claiming, informal language and the negative evaluation of female actors.

Path dependence in explanatory models of economic thinking: Practice of publications in business media

Based on the sample of publications in federal business periodicals for the period from 2000 to 2024, the article examines the specifics of explanatory models used in the information discourse and applied in the press for the essential characteristics of economic processes. Content analysis and discourse analysis show that the explanatory models used in the media are fully consistent with the path dependence effect, that is, they record the dependence of current and future development on past experience, and also appeal to this experience regardless of its correspondence to the real state of economic picture. The article outlines the prospects for using explanatory models in the information discourse, including the inertia of using outdated economic approaches, the coexistence of conflicting stereotypes, as well as the strengthening of semantic empty constructions that record only the external form of the explanatory model without relevant empirical subject. A conclusion is made about the strengthening of the path dependence effect in explanatory models of the media, and, consequently, about the increasing subjectivity in the presentation of economic information

Hyaluronic Acid Combined with Ozone in Dental Practice.

Topical applications have long been regarded as precise methods for delivering drugs to soft tissues, such as the periodontal ligament, as well as hard structures, including the alveolar bone and cementum. Recently, the combination of hyaluronic acid (HA) and ozone therapy has gained popularity as a supportive treatment for chronic inflammation, in addition to its established role in enhancing healing after dental procedures. To gather the necessary research for our study, we conducted a systematic search across several databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Ovid. Our study was registered under Prospero number CRD42024569641. The research, which began in June 2015 and concluded in May 2024, systematically examined the potential benefits of topical HA application in the management of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Using relevant keywords and Medical Subject Headings, we selected 28 pertinent studies: three related to gingivitis, thirteen on chronic periodontitis, seven involving dental surgeries such as implants and sinus lifts, and three on oral ulcers. The risk of bias among the analyzed studies was assessed using the RoB 2 tool. Regarding the randomization process, 75% of the studies exhibited a high risk of bias. However, all studies (100%) had a low risk of bias concerning allocation concealment. Only 25% of the studies adequately addressed performance bias, and another 25% reported all outcome data. Nevertheless, 85% of the included studies showed a low risk of reporting bias. The results indicate that the use of topical HA in combination with ozone therapy is highly effective not only in promoting post-operative healing following dental procedures but also in providing positive outcomes for individuals dealing with chronic gingivitis, periodontal inflammation, and oral ulcers.

MODEL OF MAXIMAL WEIGHTS INVERSE CHAINS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE FACTORS OF THE SOFTWARE COMPLEXES SUPPORT

Context. The problem of identification, formation and restoration of the boundaries of influencing factors, lost as a result of the implementation of multi-layer perceptron models into the models of subjective perception of the object of software complexes support, as well as the applied practical problem of primary monitoring of the frequency manifestation of a given influencing factor in the post-real-time mode, is considered. The object of research is the influencing factors of support of software complexes. Objective – the goal of the work is to develop a model of inverse chains of maximum weights for the analysis of influencing factors of the software complexes support. Method. A model of maximal weights inverse chains for the analysis of the influence factors of the software complexes support was developed for the analysis of the influencing factors of the software complexes support. The developed model provides possibility to identify and form feedback chains of maximum weights for the identification and further analysis of influencing factors that are reflected into the results of the object perception (the supported software complex or its support processes), by the relevant subjects of interaction which directly or indirectly interact with it. Results. Results of the resolved applied practical problem of primary monitoring of the frequency manifestation of a given influencing factor in the post-real-time mode have been provided as an example of the applied practical use of the developed model. The output results of the developed models functioning – are the reverse chains of maximum weights. In the future, the results obtained by the developed model are used to solve the applied-scientific problem of identification, formation and restoration of the boundaries of influencing factors, lost as a result of the implementation of the appropriate models of multilayer perceptron inside the models of subjective perception of the software complexes support. So the developed model of maximal weights inverse chains for the analysis of the influence factors of the software complexes support resolves this applied-scientific problem, initially caused by the implementation of the corresponding multilayer perceptron models inside the model of the subjective perception of the object of software complexessupport. The developed model provides the possibility of carrying out a qualitative analysis of the transformation of the input characteristics of the object of support into the output resulting characteristics of its subjective perception. Conclusions. Developed model allows to resolve the described problems. At the same time, the developed model improves the classical understanding of multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks, as it introduces an additional value to the neurons of hidden layers, which (starting from now) are able to perform a completely new role of influencing factors markers, while in the classical understanding of multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks they did not perform any functions other than arithmetic to ensure the possibility of correct learning and functioning of a multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks.

Evaluation of the fatigue-related influence of start-ups on Pelton turbines based on reduced scale model stress measurements

Abstract In recent decades, the electricity industry has undergone a significant transformation from a vertically integrated supply system to a market-regulated structure. This shift, along with the intermittent nature of increasingly prevalent non-dispatchable renewable energy sources, induces system operators to redistribute portions of the power generation included in the market schedule to preserve the energy balance within the power system. For hydropower plants, this translates in increasingly frequent operations in transient condition, with significant fatigue-related consequences on the lifetime of hydraulic machines. The understanding of fatigue phenomena during transient operations requires therefore experimental investigations, modeling and optimization of such operations, representing today a relevant research subject. This paper proposes the comparison between two methodologies which aim to estimate and optimize the operational cost, with respect to the lifetime of a Pelton turbine, of the specific case of the back-to-back start-up of a multistage pump performed with the Pelton runner of the same ternary group. These methodologies are developed on data collected during an experimental campaign performed with the reduced scale model of the investigated turbine, homologous to the real test case pumped-storage power plant. Despite the substantial distinction in the adopted approaches, the two methodologies show common features in terms of the fatigue damage trend as a function of the turbine operating conditions, and of the optimal strategy minimizing the structural impact of start-up sequences.

Management of Failed Fixation of Extracapsular Hip Fractures.

Background Extracapsular hip fractures are routinely treated with fixation, and the majority heal without complication. The fixation fails in a minority of cases, typically either by 'cutting out' of the superior femoral heador through breakage of the metalwork following non-union. In such cases, if operative treatment is thought appropriate, there are two major treatment options: revision fixation of the fractureor joint replacement surgery. Methods Medline on OvidSP was searched using relevant medical-specific subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. The inclusion criteria were: study regarding management of failed extracapsular hip fracture fixation (not osteoarthritis alone, following such surgery), mean age >60 years, comparative study of joint replacement vs. revision fixation. The search returned 1053 results, of which twowere relevant. Both studies were considered poor quality and neither study was randomised. Instead, outcomes from the current Hospital Trust were used instead through a prospectively generated trauma database. Results From the trauma database, 37 patients (mean age 81), of whom 21 had received cephalomedullary nails and the remainder dynamic hip screw (DHS), were identified. Fourteen patients underwent revision fixation (seven cephalomedullary nail; seven blade plate), while 23 underwent hip replacement (17 total hip replacement; six hemiarthroplasty). Although the difference did not reach statistical significance according to the log-rank test (p = 0.233), there is a trend towards lower re-operation rate following joint replacement, with the difference becoming apparent after over one year's follow-up. Conclusion Despite the quality of evidence, the default operation for failed extracapsular hip fracture fixation should be joint replacement, based on a likely lower re-operation rate and permitting immediate full-weight-bearing. In selected instances, particularly younger patients and those who can partially-weight-bear, revision fixation would still be considered. As the number of hip fractures continues to increase both within the UK and worldwide, we can expect to see more patients with previous failed fixations, and more evidence regarding the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment strategies is required.

Eksplorasi Interaksi Publik, Sentimen, dan Diskursus Tema Reintegrasi Sosial di Platform YouTube

This study aims to analyze public engagement on social media, specifically YouTube, focusing on audience participation, sentiment distribution in comments, and key themes in public discourse related to videos discussing social reintegration. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis using Pearson correlation and qualitative analysis through sentiment analysis with RapidMiner and thematic analysis with Atlas.ti. The results indicate that although some channels attract high view counts, active engagement such as comments and likes is often disproportionate, influenced by content quality and topic relevance. Most comments analyzed were neutral, primarily addressing procedural information, while negative sentiments frequently criticized social reintegration policies. These findings highlight the need for more creative and interactive content strategies by leveraging Discursive Opportunity Structure (DOS) to enhance public engagement. In conclusion, social media holds significant potential as a tool for educating and advocating social reintegration policies, but it requires a more responsive and relevant approach to maximize public participation and discussion.

Reproductive health of female students in Islamic boarding school culture: A literature review.

Reproductive health in Islamic boarding schools is still a special concern, because female students in Islamic boarding schools are teenagers, namely 12-19 years old. This article aims to discuss adolescent reproductive health in relation to the culture in Islamic boarding schools. One model of education in Indonesia is Islamic boarding schools which prioritises religious education and are supported by dormitories as a place to live, where they interact with their peers 24 hours a day. Islamic boarding schools prioritize a simple way of life, independence, discipline and cooperation. ,using the literature review method, This methodology involves a comprehensive database search in Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate. The main search terms used were 'adolescent reproductive health' and 'Islamic boarding school culture'. Eight articles were obtained for analysis of topic relevance, objectives, methods used, sample size, and results in each article. We evaluated the relevance of the selected articles to the topic.. However, health problems in Islamic boarding schools still require attention, such as access to health services, healthy behavior and environmental health which can affect reproductive health. Students gain knowledge about reproductive health from classical books. Reproductive health education in Islamic boarding schools tends to be normative with culture obtained from classical books.

A comprehensive meta-analysis of in vitro studies on polycystic ovary syndrome cell lines

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. In vitro studies using PCOS cell lines have been instrumental in understanding the pathophysiology and identifying potential therapeutic targets. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize and evaluate the existing literature on PCOS cell line research. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to January 2024, using relevant keywords and medical subject headings. Inclusion criteria were original research articles in English, focusing on PCOS cell lines and reporting quantitative data. Data extraction included study design, cell line model, outcomes, and main findings. Results: A total of 48 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving human granulosa-derived (KGN, COV434), theca-derived (HsTE-1, HsTE-10), and ovarian surface epithelial (IOSE-80) cell lines. These studies focused on the evaluation of hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The meta-analysis revealed that PCOS cell lines exhibited increased androgen production, elevated insulin resistance markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression compared to control cell lines. Conclusion: In vitro studies using PCOS cell lines have provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS pathogenesis. These cell lines serve as valuable tools for understanding the complex interplay between hormonal dysregulation, insulin resistance, and inflammation.